It's freezing, the inkstone is hard, the fingers can't bend and stretch, and they are lazy.

It was so cold that the ink on the inkstone froze. Fingers can't bend straight (that is, they are frozen stiff), but they dare not slack off.

This sentence comes from the preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang. By describing the difficulties and hardships of studying when the author was young, but he finally achieved something, he encouraged Ma Sheng to study hard. This article was written by Song Lian at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty to Ma Junze, a young man in Dongyang County, Zhejiang Province.

2. Creative background?

Preface to Farewell to Dongyang is taken from Song Anthology (four series). In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Song Lian retired from his hometown Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) to Yingtian (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) in the second year. Ma Junze, a fellow student in imperial academy, came to visit Zhu Yuanzhang. This lesson only extracts the first half of the preface. In this part, the author did not preach with a straight face because of his position and elder status, but put forward his own views and described the hardships and hardships of his childhood study, in order to convince people with reason and control people with emotion. This is the author's ardent expectation for Ma Junze. After hard work, I finally achieved something.

3. Introduction to the author?

Song Lian (1310-1381), whose real name is Jinglian, nicknamed Qian Xi, nicknamed Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhendao and Xuanzhendun. Posthumous title Wenxian. Pujiang (now Pujiang, Zhejiang) is a native of Han nationality. Writers in the early Ming dynasty. He was born in a poor family, but he was eager to learn since he was a child. He was hired by Wu Lai and Liu Zhi, masters of ancient Chinese prose at the end of Yuan Dynasty. He studied hard all his life. "From childhood to old age, he never went to school for a day and learned everything." At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Shundi asked him to organize and edit imperial academy. He resigned and wrote a book on the grounds of supporting his parents.

In the 20th year (1360), Zheng Zheng was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang together with Liu Ji, Zhang Yi and Ye Chen, and was honored as the teacher of the Five Classics. Hong's major is "Yuan History", and he received imperial edicts from officials to bachelors. Later, due to Hu's case, he died in Maozhou. He is the author of Song Anthology, New Theory of Filial Piety and Preface to Dongyang.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, and Song Lian took office as a Confucian scholar in Jiangnan, giving lectures to Prince Zhu Biao. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Tired officials went to the academician courtyard to start a business, knowing the patent. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned and returned home. Later, his eldest grandson was implicated in the Hu Dang case, and his family was exiled to Maozhou (now Sichuan Qiang Autonomous County), where he died of illness.

reference data

Senior high school entrance examination network:/e/201118/4ec5c11078ca4.shtml.