Which animals hibernate?

What are the animals that hibernate in winter?

Children in grade one will understand: 1. Dormouse is a famous sleepy among hibernating animals. It sleeps for six months at a time. At this time, its breathing becomes very weak, its body becomes hard, and it remains awake despite any noise or even collision from the outside. 2. The hibernation of the white bear is the most interesting. Only the female bear hibernates in their family. In winter, the mother bear will bury herself. I gave birth to a bear in my dream. During hibernation, the white bear occasionally wakes up and licks his feet, which is considered to be eating. When the hedgehog hibernates, it can not eat for 236 consecutive days. This is because its metabolism is weakened during hibernation, its body temperature is close to zero, and it hardly breathes. Even if it is thrown into the water and fished out half an hour later, it will not drown. Bats will hide in caves and caves in winter. The flying film covers the body and hangs upside down. At this time, the heartbeat is reduced from more than 400 times per minute to 5~6 times. 5. Snail's "shelter from the cold" is relatively safe. In addition to drilling into the deep hole, it also closed the mouth of the shell, leaving only a small hole for breathing. 6. Some fish hid themselves in their shells and slept all winter. The head is close to the head, breathing is slow, the gill cover moves very slowly, and the body temperature can drop to 65438 0 degrees Celsius, and it will not "recover" until spring. Dinosaurs (salted fish) slept more than carp when they hibernated. When you dig out the hibernating dinosaur (salted fish) buried in the river mud, you can't see that it is still alive without hitting it with a stick! 7. More interestingly, the Irish ice snake freezes its whole body in the ice after winter, and when it lies upright, it looks like a hard stick. It looks like a white flower when lying on the tray. Locals use it as crutches or string it into curtains to keep out the wind. When the weather gets warmer, these extra "crutches" and "curtains" will crawl away carefully before people abandon them. 8. Different insects hibernate at different developmental stages. Silkworm moths hibernate in egg stage, Chilo suppressalis hibernate in larva stage and Pieris rapae hibernate in pupa stage. Domestic mosquitoes spend the winter as larvae. Larvae hide in the stalks of crops, dig a long tunnel and block the tunnel mouth with their own silk to protect the safety of hibernation. Some spiders just weave a bag with their own silk, stick it to the bottom of the rock and hide in it to keep out the cold.

What are the hibernating animals?

Hedgehogs, bats, snakes, frogs, turtles, ants, snails, bears, most insects, etc.

1. Hibernation is also called "winter sting". The life activities of some animals are extremely reduced in winter, which is an adaptation of these animals to unfavorable external environmental conditions in winter.

2. Whenever the climate gets cold and food is scarce, many animals go into hibernation, stop eating and adjust their bodies, reduce their metabolism and keep their basal metabolic consumption low, so as to gain more living space and adapt to the ever-changing internal and external environment. So hibernation is a way for animals to adapt to bad environment in struggle for existence.

3. When hibernating, the animal's nerves have entered a state of paralysis, and its body temperature has dropped significantly. Generally speaking, an animal can only release 0.5 calories every day and night during hibernation, but when it wakes up excited, it can release 42 calories every day and night. It can be seen that when the body temperature of hibernating animals drops, the metabolism in the body becomes very slow and can only maintain life. Animal subcutaneous fat, on the one hand, can maintain body temperature, and more importantly, it can supply internal friction during hibernation.

Hibernation can be divided into three stages: entering sleep, deep sleep and leaving sleep.

Which animals need to hibernate?

Snakes, frogs, squirrels, bears, polar squirrels, totoro, European Dormouse, golden hamster, bat, hedgehog, tortoise, etc.

1. Snakes are the general name of reptiles with degenerated limbs and belong to reptiles. Like all reptiles, snakes are covered with scales.

All snakes are carnivores. The body is slender, the limbs are degenerated, there are no movable eyelids, no ear holes, no limbs, no front legs, and the body surface is covered with scales.

Snakes are warm-blooded animals with a lower body temperature than humans. When the ambient temperature is lower than 15℃, the snake will go into hibernation. The skin is smooth and moist. Many species are mainly aquatic, but some species are terrestrial and live in caves or trees.

Many kinds of shapes are different from typical kinds. For example, the African tree frog (Hyperolius) is native to Africa and has sucker on its toes for climbing.

The species of tree frogs, commonly known as flying frogs, are native to the East and arboreal. There are wide webbed toes, which can be used for gliding 12~ 15 meters (40~50 feet). Bear (English name: Bears): It is the general name of carnivorous animals in Xiong Ke. Bears are usually gentle, but when provoked or in danger, they are prone to rage and fierce fighting.

Although most people think bears are dangerous animals, they are quite popular in circuses or zoos. Distributed in the northern hemisphere.

In the southern hemisphere, there is no trace of it anywhere except the northern part of South America. Xiong Ke is a big family, which can be divided into 4 genera: sloth bear, spectacled bear, Malay bear and bear, with 8 species in total.

Bats are Chiroptera. Chiroptera is the second largest animal after rodents, and it is the only mammal that has really evolved the ability to fly. There are 19 families, 185 genera and 96 1 species, which are distributed all over the world except some islands in polar regions and oceans, among which bats in tropical and subtropical regions are the most common. Most bats rest during the day and eat at night.

5. Hedgehog belongs to heterohermy, which is the general name of a class of herpetidae mammals of Hedgehog subfamily. It is short and fat, with sharp claws, small eyes and short hair. It is covered with short and dense thorns, its back and sides are covered with thorns, and its head, tail and abdomen are covered with hair. The mouth is pointed and long, and the tail is short; Both front and rear feet have 5 toes, and the foot bottom line, and a few kinds of front feet have 4 toes; 36~44 teeth, all sharp.

Hibernation is a state in which the extreme but regular decline of body temperature, metabolism and other physiological activities is an adaptation to reducing energy consumption. This definition does not include seasonal or day and night dormancy of temperature-changing organisms in passive response to environmental temperature reduction.

Therefore, true hibernation is limited to birds and mammals. Hibernating species can be roughly divided into active hibernating animals and passive hibernating animals. The latter, such as hamster, external factors, including photoperiod, food and external temperature, play a major role in the timing of this hibernation cycle event.

The inducing factors of prolonging data hibernation are some external factors, such as the temperature drop in autumn and food shortage. However, some experts believe that the gradual shortening of the day is a hibernation signal, which will lead to changes in some internal factors, such as changes in hormone levels and the adjustment of seasonal biological clocks.

The biological clock seems to affect animal behavior, such as fat storage and preparation for hibernation. There is also the anesthetic effect of high concentration of carbon dioxide in hibernating places, which may also be the inducing factor of hibernation.

The increase of ambient temperature and the accumulation of metabolites may be awakening signals. When hibernating animals wake up, their body temperature will rise slowly.

Hormones can cause brown adipose tissue to decompose, providing energy for the initial increase of body temperature. When the body temperature reaches 15 degrees Celsius, the muscles will start to tremble, further warming the body.

In the chest and head with important organs, the temperature will recover faster than other parts of the body. The duration of hibernation varies from animal to animal.

European hedgehogs are 3 to 4 months old. Hibernating mice can sleep for six to seven months.

But we can't simply think that hibernation is a continuous process for several months. On the contrary, the more common hibernation is intermittent, with a long rest state and a short awakening state inserted in low metabolism. However, animals can't always wake up, because they need to consume energy every time they wake up. Too many times of waking up will lead to premature exhaustion of fat storage, so that when they really wake up next spring, there will be no "fat" available.

Animal hibernation is most affected by natural conditions. The more external * * *, the stronger the adaptability of internal instinct.

First of all, the external temperature has an important influence on animal hibernation. When the ambient temperature is between 5℃ and 10℃, it is most suitable to cause hibernation.

Secondly, the lack of food is a factor leading to hibernation. For birds, as long as food is restricted or hungry, they will immediately go into a lethargic state.

Thirdly, light is also an important external condition that leads to hibernation. If the light time is reduced or dimmed, animals will soon start to hibernate.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia hibernation entry.

What are the ways for animals to hibernate and why?

Hibernation is a sleep repair phenomenon. It is an adaptation of animals to unfavorable external environmental conditions (such as cold and lack of food) in winter. The main manifestations are inactivity and slow heartbeat. The body temperature drops and goes into a lethargic state. Invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and many mammals (such as bats, hedgehogs, marmots, squirrels, jerboa) that are common in temperate and cold regions. Hibernation can be divided into three stages: falling asleep, deep sleep and falling out of sleep. It takes about one to several days for the body temperature of sleeping animals to begin to drop to a stable temperature close to the environment. The external factor of falling asleep is mainly temperature. The upper limit of environmental temperature of various animals varies greatly: bat is 24~28℃, hedgehog is about 27℃, squirrel is 20~22℃, hamster is 9~ 10℃. The supply of light, food and drinking water also affects sleep. The internal factor of falling asleep is mainly weight. This means that animals have internal conditions for sleeping. Otherwise, despite the low ambient temperature, animals will not sleep. After the body temperature is set close to the ambient temperature, it will go into deep sleep. The length of deep sleep is uncertain and usually lasts for several months. At this time, the physiological state has changed a lot. The respiratory function is obviously reduced, such as the respiratory movement of hedgehog, which is reduced from 6 times per minute to 18 times at room temperature. Drop to 1~3 times per minute (28~ 18℃). At this stage, intermittent (paroxysmal) breathing sometimes occurs, that is, there is a long pause after a short rapid continuous breathing. Different from warm-blooded animals, the intermittent breathing of hibernating animals belongs to a normal physiological state. At the same time, the circulatory system has also changed significantly, and the heart rate has slowed down extremely. The heart rate of hibernating bats dropped from normal 330~920 beats per minute to 30 beats per minute, hummingbirds dropped from 480~ 1200 beats per minute to 48 beats per minute, and ground squirrels dropped from 300 beats per minute to 4~7 beats per minute. At the same time, the blood pressure of hamsters and marmots decreased from 100 mm Hg at room temperature to 50 mm Hg. Hedgehog decreased from 1 13 mmHg to 35 mmHg. At this time, the peripheral blood vessels contract widely, and only the most important chest organs and brain maintain a low level of blood circulation, thus maximizing energy conservation and ensuring the continuation of life activities. When the ambient temperature rises to a certain height, the sleeping animals wake up quickly. When the body temperature rises, the functions of various systems return to normal state (hibernation). The hibernating temperature of the hibernating hedgehog is about 6 ~ 9℃ (2 ~ 65438 05℃), and that of the weasel is about 65438 00℃. In addition to this spontaneous awakening, other external factors can be used, such as electricity, machinery, cold or heat, chemistry and injection of drugs or hormones. Breathing changes from rhythmic to intermittent. After several paroxysmal breaths, it becomes rhythmic and the frequency is getting faster and faster. For example, hedgehogs can reach 60 times per minute, and then wake up and tend to be calm, becoming 36~40 times per minute. The heart rate also gradually accelerated beyond the normal level, and then returned to calm. This kind of breathing and heart rate hyperactivity is related to trembling and fever in the early stage of awakening. At the same time, the blood vessels in the front of the body relax. Strengthen blood circulation in the heart, lungs and brain. After the front part of the body is rewarming, the blood vessels in the back part of the body begin to relax and rewarming rapidly. Because of this active rewarming, the whole process can make the body temperature rise by more than 30 degrees in just 1.5~2.5 hours, and fully awake. When hibernating, animals are in a hibernating array state of alternating activity (normal temperature) and paralysis (low temperature). The active period is about a few hours to a few days. Some kinds of animals excrete or eat during this period. Most kinds of animals do not eat, but regulate some physiological balance. Hibernating animals don't eat or drink during the hibernation season of more than 65,438+000 days, because they have sufficient energy reserves and their metabolism is minimized. It is 65,438+0 ~ 2% of that of live animals. Its respiratory quotient is close to 0.7, and it mainly relies on oxidized fat to supply energy and water. During the fattening period, hibernating animals store 30~50% of their body weight, most of which are concentrated under the skin, which not only provides energy but also keeps warm. Hibernating animals have more brown fat, which decreases the most after hibernation. It was once thought to be an endocrine gland related to hibernation. It is called hibernation gland, which is closely related to the awakening of hibernating animals. It is a wonderful phenomenon that bears sleep and frogs hibernate in underground squirrel tree holes. People observed several hibernating animals and found many unexpected phenomena. In Canada, some mountain rat hibernate for half a year. When winter comes, they dig tunnels, get into caves and curl up. Their breathing gradually slowed down and almost stopped. Accordingly, the pulse became extremely weak, and the body temperature plummeted to 5℃. At this time, even if you kick it with your feet, there will be no reaction, almost like death, but in fact it is alive. Squirrels sleep more. Someone once dug a hibernating squirrel out of a tree hole. Its head seemed to be broken, and no one could open his eyes, let alone walk. Put it on the table. It just moves leisurely and takes a long time. Hedgehogs almost stop breathing when they hibernate. It turns out that there is a cartilage in its throat, which can separate the mouth from the throat and cover the entrance of the trachea. Biologists once picked up a hibernating hedgehog and put it in warm water for half an hour before seeing it wake up. Animal hibernation is really unique. Snails seal their shells with their own mucus. Most of them are. When winter comes, bears hibernate in the form of pupae or eggs, not adults or larvae. Bears breathe normally during hibernation and sometimes walk outside for a few days and then come back. When the female bear hibernates, snow will cover her body. Once she wakes up, there will be 1~2 innocent and lively cubs lying beside her, obviously offspring from hibernation. A hibernating person can sleep for more than 200 days, while the Soviet sable only hibernates for 20 days a year. Animal hibernation is a kind of protective behavior to the unfavorable environment. The main factors causing animal hibernation are the decrease of environmental temperature and the lack of food. Scientists have proved through experiments that animal hibernation will reduce the function of thyroid and adrenal gland. At the same time, the gonads develop normally. The antibacterial and disease-resistant ability of animals after hibernation is stronger than usual.

What animal hibernates?

Animal hibernation is a wonderful phenomenon. People observed several hibernating animals and found many unexpected phenomena.

In Canada, some mountain rat hibernate for half a year. When winter comes, they dig tunnels, get into caves and curl up. Their breathing gradually slowed down to almost stop, their pulse correspondingly became extremely weak, and their body temperature plummeted to 5℃. At this time, even if you kick it, there will be no reaction, just like death, but it is actually alive.

Squirrels sleep more dead. Someone once dug a hibernating squirrel out of a tree hole, and its head seemed to be broken. No matter how you shake it, you won't open your eyes, let alone walk. If you put it on the table, you can't wake it up with a needle. Only by heating it with a stove can it move leisurely and for a long time.

Hedgehogs almost stop breathing when they hibernate. It turns out that its larynx has a piece of cartilage, which can separate the mouth from the throat and cover the entrance of the trachea. Biologists once picked up the hibernating hedgehog and soaked it in warm water for half an hour before seeing it wake up.

Animal hibernation is really unique. Snails seal their shells with their own mucus. When winter comes, most insects hibernate in the form of pupae or eggs, not adults or larvae. Bears breathe normally when they hibernate, and sometimes they walk outside for a few days and then come back. When the female bear hibernates, snow will cover her body. Once he wakes up, there will be 1~2 innocent and lively bears lying beside him. Obviously, these cubs were born during hibernation.

Animals hibernate for different lengths of time. Marmots in Northeast Siberia and hedgehogs in China can sleep for more than 200 days at a time, while sable in the Soviet Union only hibernates for 20 days every year.

Animal hibernation is completely a protective action against the unfavorable environment. The main factors leading to animal hibernation are the decrease of environmental temperature and the lack of food. Scientists have proved through experiments that animal hibernation will lead to the decline of thyroid and adrenal function. At the same time, the gonads develop normally. After hibernation, animals' antibacterial and disease-resistant abilities have been enhanced. Obviously, hibernation is beneficial to them, which makes them more agile and have a stronger appetite when they wake up in the next spring, and all organs of the body will rejuvenate.

It can be seen that the muscles of the nervous system of animals still maintain full vitality during hibernation, but the metabolism is reduced to a minimum. Today, hypothermic anesthesia and hypnotherapy created by medical circles are inspired by this.

Birds and beasts in animals are warm-blooded animals like us, so how do cold-blooded animals and insects survive the long winter? Will many hibernating insects freeze to death?

After long-term observation and research, entomologists finally discovered some mysteries of insect overwintering. In winter, people should add antifreeze to prevent the radiator from freezing. In cold winter, insects will take similar measures to protect themselves. In winter, it is very important for insects to stay active and not be frozen. Once the living tissue is frozen, the expanding ice crystals will inevitably destroy the cell membrane and cause fatal trauma. When there is not enough liquid in the cell to maintain the enzyme activity necessary for life, even if it is not completely frozen, it will cause death. So, how do insects solve this problem? They mainly rely on lowering the freezing point of the liquid in the body, thus improving the cold resistance. The way is to produce "antifreeze" in large quantities.

How do insects make antifreeze? How to remove antifreeze after the weather gets warmer? Why do you want to remove antifreeze? These questions have not been answered until now.

It is worth adding that scientists have found that frogs can also make their own antifreeze. In the laboratory, scientists freeze many frogs and then thaw them slowly after 5~7 days. These frogs are still alive after thawing. After careful analysis and research, scientists found a substance commonly used in antifreeze: glycerol. Similar to insects, this substance can not be found in the liquid of these frogs in spring.

So far, people have not completely uncovered the mystery of animal hibernation. But scientists have realized through continuous exploration that studying animal hibernation is not only interesting, but also valuable.

What animals hibernate?

Hibernation is a sleep phenomenon. It is an adaptation of animals to unfavorable external environmental conditions (such as cold and lack of food) in winter. The main manifestations are inactivity, slow heartbeat, hypothermia and lethargy. Invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and many mammals (such as bats, hedgehogs, marmots, squirrels and jerboa) common in temperate and cold regions.

Hibernation can be divided into three stages: entering sleep, deep sleep and leaving sleep.

It takes about one to several days for the body temperature of sleeping animals to begin to drop to a stable temperature close to the ambient temperature. The external factor of falling asleep is mainly temperature. There are great differences in the upper limit of environmental temperature for various animals to sleep: bat is 24~28℃, hedgehog is about 27℃, weasel is 20~22℃, and hamster is 9~ 10℃. The supply of light, food and drinking water also affects sleep. The internal factor of falling asleep is mainly weight. It is generally believed that when animals gain weight rapidly, they have internal conditions for sleeping until they remain at a relatively high level. Otherwise, although the ambient temperature is low, animals will not sleep. After the body temperature is set close to the ambient temperature, you will go into a deep sleep.

The length of deep sleep is uncertain and usually lasts for several months. At this time, the physiological state has changed a lot. Breathing is obviously reduced, such as hedgehog's breathing movement, from 6~ 18 times per minute at room temperature to 1~3 times per minute (28~ 18℃). At this stage, intermittent (paroxysmal) breathing sometimes occurs, that is, there is a long pause after a short rapid continuous breathing. Unlike warm-blooded animals, intermittent breathing in hibernating animals is a normal physiological state. At the same time, the circulatory system has also undergone obvious changes, and the heart rate has slowed down extremely. The heart rate of hibernating bats dropped from 330~920 beats per minute to 30 beats per minute, hummingbirds dropped from 480~ 1200 beats per minute to 48 beats per minute, and ground squirrels dropped from 300 beats per minute to 4~7 beats per minute. At the same time, blood pressure is extremely low The blood pressure of hamsters and marmots decreased from 100 mm Hg at room temperature to 50 mm Hg, and that of hedgehogs decreased from 1 13 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg. At this time, the peripheral blood vessels are widely contracted, and only the most important chest organs and brain maintain a low level of blood circulation. This can save energy to the maximum extent and ensure the continuation of life activities. When the ambient temperature rises to a certain height, the sleeping animals will wake up quickly, their body temperature will rise, and the functions of various systems will return to normal (out of sleep).

The sleeping temperature of the sleeping hedgehog is about 6 ~ 9℃ (2 ~ 65438 05℃), and that of the weasel is about 65438 00℃. In addition to this spontaneous awakening, other external factors, such as electricity, machinery, cold or heat, chemistry and injection of drugs or hormones, can awaken hibernating animals. At the beginning of awakening, breathing changes from rhythmic to intermittent. After several paroxysmal breaths, it becomes rhythmic breathing, and the frequency is getting faster and faster. For example, hedgehogs can reach 60 times per minute, and then wake up and tend to be calm, becoming 36~40 times per minute. The heart rate also gradually accelerated to above normal level, and then returned to calm. This hyperactivity of breathing and heart rate is related to trembling and heat production at the beginning of awakening. At the same time, the blood vessels in the front of the body relax and strengthen the blood circulation of the heart, lungs and brain. After the front part of the body is rewarming, the blood vessels in the back part of the body begin to relax and rewarming quickly. Because of this active rewarming, the whole process only takes 1.5~2.5 hours, and the body temperature can be raised by more than 30 degrees, and it is completely awake.

During hibernation, animals are in a hibernating array state of alternating activity (normal temperature) and paralysis (low temperature). The activity period is about several hours to several days. Some kinds of animals excrete or eat during this period. Most kinds of animals do not eat, but regulate some physiological balance.

Hibernating animals don't eat or drink during the hibernation season of 100 days, because they have sufficient energy reserves and their metabolism is minimized, which is 1~2% of that of active animals. Its respiratory quotient is close to 0.7, and it mainly relies on oxidized fat to supply energy and water. Hibernating animals store 30~50% of their body weight during the fattening period, and most of them are concentrated under the skin, which not only provides energy but also keeps warm. The brown fat of hibernating animals is more than that of non-hibernating animals, and it decreases the most after hibernation. Endocrine glands once thought to be related to hibernation are called hibernation glands. It is closely related to the awakening of hibernating animals.

Bear sleeps

The frog got into the ground.

In the squirrel tree hole

Whenever the climate gets cold and food is scarce, many animals go into hibernation, stop eating and adjust their bodies, reduce their metabolism and keep their basal metabolic consumption low, so as to gain more living space and adapt to the ever-changing internal and external environment. So hibernation is a way for animals to adapt to bad environment in struggle for existence.

When animals hibernate, they will not starve to death if they don't eat for a winter. Because before hibernation, they have already begun to prepare for hibernation to get through this difficult period. The preparation work of these animals before hibernation is very special, that is, from summer, they gradually accumulate nutrients in their own bodies, which is enough to meet the basic metabolic consumption needed by the body during the whole hibernation process.

Although a lot of nutrients are accumulated in the body, the hibernation period lasts for several months. How can it be enough? It turns out that when animals hibernate, they don't eat or move, or rarely move, so the number of breaths decreases, the body temperature drops, the blood circulation slows down, the metabolism is weak, and the consumption of nutrients is relatively reduced, so the nutrients stored in the body are sufficient. When the nutrients stored in the body are almost used up, the hibernation period is over. After hibernation, animals look very thin. After waking up, they have to swallow a lot of food to supplement their nutrition, and they will return to normal as soon as possible.

Why do animals hibernate? How do those small animals spend the winter?

There are two main types of hibernating animals, and the main reasons for their hibernation are also divided into two types: one is the temperature-changing animals living in temperate or cold temperate zones, such as frogs and snakes. They hibernate because winter comes, they can't keep their body temperature within the range of normal activities, and they have to hibernate because they lose their activity ability; The other is mammals living in cold temperate zones, such as black bears and hedgehogs. They hibernate because winter comes, vegetation withers, rivers freeze, insects and other small animals hibernate or disappear, and they can't find enough food to maintain the normal heat demand in their living environment. Only by hibernating to reduce metabolism and heat consumption can they survive the long winter. Both big animals and small animals hibernate in caves.

Hibernation knowledge about animals

Some warm-blooded animals are inactive for a long time in winter and go to sleep with the decrease of body temperature and metabolic rate. In winter, the life activities of some animals are extremely reduced. It is a hibernating frog species, which is the adaptation of animals to unfavorable external environmental conditions (such as lack of food and cold) in winter. Bats, hedgehogs, polar squirrels, etc. Everyone has the habit of hibernating. Hibernation refers to some warm-blooded animals (mammals and birds) whose body temperature can drop to close to the ambient temperature (almost to 0℃) in cold winter, and the whole body is paralyzed. When the ambient temperature further decreases or increases to a certain extent, or other * * * *, its body temperature can quickly return to normal level. Hibernation is a "magic weapon" for warm-blooded animals to avoid the cold winter when food is scarce. You see, when winter comes, the hedgehog will shrink into the mud hole, curl up into a ball, eat nothing, hardly breathe, and its heartbeat is surprisingly slow, jumping only 10~20 times per minute. If you are immersed in water, you won't die for half an hour. When hibernating, the animal's nerves have entered a state of paralysis. Some people have done experiments with bees. When the temperature is 7~9℃, the wings and feet of bees stop moving, but they can still shake slightly when touched lightly. When the temperature drops to 4~6℃, touch it again and it doesn't respond at all. Obviously, it has entered a state of deep paralysis. When the temperature drops to 0.5℃, it goes into a deeper sleep state. It can be seen that the depth of nerve paralysis during hibernation is closely related to temperature. In addition, the body temperature of animals will drop significantly during hibernation. According to the research, squirrel * * releases 70 calories during the hibernation time of 130 days and nights, but after hibernation, it is 13.7 days and nights. Only 0.5 calories can be released every day and night, but when it wakes up excited, it can release 42 calories every day and night. Therefore, when the body temperature of hibernating animals drops, the metabolism in the body becomes very slow and can only sustain life. On the one hand, subcutaneous fat of animals can maintain body temperature, and more importantly, it can supply internal consumption during hibernation. The average animal's weight before hibernation is about 1 ~. Bats that hibernate 162 days can lose 33.5% weight. When hibernating animals hibernate, blood cells will be greatly reduced. There are 1 2180 white blood cells in the blood of a woodchuck at ordinary times, while there are only 5950 on average during hibernation. Surprisingly, however, although there are "guardians" in the body, some kinds of mammals, such as monotremes, marsupials, insectivores, Chiroptera, rodents and primates, as well as birds, such as brown swift and hummingbird, all hibernate. These animals are called hibernating animals. These animals are smaller, have higher metabolic rate, and consume more energy to maintain a constant body temperature than large warm-blooded animals. Animals such as bears and skunks will be paralyzed in winter, but it is easy to keep their body temperature from dropping or dropping a little. It is called a semi-hibernating animal. Heat-induced animals will also be paralyzed in winter, but their body temperature will passively change with the ambient temperature. When the temperature drops below the tolerable temperature, they will not be awakened, but will freeze to death. This behavior is completely different from hibernation of warm-blooded animals. This is called hibernation. The annual cycle of hibernating animals can be divided into non-hibernating season (breeding season) and hibernating season. The hedgehog in Beijing woke up at the end of March and immediately began to breed. 65438+1October-March is the hibernation season. At this time, animals crouch, do not eat or drink, and the metabolic rate is minimized. In these two seasons, the physiological state of animals is very different, but they are interdependent. In the late non-hibernation season, fattening stores energy for hibernation. In the late hibernation season, gonads begin to develop, and animals can reproduce immediately after sleeping. In non-hibernating season, hibernating animals, in hibernating season, body temperature is variable. Therefore, it is called a warm animal. In the non-hibernating season, the body temperature fluctuates by 2~5℃, while the body temperature of the non-hibernating animals close to it only fluctuates by about 0.5℃. In addition, hibernating animals have great tolerance to low temperature. The lethal hypothermia is 29~26℃ for human and 15 ~ 10 for rats. Even in ultra-cold state, if bats can still recover when they are extremely cold to -9℃, their body temperature will automatically rise to normal. This is an important feature that distinguishes warm-blooded animals from warm-blooded animals or warm-blooded animals.