Kaifeng weather 65438+ 10 month

(Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia, you can go to see the details. Needless to say, this kind of problem is easy to find.)

geographical position

Kaifeng is bounded by11351'51÷—15' 42 ÷ N 34 165448. Located in the east of central Henan Province, it is the tip of the alluvial fan plain of the Yellow River. 69 meters to 78 meters above sea level. Shangqiu city is in the east, Zhengzhou city, the provincial capital, is in the west, Xuchang city and Zhoukou area are in the south, and Zhongyuan Oilfield faces each other across the river in the north. The total area is 6444 square kilometers, including 362 square kilometers in the urban area. It is about 92km wide from north to south and126km long from east to west. It is 500 kilometers east of Lianyungang, the port city at the eastern end of the Eurasian Continental Bridge, and 72 kilometers west of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital. On the map of China, it is located in the center of East Henan Plain.

Climate environment

Kaifeng has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, mild climate and moderate rainfall. The annual average temperature is 14℃, the annual average rainfall is 670 mm, and the forest coverage rate is higher than the national average. The best travel time: 65438+ 10 September, when the weather is mild and the precipitation is moderate, you can also enjoy the blooming chrysanthemums.

Kaifeng is located in the vast eastern Henan plain, with no mountains, many rivers and lakes, mild climate, abundant rainfall, rich groundwater resources and good natural ecological environment. The rivers in Kaifeng belong to the Yellow River and Huaihe River. Among them, there are 32 rivers, including Yellow River, Wohe River, Huiji River and so on, with a basin area of over 6,543.8+0,000 square kilometers. There are three garden attractions in the urban area: Long Ting, Iron Tower and Yuwangtai. Baogong Lake, Longting Lake and Tieta Lake are connected by water system, and the lake area accounts for a quarter of the urban area, so it is called the northern water city. According to 1999 statistics, the urban greening coverage rate is 34.4%, and the national forest coverage rate is higher than the national average. The average noise is 57.2 decibels, the comprehensive index of air pollution is 88.7, and the standard rate of drinking water quality is over 95%, all of which are controlled within the national standards. Trees are mainly paulownia, willow and Sophora japonica. Yellow River Beach and Liuyuankou Wetland Nature Reserve are natural habitats for many birds. Crops are mainly wheat, cotton, corn, soybeans and peanuts. Oil, natural gas and underground mineral water resources are also abundant.

Kaifeng economy

Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and development, Kaifeng's economic and social undertakings have developed rapidly, and remarkable achievements have been made in urban construction, industry, agriculture, transportation, communication, commerce and tourism. Kaifeng attaches great importance to infrastructure construction, actively creates a good environment for opening to the outside world, and strives to move towards a modern new city on the basis of protecting and perfecting the old city. Kaifeng Economic and Technological Development Zone, located on the west side of the old city, has a planned area of 25 square kilometers and a developed area of 8 square kilometers, and has initially built a modern new city with multiple functions. Kaifeng has a complete range of industries. There are 3580 industrial enterprises in the city, forming an industrial system with chemicals, machinery, textiles, food and medicine as its pillars. Kaifeng is located in the eastern Henan plain, with mild climate, moderate rainfall, developed water conservancy and rich agricultural and sideline products resources. The natural conditions for developing agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are unique. All five counties are national commodity grain and wheat production bases, and are also important producing areas of wheat, cotton, peanuts and soybeans in the province. Kaifeng, as an ancient capital, has a long commercial history, and its consumption, service and circulation have their own characteristics. At present, there are more than 40,000 commercial, catering and service outlets in the city, with 3 15 markets. Kaifeng is located between inland and coastal areas, with convenient transportation and communication.

natural resource

Kaifeng has a total land area of 628,240.26 hectares, of which 434,732,438+04 hectares are cultivated land, accounting for 69.20% of the total land area. Garden area10,456.84 hectares, accounting for1.66%; The forestland area is 24,026.26 hectares, accounting for 3.82%; Residential areas and industrial and mining land are 83,750.85 hectares, accounting for13.33%; Traffic land 17822.06 hectares, accounting for 2.84%; The water area is 46,964.21hectare, accounting for 7.48%; Unused land10,487.90 hectares, accounting for 1.67%.

The underground resources in Kaifeng area have been proved to be oil and natural gas. It is estimated that the total output of oil is 560 million tons and the natural gas reserves are 48.5 billion cubic meters, which have been exploited in large quantities. Coal resources are deeply buried, and the predicted reliable reserves are 7.79 billion tons. In addition, there are abundant limestone, rock salt, gypsum and other mineral deposits underground.

Kaifeng's water resources mainly include surface water and shallow groundwater, with an average of 835 million cubic meters (excluding transit water) for many years. Among them, surface water is 35 1 10,000 cubic meters, accounting for 42% of the total resources, and groundwater is 484 million cubic meters (allowable exploitation), accounting for 58% of the total resources.

traffic

Kaifeng is located in the Central Plains with convenient transportation. The Longhai Railway connecting the Eurasian Continental Bridge passes through the city. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Beijing-Kowloon Railway are adjacent. The 106 national highway from Beijing to Guangzhou and the 3 10 national highway from Tianshui to Lianyungang meet here. The opening (sealing) of Luo (Luo) and Shang (Qiu) expressways has become a golden passage through Henan. Kaifeng is 580 kilometers north of Beijing and 530 kilometers east of Lianyungang. Zhengzhou-Bian Expressway is more than 50 kilometers away from Zhengzhou International Airport and Zhengzhou Customs. Kaifeng's superior geographical location makes it a hub city with a north-south trend and an east-west trend. At the same time, it is the central city of two-way opening to the outside world along the Eurasian Continental Bridge, which has broad prospects for developing foreign economic and technological cooperation and large-scale economic development.

History and culture

Kaifeng is a city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province and one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in China. It was called Bianliang, Bianjing and Tokyo in ancient times, and it has a history of more than 2700 years. The name of Kaifeng originated in the Spring and Autumn Period. Because Zheng Guozhuang publicly chose this place to build a granary city, it was named "Kaifeng", which means "opening the border". In the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (156 BC), Kaifeng was renamed Kaifeng to avoid the taboo of Emperor Gaozu Liu Qi. From 364 BC to AD 1233, seven dynasties, namely Wei, Hou Jin, Hou Han, Hou Zhou, Northern Song and Jin Dynasty, established their capitals here during the Warring States Period, and experienced a thousand-year Chinese dream. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng (known as Tokyo in history) was the capital of the Song Dynasty for 168 years and experienced nine emperors. Tokyo is more than 30 kilometers wide and consists of three cities: outer city, inner city and imperial city, with a population of 1.5 million. It is a magnificent, large-scale and magnificent capital. As the political, economic and cultural center of China and a prosperous world metropolis, it is world-famous. Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted a huge Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which vividly described the bustling scene of Kaifeng City in Tokyo. The Northern Song Dynasty was another heyday of the development of science, technology, culture and art after the Tang Dynasty, which created a brilliant generation of Song Wenhua and had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Historical celebrities such as incorruptible Bao Gong, loyal Yang Jiajiang, Wang Anshi and national hero Yue Fei all left glorious footprints in Kaifeng. As a national culture, their great achievements are still widely celebrated at home and abroad.

Kaifeng was also the first city in China where Jews settled. During the Northern Song Dynasty, a group of Jewish immigrants moved to Tokyo, the then prosperous capital of the Song Dynasty, via Tianzhu (India). The emperor of the Song Dynasty issued a decree: "This is my midsummer, and I will follow the ancestral customs and leave the capital of song dynasty." Ancient Kaifeng Jews maintained a harmonious relationship with the Han and Hui nationalities, and lived and worked in peace and contentment according to their own national customs for more than 700 years. Due to historical, cultural and natural factors, Kaifeng Jews gradually merged with the local ethnic groups, leaving a unique and unforgettable history. The picture on the right shows Kaifeng Longting.

As early as the early Neolithic Age, there were human activities in Kaifeng. In Xia Dynasty (2 1 century BC to 65438+6th century BC), the seventh emperor of Xia moved the capital to Laoqiu (about 22km east of Kaifeng today), and it took about 157. During the Spring and Autumn Period, from 743 BC to 70 BC1year, Zheng Zhuanggong built the "Kaifeng" city in Gucheng Village, Zhuxian Town, south of Kaifeng City. During the Warring States Period, in 364 BC, the capital was moved from Anyi, Shaanxi Province, and was established in Kaifeng City, with the title of Liang. In 225 BC, Qin destroyed Wei, established Dang County, and established Junyi (Daliang) and Kaifeng counties. In the first year of Han Jing (BC 156), in order to avoid Liu Qizhi of Han Jing, Kaifeng County was changed to Kaifeng County. The Eastern Wei Dynasty set up Liangzhou in Kaifeng. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, Liangzhou was changed to Bianzhou. In 7 12 AD, Kaifeng County was transferred to Bianzhou City, with the same profile as Junyi County. In 907, Kaifeng was the capital of Hou Liang, and Bianzhou was promoted to Kaifeng, which was called the East Capital. Kaifeng, the capital of Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou, was established one after another. In 938 AD, Kaifeng was called Tokyo. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin, the general of the later Zhou Dynasty, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, made Kaifeng its capital, and established the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the population was 1.5 million. Kaifeng was not only the domestic economic, political and cultural center, but also the international metropolis of "Xian Tong of all nations". 1 126 Jin captured Kaifeng and changed it to Bianjing. A.D. 12 14 Jin Dynasty moved its capital to Kaifeng. In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1 year), Kaifeng, Henan Province was established. In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Zhu Yuanzhang made his fifth son Zhu Ke king of Kaifeng. Kaifeng's economy was prosperous in the Ming Dynasty, and it was known as "the thoroughfare of eight provinces" and "the potential is like two capitals". In 1642, Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng, the Ming army opened the Yellow River, and Kaifeng city was destroyed. There are 370,000 people in the city, leaving only 30,000 people. Kaifeng was established in the Qing Dynasty and became a commercial port in the late Qing Dynasty. With the rise of national capital industry, factories such as machinery, weapons, flour, matches and tobacco have been established one after another. During the Republic of China, Kaifeng was the capital of Henan.

19481Kaifeng was liberated on October 24th. In the same year1October 6, the People's Democratic Municipal Government of Kaifeng Special City was established, 165438, and it was renamed Kaifeng People's Democratic Municipal Government on February 23, 65438. Kaifeng was the capital of Henan in the early days of the People's Republic of China. 1954 10 in June, the provincial capital moved to Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng was the provincial capital city. 1982, Kaifeng was first named as a "historical and cultural city" by the State Council.

Youyou Cultural Song Du Qing

Kaifeng, Henan. The history and culture of this ancient city are often memorable. Sima Qian, a writer in the Han Dynasty, Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi, famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, and Su Shi, a literary giant in the Song Dynasty, all wrote poems praising Kaifeng. Among them, Bai Juyi wrote in the poem "Sui Liu Di": "In the middle of the great cause, I became an emperor, and Liu Chengxing was planted by running water. From the Yellow River in the west to the Huaihe River in the east, there are 1,300 miles of green shadows. At the end of the great cause, the willow color is like smoke and snow. " You can imagine how spectacular and beautiful Kaifeng was at that time.

The sun and the moon fly like a shuttle, and the years leave marks. In history, seven dynasties established their capitals in Kaifeng. Wei in the Warring States Period, the Five Dynasties Period, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, the Later Zhou Dynasty, the Late Northern Song Dynasty and the State of Jin. According to research, ancestors lived near Kaifeng city more than 5000 years ago. At that time, people living here were mainly farmers and herdsmen, living a primitive commune life. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, people living here entered the slave society. In the Spring and Autumn Period, this was the seat of the State of Zheng. In order to open up the frontier, Duke Zheng built a city here and named it Kaifeng. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin launched a mutiny and established the Song Dynasty, with Kaifeng as its capital and Tokyo as its capital. After that, it took Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Guangyi twenty years to end the feudal regime of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, and Kaifeng became the national political, economic, transportation and cultural center. At that time, Kaifeng's water transport was very developed, with four waterways running through the city: Bianhe River, Huimin River, Zhangwu River and Jinshui River. At that time, there were five or six million mangokus of grain transported from Jiangnan to Beijing every year in the Bianhe area. Now, due to the Song Dynasty, water conservancy projects began to lead Luo into the Bianhe River. The canal opened 50 miles from Biankou to the west and led Yi into the Bianhe River, with a water depth of 10 feet, which made the Bianhe River and yi river communicate with each other and crossed the whole territory of Henan from east to west, becoming the most important traffic artery at that time. From Kaifeng to the north, you can go to Nanjing (now Beijing) in Tongliao; From Kaifeng to the west, passing through Zhengzhou, Xijing and Jingzhaofu (Xi 'an) in Shaanxi; To the southwest, through LULU, Dengzhou, Xiangyang and Jiangling, directly to Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi; To the east, it can reach the coastal areas of Shandong. Kaifeng was an open city at that time, with many religious and cultural categories, large scale and high popularity. Dasuoguo Temple, a royal temple with a long history of fame, Kaibao Temple Tower dedicated to Buddhist relics built in the Northern Song Dynasty, Tianqing Temple Tower, Yanqing Temple, Yuwangtai, xingguo temple Tower, Dayun Temple Tower, Dongda Temple, Ancient Kannonji, Catholic Henan General Temple and Zhu Bao Temple, the first female temple in the province built in the early years of the Republic of China, have complete religious categories. Suoguo Temple, in particular, is a famous temple in Kaifeng history. Many excellent classical novels in China, such as Water Margin and The Journey to the West, have written stories about Suoguo Temple, which have been circulated for thousands of years.

In addition to written records, the most famous landscape in Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty is The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Like a documentary, it vividly shows the life scene and social features of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty 800 years ago, and has become a precious historical material for later generations to study various social customs and human history in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the historical chain of Kaifeng, many famous people, such as Cai Yong, Cai Mo, Ruan Ji, Zhong Sicheng and Wang, all wrote their own chapters in Kaifeng. The lyrics of "Kaifeng has a treasure and a green field, and the impartial man can tell the truth from the traitors" have been sung all over the country, and the story of a generation of honest official Bao Zheng vindicating the people is even more well known. The famous stories spread to this day include Yang Jiajiang, national hero Yue Fei, Wang Anshi, honest official Zhang Boxing, Lin Zexu, Humen and so on. In modern times, it has cultivated, Feng Youlan, Deng Tuo, Yao, etc., which is admirable.

Kaifeng, the ancient capital, once lost its brilliant color after wars, fires and floods. In 1642, Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng, the Ming army opened the Yellow River, and Kaifeng city was destroyed. There are 370,000 people in the city, leaving only 30,000 people. 1840 After the Opium War, China entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Because Henan is located at the intersection of the spheres of influence of Shanghai, Tianjin and Hankou, it has become a raw material supply base and a dumping market for foreign goods. Kaifeng, the capital of Henan province at that time, was the first to be affected by this. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Kaifeng was occupied by the Japanese army for seven years and was severely damaged. At present, there are six ancient cities buried under Kaifeng City 13m * *, and the wonders of "a city within a city" are of great archaeological value. Kaifeng was once silent. Tired, she lay in the hinterland of the Central Plains and slept for a long time, almost forgotten. However, the pace of the times has also awakened Kaifeng, an ancient historical capital, and presented a new look. Kaifeng is rich in water resources and is known as the "Northern Water City". The touching legends left by many lakes such as Baogong Lake and Yangjia Lake began to ripple in people's hearts. The magnificent palaces in ancient times have been carefully repaired, forming a unique feature of the Song Dynasty. When I walked into Kaifeng, I heard the sonorous, simple, mellow, euphemistic and beautiful rhyme of the Song Dynasty. Zhuxian Town's New Year pictures flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, enjoying the same fame as Taohuawu in Suzhou, Yangliuqing in Tianjin and Weifang in Shandong. Rich in content, unique in style, smooth in lines, rough and concise, it is the treasure of China engraving and overprinting art. Kaifeng's edge embroidery is unique, with landscape figures, balcony flowers and birds, fine needle and thread, no exposed seams, dazzling velvet, rich in color, distinct in layers and strong in three-dimensional sense, which has become a must-buy for tourists at home and abroad. Kaifeng has a long history of planting chrysanthemums, which can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties more than 600 years ago. The Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the Ming and Qing Dynasties, were famous all over the country. "Among the yellow flowers, chrysanthemum is the most famous." When Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty came to Kaifeng to enjoy chrysanthemums, he wrote a poem in his own hand, leaving a beautiful sentence of "The wind leaves are green and the frost flowers are full of chrysanthemums". In Yuwangtai, Kaifeng, there is still a dead chrysanthemum poem monument. Every autumn, the ancient city of Kaifeng, the autumn wind is cool, chrysanthemums are fragrant, and flowers are everywhere, which is spectacular. "Flowers are set off by scenery, and scenery is based on flowers." People are crazy in the sea of chrysanthemums. It's really "October flowers are in chaos, and the fragrance moves the chrysanthemum city for ten miles." Today, Kaifeng, full of new vitality, enjoys the reputation of "hometown of opera", "hometown of woodblock New Year pictures", "hometown of Bianxiu" and "hometown of chrysanthemums".

In Kaifeng, you can see all kinds of folk arts, such as lion dance, drums, stilts, dry boat, suona and so on. You are developing new temples, Imperial Street, Riverside Garden on Qingming Festival, Hanyuan Forest of Steles, Western-style clothes, Kaifeng House, Daliangmen, Longting Lake, Lake, Fanta and Yu. Wandering in the brightly lit night market, surrounded by tourists from home and abroad, listening to the mellow local accent of "Miss Zhong" and "very strong", my heart can't help heating up. Kaifeng in the Seven Dynasties wrote a new chapter in the waves of the times, and it was radiant with brilliance.

local color

folk custom

Temple Fair, Lantern Festival, Bird Market, Chrysanthemum, Night Market, Kite, Cockfighting, Drum Board.

Characteristic landscape

Long Ting, Baogong Temple, Riverside Garden on Qingming Festival, Iron Tower, Dasuoguo Temple, Hanyuan Forest of Steles, Kaifeng House, etc.

Traditional famous dishes

Kaifeng steamed buns, roasted carp noodles, four treasures set meal, clear soup Dongpo meat, white roasted tofu, etc.

Local snack

Steamed buns, cockfighting, steamed buns on the first floor, Ma Yuxing cockfighting, Sanxian Lotus Crisp, Spiced Rabbit Meat, Kaifeng Taosibao, Carp Roasted Noodles, Chrysanthemum Hot Pot, Dajing Jujube, Huimian Noodles Noodles, Ma Shuang Roasted, Sesame Wings, Sweet Potato Mud, Peanut Cake, Spiced Air-dried Rabbit Meat, Braised Fish, Pot Sticks, Mutton Kangmo, Fried Tofu and Rock Sugar.

Tutechan

Watermelon in the capital of song dynasty, pickles in Qixian county, spiced dried bean curd, peanut cake

folk art

Edge embroidery, official porcelain, woodblock New Year pictures, etc.