How to manage Zanthoxylum bungeanum for high yield?

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a shallow-rooted crop, with developed taproot and weak lateral fibrous root at seedling stage, developed fibrous root and weak taproot at late planting stage. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, warm and light-loving, waterlogging-resistant, fast-growing and early-fruiting, and has low environmental requirements, so it can be planted on most slopes and plains. After transplanting and planting, it can grow to more than 1 m in one year, blossom and bear fruit gradually in 2-3 years, reach high yield in 4-5 years, reach full fruit in 7-8 years, and the maximum life span of the tree can reach 30-40 years. As far as the growth cycle of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is concerned, generally, the tree body germinates in March, the fruit tree germinates in April, enters the flowering period in May, and the seeds mature and are picked in August-September, and the leaves begin to fall and gradually start to sleep in June at 5438+00, which is the peak growth period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in a year. In daily management, we should focus on pre-and post-event management of these three stages.

Many farmers grow pepper in their gardens or homes, and many farmers plan to grow pepper. In order to better help everyone grow peppers and produce high-yield and high-quality peppers, I will introduce the contents in turn as follows: ① Selection of pepper planting sites; ② Collection and storage of seeds; (3) seed treatment, sowing, germination and seedling raising before sowing; ③ Time and method of pepper transplanting; (4) flower and fruit protection and management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum; ⑤ Water and fertilizer management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum; ⑥ Pruning of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in different growth stages; ⑦ Common pests and diseases of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in growing period. That is to say, I will introduce a set of technical scheme and related operation steps of pepper planting management to you, hoping to help you.

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1. Selection of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting site: Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a great demand for light. It is required that the annual average sunshine should be no less than 1800 hours and the annual average temperature should be above 10 degrees. In addition, its roots are shallow, the main roots are underdeveloped after planting, and there are many lateral roots, so its waterlogging tolerance is poor. It is most suitable to choose a place with deep soil layer, loose soil, good fertility, warm sunshine, good drainage conditions and open and flat. In terms of soil PH, although it can grow normally in the PH range of 6.5-8, it grows best in the pH range of 7-7.5.

It is not suitable for planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum in mountainous areas or hilltops with poor soil, nor for planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum in plots with heavy soil viscosity or low-lying water accumulation.

In land consolidation, you can choose comprehensive land preparation, strip land preparation or block land preparation (flat land preparation method) according to your own planting habits, or you can carry out high-speed strip land preparation (hillside land preparation method, bandwidth 1 m, belt spacing of 2 m and 5 m) to prevent water accumulation or soil erosion in the later rainy season.

Second, the collection of pepper seeds Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be planted by itself or directly transplanted into wheat seedlings. Farmers who buy seeds directly to raise seedlings should choose those varieties with large seeds, uniform appearance, good yield, strong stress resistance, high environmental adaptability and convenient later management; For farmers who plan to sow their own seeds, they can choose Zanthoxylum bungeanum, which is about 10 years old and grows vigorously without pests and diseases, and grows in the sun from late August to early September. At this time, the seeds turn from green to red or a small amount of seed coat cracks. At this time, the development maturity is good and the seeds are full and substantial. When sowing in the later stage, the emergence rate is high, the emergence is fast and even.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum bears scattered fruit, and the fruit is small, so it is more troublesome to pick it alone. When picking seeds, you can cut the ear with scissors, then spread it in a cool, dry and ventilated environment for a day or two (don't be exposed to high temperature), and turn it 1 time every morning and evening, which can not only promote the more even dehydration and drying of the ear, but also make the ear picking and peeling in one step, which is more relaxed and orderly.

3. Storage of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds If Zanthoxylum bungeanum is planted in autumn, there is generally no need for a particularly complicated storage method. However, if it is sown in spring, due to the long interval between autumn harvest and spring sowing, during this period, the germination rate of seeds may be reduced for various reasons, so proper storage of seeds is an essential means. Among the storage methods of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, I will introduce several small methods to you:

The first one: put the new dried seeds into a jar with a cover, and then find a dry, cool and ventilated room to store them.

The second type: after the sun-dried seeds are evenly mixed with sand, they are made into thick mud cakes with appropriate amount of water, and stored in a dry, ventilated and cool room after air drying.

The third type: mix the sun-dried seeds evenly according to the ratio of 1 seed and 4 plant ash, then add a small amount of water to mix evenly and store, but pay attention to keep the seeds moist.

Third, the germination method of pepper seeds Pepper seeds are oily, with a thick seed coat and a waxy layer outside. If they are directly sown, the seeds are not easy to absorb water, and the germination rate is relatively low. Therefore, seed treatment must be carried out in advance before sowing. The specific method is as follows:

The first method: 2-3 weeks before sowing, choose a sunny place to pile the seeds into a seed pile with a height of 25-30 cm, then spray a proper amount of water to wet the seeds and cover them with a film to accelerate germination. In the process of accelerating germination, pay attention to turning the pile 1-2 times a day, and sow when more than 70% of the seeds are exposed.

The second method: Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 70℃ for 12 hours, and then soak them in alkaline water (1 kg of alkaline surface) to rub off the wax on the surface of the seeds. Finally, wash it with clean water and put it in an environment of about 20-22 degrees to accelerate germination.

The third method: soak the seeds in alkaline water for 24-48 hours until the surface of the seeds is less than 1 cm, then scrub off the wax on the surface of the seeds, take them out to dry, and then accelerate germination until the seeds turn white.

Fourth, the purchase of pepper seedlings Some farmers often choose to buy seedlings directly because they can't raise seedlings or in order to save time. When selecting seedlings, we must choose high-quality strong seedlings that meet the standards. The height of seedlings is uniform, the root system is developed (short taproot and many lateral fibrous roots), the stems are thick and straight, the branches are slightly lignified, the terminal buds are full, and each seedling has no pests and mechanical damage.

In order to ensure the survival rate and growth after transplanting and planting, it is suggested to go to a local special seedling base to buy pepper seedlings, and never buy them cheaply and conveniently online, otherwise you will naturally be cheated!

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Seeding and seedling raising of Zanthoxylum bungeanum As mentioned above, Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be sown in spring or autumn. The sowing methods of Zanthoxylum bungeanum can be divided into three categories: hole sowing, strip sowing and transplanting, and the sowing amount per mu is about 7- 10 kg.

When sowing in spring, when the soil temperature under the topsoil 10 cm is stable above 10 degrees, the sowing time is from mid-March to mid-April when the seedlings begin to germinate; Autumn sowing should be carried out before and after defoliation of seedlings before soil freezing in winter, preferably around 10. Pay attention to covering grass felt or building a small arch shed to keep warm after sowing.

However, no matter which period of sowing, we should dig deep into the land before sowing, border and water it after fertilization. After sowing, cover with plastic film or grass felt for heat preservation and moisture retention, so as to promote the germination and emergence of seeds as soon as possible.

The management of pepper seedlings after sowing usually takes 30-40 days to emerge, but the emergence time of spring sowing is about ten days later than that of autumn sowing. When the seedlings grow to a height of 5- 10 cm, weed twice (the distance between seedlings is about 10 cm), and when the seedlings grow to 70-80 cm, topdressing appropriate amount of urea or spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+brassinolide twice (spraying every 10 days or so 1 0).

Sixth, the transplanting and planting of pepper For pepper, it is necessary to dig deep and shallow when transplanting, and the bottom flat nest is large, and it is necessary to re-apply base fertilizer and rich soil to fill the nest. When using fertilizer, farmyard manure and fertilizer should be mixed with soil evenly before use to prevent root burning and seedling injury.

Generally, it is necessary to dig a pit, fertilize and backfill in advance last autumn. When transplanting and planting in the spring of the following year, dig a pit, bury seedlings, turn over the tray and fill the soil in the original pit. However, in autumn, because of the dry weather, root soaking can be used to improve the survival rate of transplanting.

Before transplanting and planting, the nursery water should be thoroughly watered 3-5 days in advance, and after the water completely penetrates into the ground, the seedlings should be raised with soil to prevent the root system of seedlings from being damaged during seedling raising, thus reducing the survival rate after planting.

In order to ensure the survival rate, some branches and leaves should be cut off properly to reduce water evaporation and remove some damaged roots. The length of taproot should be kept at about 25 cm, and then the seedlings should be bundled and transported to the planting site for use.

When planting, the litter and soil are evenly mixed at the bottom of the pit and compacted, then the seedlings are planted in into the pit and the soil is backfilled. Finally, pour enough water into the pit tray, and then seal the tree tray with soil to prevent the ground from cracking and losing water.

As for the planting density of young Zanthoxylum bungeanum, in general, in order to ensure the ventilation and light transmission and convenient management in the garden, it can be planted according to the method of 1 10, with the plant spacing 1.5-2 m X2-3 m and the pit length, width and depth of 0.5-0.6 m respectively. Plots with good soil quality and high fertility can be planted at the density of11kloc-0/20 plants per mu, while plots with poor soil quality and high fertility can be planted at the density of 150- 160 plants per mu. In addition, the planting density depends on the variety of pepper.