Introduction of Hangzhou Bay Bridge?

Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a sea-crossing bridge across Hangzhou Bay in China. This is a spectacular sight. Thousands of designers, engineers and builders Qi Xin work together and cooperate sincerely. The bridge starts from Zhengjiadai, Haiyan, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province in the north and ends at Shuilu Bay, Cixi City, Ningbo City in the south. Hangzhou Bay Bridge is the second bridge across the sea and river after China's reform. You can cross this bridge from Ningbo to Shanghai.

The total length is 36 kilometers, which is 1 1 km longer than the King Fahd Bridge connecting Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. It once held the world record of the longest sea-crossing bridge in world record association, China, and now it is the third longest sea-crossing bridge in the world after Pontchartrain Lake Bridge in the United States and Jiaozhou Bay Bridge in Qingdao.

Hangzhou Bay Bridge was started in June 2003 +0 1, completed in June 2007 and opened to traffic in May 2008.

Brief introduction of bridge

Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a sea-crossing bridge across Hangzhou Bay, China. It starts from Zhengjiadai, Haiyan, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and ends at Shuilu Bay, Cixi, Ningbo, with a total length of 36 kilometers, which is1/km longer than the King Fahd Bridge connecting Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. It has become a world record candidate for the longest sea-crossing bridge in world record association, China, and the longest sea-crossing bridge in the world after Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge and Pontchartrain Lake Bridge in the United States.

Building parameters

Contractor: China Railway Corporation.

Start time: June 2003165438+1October 65438+April.

Deadline: June 26, 2005

Commencement date: May 0, 20061.

It includes: two-way six lanes

Province: Zhejiang Province

Span: Hangzhou Bay

Venue: Haiyan and Cixi, Jiaxing, Ningbo

Design Structure: Cross-sea Bridge

Maximum span: 325m.

Bridge width: 33 meters

Total length: 36 kilometers

Clear height under the bridge: 47 meters.

Toll: compact car 80 yuan.

Design speed: 100 km.

The total investment is about:11800 million.

Design service life: 100 years.

Latitude and longitude: 30 degrees and 27 minutes north latitude and 0/2/0/0.08 minutes east longitude.

design concept

Long bridge lying wave

First of all, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu adopted the concept of Wuyue culture. On the bridge type, the designer adopted the form of West Lake Su Causeway, which integrates transportation and sightseeing. In order to consider the hydrological environment characteristics of Hangzhou Bay, the design of "Long Bridge Sleeping Wave" outlines the plane of the bridge as an S-shaped curve. The beautiful and lively bridge shape makes drivers and passengers feel happy when driving and riding. And if you build a straight road, it is easy to cause visual fatigue.

Xiaqiaohe channel

Hangzhou Bay is one of the three strong tidal bays in the world, and typhoons and tornadoes formed by microclimate are chaotic in speed and direction. The design of "Long Bridge Sleeping Wave" is also based on the safety of the bridge. The designer specially reserved a passage for the strange tide in Qiantang and the passing ships. The entire 36-kilometer-long bridge has two underground passages with widths of 448 meters and 3 18 meters respectively. The clearance under the bridge is high and the flow speed is fast. The northern channel is reserved for ships of 35,000 tons, and the southern channel is reserved for ships of less than 3,000 tons. At the upper ends of these two navigation channels, there will be two sculptured bridge towers, namely the rhombic twin towers and the A-shaped single tower, which become two ups and downs in the "long bridge lying in waves" bridge type, and qiantang bore will naturally pass through.

offshore platform

At the south bank 14 km, an offshore platform similar to the East China Sea oil platform was built on a silted beach. During construction, it will serve as the intersection of north and south, which is convenient for logistics. After the construction, the platform will become a transfer station in the bridge integrating rescue, sightseeing and leisure. This platform is as big as two football fields, and a watchtower is planned on the platform. When the weather is fine, you can see the dock of Shuiluwan Village in Andong, Cixi in the south and Haiyan Zhengjiadai in the north. So this platform is not affected by trends.

Giant construction site

The characteristics of bridge architecture, Cixi is a big city that has been reclaimed for 800 years. From Tang Yi to 10 pond 20 12, the land in Tang Tang is flat. A flat beach will pave the way for tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of builders, so the Hangzhou Bay Bridge will be prefabricated, industrialized and large-scale. Finally, offshore construction is realized by building blocks.

Engineering difficulties

1. The project scale is large, and the offshore engineering quantity is large.

The total length of the bridge project is 36 kilometers, and the offshore section is 32 kilometers. The whole bridge has a total of 2.45 million cubic meters of concrete, 820,000 tons of various steel products,+03,565,438 steel pipe piles, 3,550 bored piles, 0/272 caps/kloc and 65,438 piers, and the project scale is huge.

2. Bad natural environment

The tidal range is large, the flow velocity is fast, the flow direction is chaotic, the waves are high, and the erosion is deep. In some areas, the soft soil layer is thick and the shallow gas is rich. Among them, the south bank 10 km beach area is dry and wet alternately, and most offshore projects are offshore operations, so the construction conditions are poor. Affected by hydrometeorology, there are few effective working days. According to on-site construction statistics, the annual effective days of offshore construction operations are less than 180 days, and the tidal flat area is about 250 days.

3. It is very difficult to make the overall design scheme.

The design requirements are new, in which the approach bridge in the underwater area (18.27km) and the approach bridge in the south bank beach area (10. 1km) are the key points of the whole project. The problem of structural corrosion protection is very prominent, and there is no standard to follow; In the process of bridge operation, the driving environment on the bridge deck is affected by unfavorable factors such as strong wind, dense fog, heavy rain and driver's visual fatigue. It is the key to ensure the driving safety on the bridge deck to adopt reasonable and effective design countermeasures. The design scheme involves the application of new materials, new processes and new technologies and the development of a number of large-scale special equipment.

In terms of construction technology, it faces many key construction challenges, such as overall prefabrication, transportation and erection of large-tonnage box girder in high pier area of offshore rapids, long-distance transportation and erection of large-tonnage box girder in wide beach area, design of super-long spiral steel pipe pile, anti-corrosion and pile sinking construction. In the aspect of measurement control, the deformation of structure measurement caused by the effect of super-long bridge length and earth surface is very prominent. Restricted by the marine environment, the traditional measurement methods can no longer meet the requirements of construction accuracy and progress. How to realize rapid and efficient survey construction with the help of GPS technology is the core technical problem that restricts the construction period of the whole bridge.

4. The construction goal is demanding, and the construction organization and operation management are difficult.

This large-scale bridge project has attracted worldwide attention. At the beginning of the construction, Ningbo Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government clearly put forward that the bridge project should be implemented according to the standard of "three first-class goals". Facing the complex construction environment and challenging projects, how to organize and manage the bridge project is a great challenge for the headquarters. Due to the large number of construction sites and long battle lines, there are synchronous and overlapping processes, which brings difficulties to organizing construction and controlling project quality, progress, safety and funds. How to take effective engineering control and operation management measures under meteorological and hydrological conditions such as typhoon, strong wind, spring tide, huge waves, rapids, heavy rain, fog and lightning is a new topic that needs to be faced in engineering management.

technical innovation

Overall design of Hangzhou Bay Bridge

The total length of Hangzhou Bay Bridge is 36 kilometers, and the construction conditions are very bad. In order to ensure the safety and quality of offshore construction, design and construction must be considered comprehensively. After many investigations and expert consultations at home and abroad, the general principles of construction decision-making design were formulated, and the offshore construction was changed to onshore construction as far as possible, and the design and construction principles of factory, large-scale and mechanization were adopted.

2. Complete sets of technologies for design, manufacture, anti-corrosion and construction of large-diameter and super-long steel pipe piles.

The steel pipe pile foundation of this bridge has the characteristics of long pile length, large diameter and large quantity. Piles are 89m long, with diameters of1.5m and1.6m, totaling 5474. Through nearly one year's construction of steel pipe pile foundation, the progress is fast and the quality is good, which proves that this choice is correct.

Its innovation points are: prefabrication of super-long whole pile; Internal and external spiral welding; Three layers of molten epoxy powder coating; Automatic submerged arc welding process: welding with large diameter and unequal wall thickness; Sacrificial anode cathodic protection.

3. Integral prefabrication of large-tonnage 70m prestressed box girder and erection technology of maritime transportation in strong tidal waters.

Its innovations are as follows: (1) The mix proportion of marine durable concrete is studied; Analysis of local structure of 70m box girder: Vacuum-assisted grouting technology: Vibration bridging equipment for long-span and high flatness bridge deck construction is developed. The early tensioning process was adopted for the first time and achieved good results. A world-class 2,400-ton hydraulic suspension wheel-rail 70-meter box girder longitudinal moving trolley was designed and manufactured by ourselves.

4. Precast and erection technology of large-tonnage 50-meter prestressed box girder.

Its innovation lies in: combining with the construction scheme, the key structure of large-tonnage whole-hole box girder is optimized; Research and practice of marine durable concrete performance: vacuum grouting test and practice of prestressed pipeline: comprehensive technology of box girder bridge erecting machine.

5. Study on durability of concrete structures in marine environment.

Its innovation lies in: (1) establishing reliable electrical parameters of steel bar corrosion and the change criterion of output optical power; Developing dynamic prediction software of concrete structure life; Formulate the design scheme of long-term original observation system for durability of bridge concrete structure, and cooperate with the implementation of the project schedule. This technology will fill the domestic gap.

6. Research on key technologies of all-weather operation survey control of cross-sea bridge.

Its innovations are: the continuous operation of GPS reference station, its successful application on Hangzhou Bay Bridge, and the rules and regulations formed in practice, which make up the gap of Chinese bridges; The coding of 20 12 is not suitable for the corresponding standards for establishing the projection coordinate system of dozens of kilometers long sea-crossing bridges. We should understand the Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge according to its particularity and provide reference for formulating corresponding specifications. The transition surface fitting method is creatively put forward, which makes the accuracy of GPS fitting elevation at sea reach the third-class accuracy. The continuous multi-span cross-sea elevation penetration survey is carried out by using the ranging triangle height method combined with GPS fitting height method, which creates a fast mid-sea elevation penetration survey method. A large-scale bridge surveying and mapping data management system based on B/S mode is developed by using GIS technology for the first time in China.

7. Study on the river model and pier local scour of Hangzhou Bay Bridge.

In August, 2002, through expert group appraisal, the research results reached the international advanced level, among which the simulation method and test technology of solid model tidal bore, distributed muddy water tidal system and Gaza system of sediment changing with tidal bore reached the international advanced level. In 2004, he won the second prize of Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award.

8. Study on the influence of disastrous weather on traffic safety of cross-sea bridge and its countermeasures.

The main innovations are: determining the wind speed standard for safe driving of vehicles; Conduct research on all types of disaster weather; Put forward the traffic safety guarantee measures of Hangzhou Bay cross-sea bridge; Systematic research based on meteorological monitoring system, forecasting system and road management system; Formulate road traffic control standards under different disaster weather conditions; Develop data acquisition equipment such as low-cost sensors; Develop computer software integrating data transmission, data processing and information release. A series of intermediate achievements have been made in 20 12, among which the wind barrier scheme recommended in the report will be put into practice soon.

9. Information management technology of cross-sea bridge construction

Its innovation lies in: the whole bridge structure is decomposed into 22,949 structural members, and 625 tables of collected data are associated with them, providing a complete structured data retrieval method; Integrate and unify engineering communication and network construction, greatly reducing the cost of basic network construction; Realize remote multipoint wireless video image transmission and loopback.

The software development of the system has been completed and put into operation for more than one year, which has played a great role in the project implementation.

Five of the above-mentioned scientific and technological innovation achievements have passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Communications, and the achievements have reached the international leading level in general, which provides reference for similar bridge construction in China.

10, new bridge expansion device technology

The LB multi-directional displacement bridge expansion device which won the second prize of national technological invention was adopted.

Its innovative features are: LB element multi-directional displacement bridge expansion device has been widely studied and practiced against the shortcomings of traditional modular and comb expansion devices, especially in the longitudinal, lateral and torsional displacement functions of suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges. With the aim of "safety, comfort, economy, durability and convenience", a new generation of bridge expansion device has been successfully developed, and its technology is at the international leading level.

For more exclusive information about the construction industry, please pay attention to the micro-signal of the construction network in real time.

For more information about bid writing and improving the winning rate, click on the bottom customer service for free consultation.