Does anyone know what dogwood is?

Brief introduction of cornus officinalis

Zhou Yu

English name: Cornel

As a plant, Cornus officinalis mainly has two types:

One is Cornus officinalis of Cornaceae, and the other is Evodia rutaecarpa of Evodia rutaecarpa. Because it is produced in Wudi (now in Jiangsu and Zhejiang), it has the best quality, so it is called Yuejiao or Dwarf. It is a small evergreen tree with pinnate compound leaves and green and white flowers in early summer, as strong as pepper seeds. Mature after autumn. The fruit is yellow when tender and purple when ripe, which has the effects of warming the middle warmer, relieving pain and regulating qi. The fruit is small and cracked, very spicy and delicious, and its stems and leaves can be used as medicine, which has the effect of warming stomach and drying dampness. It is one of the important components of Shiquan Dabu Pill and Liuwei Dihuang Pill. Cornus officinalis leaves can also cure cholera, and roots can kill insects. Compendium of Materia Medica says it is spicy and fragrant, warm in nature, and can cure cold and drive away poison. The ancients believed that wearing dogwood could ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters. According to local customs, "On September 9th, Cornus officinalis was plugged to ward off evil spirits and avoid the cold."

One is Cornus officinalis of Cornaceae.

Alias: Cornus officinalis, jujube peel, medicinal jujube, Cornus officinalis, etc.

Last name: Cornaceae? Cornaceae? , lampstand tree genus?

Deciduous shrubs or small trees; The old branches are dark brown and the young branches are green. Leaves opposite, ovoid or ovoid, 5- 12 cm long and 7.5 cm wide, pointed at the top, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, sparsely hairy on the back, 6-8 pairs of lateral veins, and yellowish brown pubescence in the axils of leaves; Petiole is about 1 cm long and has velvety hair. Umbrella axillary, with the first leaf, 4 bracteoles, oval, brown and yellow flowers; Calyx 4-lobed, lobes broadly triangular; Petals 4, ovate; Disk ring, fleshy. Drupe oval, red when ripe. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is 8-65438+1October. ?

Zhejiang and Anhui distribution; Born in canyons, streams or wet slopes. ?

One is Evodia rutaecarpa, a plant of kyanite family.

Alias? Quyaozi, Fuchili pepper, hot tea, stinky bubble.

Source? Evodia rutaecarpa is rutaceae? Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss。 )? Bentham's nearly ripe fruit.

Plant morphology? Shrubs or small trees, 2.5 ~ 8m high. Young branches, leaf axes, petioles and inflorescences are all yellow-brown villous. Pinnate compound leaves are opposite; The leaflets are 5 ~ 1 1, oblong or ovoid, 5 ~14cm long and 2 ~ 6cm wide, with sparse hairs at the top and white villous hairs at the bottom with transparent glandular spots. Flowers unisexual, densely packed into terminal panicles. The fruit of osteophyte is purplish red with thick glandular points, and each fruit contains 1 seed. The flowering period is June-August, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.

Born in mountains, roadsides or sparse forests in warm areas. Cornus officinalis is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which is used as medicine by removing the core and pulp. Foping County, Shaanxi Province, is located in the hinterland of the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains, northeast of Hanzhong, with mountainous territory, lush forests, warm and humid climate, abundant rainfall and loose and fertile soil. It is the best growing area of Cornus officinalis, and it has been a famous producing area of Cornus officinalis since ancient times. Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasties recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica that "Cornus officinalis was born in Hanzhong Valley". "Records of Famous Doctors" contains: "Cornus officinalis was born in Hanzhong Valley and harvested in September".

Distribution in Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian and Jiangxi.

Collection? From August to165438+1October, when the fruit has not cracked, cut off the branches, dry them in the sun or at low temperature, and remove the branches, leaves and stems.

Note: As both Cornus officinalis and Evodia rutaecarpa are introduced in detail in Baidu Encyclopedia, they will not be repeated here.

[Edit this paragraph] Cornus officinalis and Double Ninth Festival

On the Double Ninth Festival, according to Chinese folk custom, people should not only climb high and look far, but also drink chrysanthemum wine and wear dogwood or dogwood sachet. The relationship between the Double Ninth Festival and Cornus officinalis was first seen in a story in the sequel: Runan people traveled with Fei Changfang and learned the Tao. One day, Fei Changfang told Huan Jing that there would be a disaster in your home on September 9. The solution is to let your family make a colorful bag, put Cornus officinalis in it, wrap it around your arm, climb mountains and drink chrysanthemum wine. On the ninth day of September, the Huanjing family followed. When I got home at night, I found that all my chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep were dead, and the whole family was safe and sound because of going out. So Kaunus's Exorcism was handed down.

On the Double Ninth Festival, people pick its branches and leaves. Even the fruits are sewn into small bags with red cloth and worn on the body to ward off evil spirits. It is a folk medicine commonly used in epidemic prevention in ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, it was very common that the Double Ninth Festival brought honor to heroes. In addition to Wang Wei's "I miss my Shandong brothers on vacation in the mountains", he also wrote "Shi Cun for nine days": "Who will be healthy next year?" Look at dogwood carefully when you are drunk. As for Chu Guangxi's poem "Climbing the Circus": "Tianmen SHEN WOO was a great father, and Jiuri Mountain cornus entertained the Sixth Army. "Written in the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Wu of Song Wudi visited the circus at the banquet of the Double Ninth Festival, and regarded Cornus officinalis as a reward for the whole army. ?

Cornus officinalis is nicknamed "evil-ward Weng", and the custom of worshipping Cornus officinalis on the Double Ninth Festival is very popular in the Tang Dynasty. People think that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa in the Double Ninth Festival can take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet, put Cornus officinalis in it, called Cornus officinalis bag, and some are inserted in your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. This happened in the Tang Dynasty and has been popular since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows to "eliminate evil and filth, and make money and treasure". This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, some people cut ribbons into dogwood and chrysanthemum and gave them to each other. ?

The purpose of Chongyang Cornus officinalis is to repel insects and prevent moth. Because it was Koharu in October after the Double Ninth Festival, the weather warmed up for a while; Some time before Chongyang, the autumn rain was wet, the autumn heat had not subsided, and clothes were easy to get moldy. This time is when osmanthus flowers are in full bloom, so people call it "osmanthus steaming", so it is necessary to prevent insects at this time. Cornus officinalis has low toxicity and insecticidal effect. This is how the custom of making Cornus officinalis capsules came about.

However, after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the custom of Peidogwood gradually became scarce. The reason for the change is probably the shift of the center of gravity of the Double Ninth Festival. In early people's time life, Chongyang emphasized avoiding evil spirits and eliminating disasters. With the improvement of people's living conditions, people not only pay attention to the current real life, but also give more expectations to the future life and pray for longevity and continuity. Therefore, the status of "Yanshouke" (Chrysanthemum) finally surpassed that of "Avoidant Weng" (Cornus officinalis).

[Edit this paragraph] Poet kaunas

"Cornus officinalis" was also chosen as a pen name by a contemporary young poet, who wrote and published a large number of poems and essays. This is his introduction:

Kornas, male, poet, prose and columnist. 1987 was born in Handan City, Hebei Province. Born in Ganzhou, Jiangxi. I graduated from Tongji University Law School with a Bachelor of Laws and a Master of Philosophy. He used to be the president of Tongji University Poetry Society.

Poems, essays and critical works have appeared in Mountain Flowers, Stars, Selected Poems, Poetry Tide, Shilin, Poetry Monthly, Prose Poetry, Shanghai Poet, Dunhuang, Chinese and Western Poetry, Frontier Literature, Yan 'an Literature and Peony.

His works were selected in the anthology of poems. Times Poetry Exhibition (edited by Yu Cong. 2005. Selected Poems of Hebei) and China New Poetry Yearbook (edited by Yang Ke). 2006. Huacheng Publishing House), China Post-80s Poetry Writing Report (edited by Shanxi Publishing Group in 2007), Tongji Centennial Poetry Talk (edited by Yu Daxiang and Wang). Selected Poems of China (2008. Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House) and Selected Poems in 2008 (2008. Sichuan People's Fine Arts Publishing House).

There are four collections of poems: Ants Running on Cardamom (2005. China Poetry Archive), Rich Life (2006. Self-printed), text chronicle (2007. Self-printed) and Notes: Selected Works of Kaunus (2008. Self-printed). His main works include the series of Qunfangpu, Mu and his classic series of Mountains and Seas, Drinking on the Pool, Notes on Mid-Autumn Festival, Slope, Strawberry and Country, as well as a large number of essays and poetry reviews.

2005. 12. Won the "2005 Outstanding Poet Award" by New Poetry and Grand View magazine; In April 2006, he won the "Cherry Blossom Poetry Award" sponsored by Wuhan University. In June 2007, he won the "China Campus Poetry Festival" poetry award sponsored by People's Literature Publishing House and other units; In April 2008, he won the first prize of "Cherry Blossom Poetry Award" sponsored by Wuhan University again. In April 2008, he won the poet of the year award of Star magazine.

He has been the editor-in-chief of the "Campus Poetry Exhibition" column of New Poetry Grand View magazine for several years, and has published hundreds of works by dozens of poets during his school days. Participated in compiling Selected Poems and Songs of Contemporary Campus in China (2005.6438+0 1. China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Publishing House) China Post-80s Generation Poetry Writing Report, China Online Poetry Yearbook (Volume 2007) (2008). Global Culture Press) and some special issues of Poetry Monthly. He has written the recommendation comments of his "recommendation" column for the poetry magazine "Chinese and Western Poetry" sponsored by the Macao Foundation, the Poetry Creation Committee of Guangdong Writers Association and Zhuhai Writers Association.

Set up columns of essays, poems and comments in readers' weekly, college students' weekly, Vanke weekly and Chinese newspaper. Served as the judge of the third "Ye Hong Women's Poetry Award" and previous "Southern Poetry Awards" in Chinese mainland. He has been interviewed by magazines such as Wind Vane and Feeling. In 2007, together with Xiaoshui * * *, we launched the Southern Poetry Communication Society and Poetry Salon, dedicated to the voluntary poetry communication activities of college students and middle school students in southern China with the Yangtze River Delta as the core, to enhance the understanding, support and love of contemporary youth for China's contemporary poetry, and strive to shape the image of China as a "poetry volunteer"; And * * * planned to participate in the "In the South" series of activities.

The poet Wang Wei also mentioned "Cornus officinalis" in "Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers".

[Edit this paragraph] The legend of Cornus officinalis

The custom of hanging mugwort leaves and drinking realgar wine on the Dragon Boat Festival is related to the Double Ninth Festival. In fact, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Double Ninth Festival, one is the alternation of spring and summer, and the other is the alternation of autumn and winter, both of which are easy to be popular. This also reflects that our ancestors had the scientific thought of preventing diseases. Cornus officinalis turns a blind eye to Chinese medicine China Pharmacy Dictionary explains that this product can be used in both north and south, and Wudi is a medicine, so it is also called Evodia rutaecarpa. The so-called "land of Wu" is the state of Wu in history. The name of Cornus officinalis also comes from a legend.

According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the weak State of Wu paid tribute to the powerful neighboring State of Chu on time every year. One year, the envoy of the State of Wu presented his special product "Evodia rutaecarpa" to the King of Chu. The greedy and ignorant king of Chu loved pearls, agates and treasures of gold and silver, and simply looked down on this native Chinese herbal medicine. On the contrary, he thought that Wu was teasing him, so he flew into a rage and was driven out of the palace without allowing the envoy of Wu to explain anything. There was a doctor named Zhu around the king of Chu, and he was in close contact with the envoys of Wu. He was busy taking him home to comfort him. The envoy of Wu said that Evodia rutaecarpa is a first-class medicinal material in China, which has the functions of warming the middle warmer to relieve pain, reducing adverse reactions and stopping vomiting, and is good at treating stomach cold, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. Due to the chronic illness of the king of Chu's stomach cold and abdominal pain, I didn't expect the king of Chu to be indiscriminate ... After hearing this, Dr. Zhu sent someone to send the envoy of the State of Wu back to China and carefully took care of the Evodia rutaecarpa he brought.

The next year, the king of Chu caught a cold and his old illness recurred. His abdominal pain is like a knife, and the doctors are helpless. When Dr. Zhu saw that the time had come, he quickly tortured Evodia rutaecarpa and gave the king of Chu temporary pain relief. The king of Chu was overjoyed and gave it to Dr. Zhu, asking what medicine it was. Dr. Zhu described the situation of medicine provided by the envoy of the State of Wu last year. After listening to this, the king of Chu was very remorseful. He sent people to apologize to the prince with gifts and ordered people to plant Evodia rutaecarpa widely. A few years later, the plague in Chu was prevalent, and patients with abdominal pain spread all over the country. Thousands of lives were saved by Evodia rutaecarpa. In order to thank Dr. Zhu for saving his life, the Chu people added the word "Zhu" in front of Evodia rutaecarpa and renamed it Evodia rutaecarpa. Later, medical scientists added a cursive prefix to the Chinese characters, officially named Evodia rutaecarpa, which has been in use ever since.

[Edit this paragraph] Cornus officinalis's poems

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Kaunus often mentioned it in his poems about Chongyang. These poems about dogwood mainly have four contents: one is to wear dogwood on the elbow; The second is to insert Cornus officinalis in the crown; The third is to drink dogwood wine; Fourth, the dogwood festival and dogwood club will replace the Double Ninth Festival.

1,? Vacation in the mountains reminds me of my brothers in Shandong?

Author: Wang Wei?

I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays. ?

When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. ?

2, "Xie Xinen"

Author: Tang * Li Yu

Ran Ran Qiu Guang can't stay, and the red leaves are full of dusk. ?

It's the Double Ninth Festival again, and the Taiwan Province Pavilion is on its way. ?

Cornus officinalis is fragrant, purple and chrysanthemum, floating in the courtyard, and rainy at night in the smoke cage. ?

Brave brave new swallow's cold voice, worried about similar age. ?

3. "Nine Days of Ascension"?

Author: Changling Wang?

Castle Peak is near Huangzhou, and Ji Jing Chongyang goes to the North Building. ?

The rain broke the pavilion, the fairy chrysanthemum moistened, and the frost flew to the angel pear flower falls. ?

Cornus officinalis's sideburns are suitable for longevity, and jade dances horizontally. ?

The man said that Tao Qian was drunk under the fence, so he had never seen such romance. ?

Chongyang poetry anthology

Pick mulberry seeds? Chongyang?

Mao Zedong?

Life is easy to get old, but it is hard to get old.

Today is Chongyang, and the yellow flowers in the battlefield are particularly fragrant. ?

The annual autumn wind is not as strong as spring.

Better than spring, just like Wan Li frost on the vast river. ?

Climb the mountain on the 9th?

(Tang) Du Mu?

On the river, the geese just flew south, and they made friends with wine and hip flask mountain. ?

Laughter makes people laugh, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom. ?

However, I will try my best to pay for the festival, and I won't hate it when I board the plane. ?

After all, life is a short history, so why do you cry like Qi Jinggong? ?

September 10?

(Tang) Li Bai?

I climbed the mountain yesterday and lifted it today. ?

Chrysanthemum is too bitter, and it is the Double Ninth Festival. ?

Xuanwu Mountain Tour on September 9th?

(Don) What about Lu?

Looking at the mountains and rivers on September 9, returning to the heart and looking at the wind and smoke. ?

In another country, drinking Jinhua wine, Wan Li shares the same sorrow with Hongyan. ?

Nine days in Suizhong?

What about (Don)?

On September 9, at Wangxiangtai, he sat in a farewell cup. ?

Human feelings are tired and bitter in the south, and Hongyan is from the north. ?

Nine days?

(Tang) Wang Wei?

Don't compare the border with Kyoto, the frost grass has withered in August. ?

I wonder if there will be chrysanthemums in the wine today? ?

Nine days?

What about (Don)?

Yellow flowers and purple chrysanthemums fall on the edge of the fence, and the chrysanthemums are full of wine and fragrance. ?

I can't bear to look forward to my hometown today, but I am forced to join the crowd. ?

Fenghe No.9 was lucky enough to board the Lin Wei Pavilion.

Wei Anshi?

On the ninth festival, you must take action. ?

The golden wind flutters chrysanthemums, and the jade dew weeps dogwood branches. ?

Looking eight miles away, there are seven wonders in astronomy. ?

A deep face should be in front of you, so don't forget the danger. ?

Drunk flower shadow?

(Song) Li Qingzhao?

The fog is thick and the clouds are light, and it will always be sad. The brain sells golden beasts. ?

Double Ninth Festival, lying in bed, in the middle of the night, the cold on my body has just been soaked. ?

Dongli drinks until dusk, and faint chrysanthemum fragrance overflows his sleeves. ?

Don't get carried away, the curtain rolls west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers! ?

Yu Changan also visited Weishan Pavilion in Yangzhou on September 9th.

(Southern Dynasties? Chen) General Manager Jiang?

My heart went south, but my body came back from north to south in autumn. ?

How many flowers are there under the fence in my hometown today? ?

Indulge in the east wind? Chongjiu?

(Yuan) Guan Hanqing?

Poems on the red leaves make it resist the emotional baggage, and people in chrysanthemums lie in the songs upstairs. ?

The shadows of wild geese in the sky are thin, and the moon is thin at sunset. ?

Autumn is crisp and bright.

Who will teach white clothes to deliver wine? ?

Nine days?

Vincent?

After three years, I was not at home when it was opened. ?

When is today's wine, suddenly it has become the flower of the old garden. ?

Wild clouds connect trees, and wild geese gather sand in cold. ?

Boarding Infinity, where is Wangjing China? ?

、?

Should I send a happy word on the 9th?

Li Qiao?

Sanqiu will celebrate later, and Chongyang will celebrate on the 9th. ?

The fairy cup is also full of chrysanthemums, precious and blue. ?

Heaven is close to heaven, and the universe is wide. ?

Today's longevity leads us to shoot Qu. ?

Nine days?

Ling huchu?

On the Double Ninth Festival, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the wild chrysanthemums are yellow. ?

On this recent day, it was mostly in other places. ?

There are thousands of sunsets, and Qiu Yan and his party. ?

Can't look up, afraid of breaking the old man's intestines?

Should Feng He be lucky enough to board the No.9 Lin Weiting and get a happy word?

Song Wenzhi?

Sanqiu will celebrate later, and Chongyang will celebrate on the 9th. ?

The fairy cup is also full of chrysanthemums, precious and blue. ?

Heaven is close to heaven, and the universe is wide. ?

Today's longevity leads us to shoot Qu. ?

New word number 9?

Meng Haoran?

The ninth day is not ten days, and Chongyang is this morning. ?

Climb high and smell ancient things, and visit people with wine. ?

Take off your hat and drink, and try on new clothes with you. ?

Kornas is admirable, and he has taken it as a symbol of his feelings. ?

Five songs in nine days?

Du fu?

In the old Double Ninth Festival, cups were passed on without cups. ?

In other words, today's temples have changed, but chrysanthemums are in bloom. ?

North Que long love, Xijiang alone back first. ?

Dogwood gave courtiers a rare one?

September 9th?

Cui Shanwei?

On the 9th, the Double Ninth Festival, and on the 3rd, the moon will break. ?

Chrysanthemum urges late air, while dogwood keeps early cold. ?

The frost is thick, the eagle strikes far, the fog is heavy, and it is difficult for geese to fly. ?

Who remembers Longshan, depression and prosperity? ?

Have you passed the former residence of Pei Sheren?

Liu Changqing?

It's miserable and cold, and the yellow leaves are full of empty courtyard. ?

Where is the solitary grave, there are hundreds of people who are homeless to learn from the level. ?

Hedge flowers are still the double ninth festival, and the neighboring flute is like the sunset. ?

No one can grow a book, and Qiu Lai is a firefly.

Reward Huangfu Langzhong for remembering the new chrysanthemum?

Bai Juyi?

A person who loves chrysanthemums sings a rhyme, and a patient who is sad for autumn is depressed. ?

Yellow flowers add joy to wine, and red leaves add sorrow. ?

The cruelty of the laity has been broken. Who is the Xianlang Cup for? ?

Shameless, I still remember Dongli, and I plan to abolish the double ninth festival for one day. ?

Five poems of Cornus Mountain No.9?

Zhang said?

On the 9th, the number of Double Ninth Festival was counted, and Sanqiu became a successful place. ?

At that time, after visiting the porch, go to Peng Ying.

Over the old man's village? [Meng Haoran]?

This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.

Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.