Daily practice of transferring cadres in Tianjin Army in 2022: judgment and reasoning [2022.3.29]

1. Lyme disease, like many other human and animal diseases, is spread by insects, which suck the blood of vertebrate hosts and carry pathogens. For a long time, scientists believe that the population density of white-footed deer is the best predictor of Lyme disease incidence. However, in a high-incidence area of Lyme disease in southeast new york, a study on the ecological determinants of Lyme disease lasted 13 years, which overturned this view, because the population of white-footed deer in high-incidence years was generally lower than that in low-incidence years.

Which of the following assumptions is the above discussion based on?

A. In areas where Lyme disease has never broken out, the number of white-footed deer is usually small.

B before the outbreak of Lyme disease, the population of white-footed deer will not decrease significantly.

Population numbers of other species can also be used to predict Lyme disease.

D. the increase in the number of white-footed deer is a precursor to the outbreak of other diseases.

2. Why do humans live longer than other primates? Traditionally, this is due to the development of modern medicine, adequate food and advanced health system. However, new research shows that although the above factors have prolonged human life span in the last 200 years, the trend that human life span is longer than that of other primates has existed long before this. When human ancestors began to eat more meat, they gradually evolved an immune mechanism against pathogens in meat. So the new view is that the immune mechanism evolved when humans eat meat prolongs human life.

Which of the following is correct and can weaken the above new ideas most?

A. People live longer because there is more food.

B: Some vegetarians don't eat meat and live a long life.

C. the ancestors of other primates also ate meat.

D. the immune mechanism of primates should be the same.

3. Some experts pointed out that China's urban planning lacks necessary meteorological demonstration, and high-rise buildings in cities are built high and dense, which hinders the ventilation cycle of cities. . Relevant data show that the average wind speed in many cities in China has decreased by 10% in recent years. The decrease of wind speed means that the atmospheric diffusion ability is weakened, which leads to the prolonged residence time of atmospheric pollutants and is easy to form haze weather and heat island effect. To this end, some experts have proposed to establish? Urban air duct? The idea is to create several smooth ventilation corridors in the city, so that the wind can enter and leave the city more freely and promote the renewal cycle of urban air.

If so, which of the following can best support the above view? Urban air duct? Ideas?

A. formed by urban air ducts? Cross the street? , has little effect on the safety of buildings.

B. With air ducts but no wind, air ducts in cities will become useless furnishings.

C. some cities have been established? Urban air duct? The natural basis of

D. urban air ducts are not only beneficial to? Drive away? , but also conducive to heat dissipation.

Reference answer and analysis

1. Answer B. Analysis: prerequisite. What's the title? The population number of white-footed deer in the years with high incidence of Lyme disease is generally lower than that in the years with low incidence of Lyme disease? Overthrow the argument? Is the population density of white-footed deer the best predictor of Lyme disease incidence? This view. If item B is not the stem hypothesis, the population of white-footed deer will be significantly reduced before the outbreak of Lyme disease, then the stem argument cannot overturn the views of scientists, and the argument is untenable. So we must assume item B. A, C and D are not the hypothesis of stem, which does not affect the discussion of stem. The correct answer is B.

2. Answer A. Analysis: The new viewpoint of the topic: The immune mechanism evolved when human beings eat meat prolongs human life. Argument: The trend that humans live longer than other primates existed long before this. When human ancestors began to eat more meat, they gradually evolved an immune mechanism against pathogens in meat.

Item A shows that human beings live longer because of richer food, which belongs to other reasons and weakens the new viewpoint.

In item B, some vegetarians also live a long life, which is a special counterexample, and the weakening of new ideas on the topic is powerless.

Item C, the ancestors of other primates also ate meat, but we don't know whether they have evolved an immune mechanism against pathogens in meat. It can't be explained whether humans live longer than other primates because the immune mechanism evolved when humans eat meat can't weaken new ideas.

Item d, should? It can be speculated, but we don't know whether the immune mechanism of primates is actually the same, which can't weaken the new view.

Therefore, choose a in this question.

3. Answer D. Analysis: The problem stems from the high-rise buildings in the city, which hinder the ventilation cycle of the city and easily form haze weather and heat island effect. Urban air duct? Conception of promoting urban air renewal cycle. Items A and C point out that urban air ducts are feasible, but it is not certain that the establishment of urban air ducts can promote urban air circulation, and the strengthening efforts are limited; Item b questions the hypothesis in the stem; Item D points out that building an air duct can really eliminate smog weather and heat island effect, which strongly supports the viewpoint of building an air duct put forward by experts. So the answer is d.

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