Where are the ruins of Troy! ?

Today's Sisalik is completely different from the Nibao Mountain that Sheriman began to dig in 1870. Nowadays, the huge wooden horse rebuilt in front of the entrance of the Trojan Archaeological Area has become one of the most important cultural landscapes in Turkey.

Troy

-Troy was excavated from Greek mythology

Country: Turkey

Chinese name: archaeological site of troy.

Archaeological site of troy is located in Sisalik, 40km south of canakkale, the main port of the Turkish Da Daniil Strait. UNESCO listed it as a cultural heritage in the World Heritage List 65438-0998.

Today's Sisalik is completely different from the Nibao Mountain that Sheriman began to dig in 1870. Nowadays, the huge Trojan horse rebuilt in front of the entrance of the Trojan Archaeological Area has become one of the most important cultural landscapes in Turkey, attracting thousands of tourists from all over the world every year.

In the 8th century BC, the Greek poet Homer wrote two epics, Heriat and Odyssey. These two epics are the treasures of world culture and the important spiritual wealth and cultural heritage left by the ancient Greeks to future generations. Hiriart is about the Trojan War. The cause of the war was that Paris, the son of Priam, lured away the wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta in Greece, and the most famous beauty in Greece. King Sparta told his brother Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, in order to recapture his beloved wife, so Agamemnon came forward to organize the allies of Greek city-states, personally served as commander-in-chief, led a huge fleet of more than 1000 warships, and crossed the sea to attack Troy, thus the Trojan War broke out.

Greek soldiers besieged Troy for ten years, but they still couldn't occupy the city. Later, Odysseus, the most resourceful hero in the Greek army, came up with a clever plan. They built a huge Trojan horse, which contained an ambush, and then the whole army retreated. After Troy dragged Troy's horse into the city, the horse lying in ambush in Troy broke out quietly in the middle of the night and opened the city gate. The Greeks attacked Troy from the inside, and then burned the bustling city of Troy before leaving.

In the heyday of ancient Greek civilization (700 BC ~ 200 BC), the Trojan War was regarded as a period of early Greek history, and Troy was also called the place where the ancient Greeks won brilliant victories. Among the later famous Greek historians, Herodotus and Thucydides believed that Homer's story was completely true. They believe: as described in Hiriart, which eggplant is it? What is your face like? O Jun: Have you run out? Don't talk like a cockroach? Holding the plague and saying you have diarrhea? Yibao? What is the cool fitness rate? What's the point? Private? A ship is wandering around? Why don't you do something? Spying? Title? The tomb plate has stumbled? Hey? Huan? After the Romans left Asia Minor in 100, New Troy was abandoned. So far, no one can know exactly where it is.

As time goes by, with the change of time, the world gradually forgets these historical legends. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, Hiriart and Odyssey were still regarded as the early classics of human literature, but only as illusory myths or legends. Historians can only trace the ancient Greek civilization back to the 8th century BC. Trojan wars are no longer regarded as history, and people no longer believe that they really existed. But they think it is not credible because it was compiled according to many wars between BC 1500 and BC 1200.

Only the German archaeologist Henry Sheriman, who was fascinated by Homer's epic since childhood, didn't think so.

1870, after years of preparation, 47-year-old Sheriman took his new wife to the Aegean coast of Anatolia, Xi 'an, and today's Sisalik, Turkey, to visit the ruins of the ancient castle he dreamed of for 40 years.

His "guide" is none other than the epic author Homer! He regards Heriat and Odyssey as history, not just literary biographies. To the world's surprise, under the guidance of Homer's epic, Sheriman not only proved that the Greek occupation of Troy was a historical fact with the Trojan horse plan, but also excavated the ruins of Troy that had been lost for more than 2,000 years, found the "Priam Treasure", and found the tomb of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, in a valley in the Peloponnesian Peninsula, which opened the underground treasure house buried for 3,000 years, thus opening the most brilliant scene in the history of world archaeology.

1in April, 870, Sheriman began to dig on the West Salik Mountain. Soon, he found an ancient city wall made of huge stones, located 4.5 meters below the surface. A year later, he came back here and made more discoveries. 1872, Sherman found 100 local workers to help him. What they excavated was not an ancient city, but the remains of some cities, one built on top of the other. Obviously, after a city is destroyed, another city is built on its ruins. Excavators found more fragments of city walls, tanks and pottery. Is this Troy?

1June, 873, Sheriman found a batch of precious cultural relics near the circular wall near the Trojan Palace. Among them, the most precious are two gorgeous gold crowns, as well as gold bracelets, high-legged gold cups, high-legged amber cups, gold earrings, gold buttons, small perforated gold bars, silver and copper vases and bronze weapons. Sheriman wept with joy, convinced that he had found the treasure of Priam, the legendary last king of Troy.

After Schliemann's death, his colleague, the German archaeologist William Derfeld, continued to dig here. According to the latest excavation materials, the city was formed from 2500 BC to 2200 BC. This was earlier than the legendary Trojan War 1000 years.

Later, Carl Bragan, an American archaeologist, and recently famous experts such as coffman spent many years in further excavation and research. After a long period of excavation, people found that in the ruins of Troy, ancient cities belonging to nine eras actually overlap:

1 ~ 5 layers correspond to the early bronze age, 6 and 7 layers belong to the middle and late bronze age, and 8 and 9 layers belong to the early iron age.

Troy was originally a small castle with a diameter of more than 90 meters. With stone walls and gates, it is a fortified castle for local farmers and villagers to avoid disasters at dangerous times.

The second floor of Troy is built on top of the first floor of Troy, which is called Troy 2 by historians. It is a larger and richer castle with a diameter of over120m. There are palaces and other buildings in the city. In a library in Wang Jiabao, archaeologists also found many gold and silver jewelry and bronzes, stone tools and bones. The ancient city was destroyed by fire, which made Sheriman mistakenly think that this was Homer's Troy.

The next three floors of the city are bigger than the original. There are many new tenants on the sixth floor. This wall is very strong and has been expanded many times.

It is 540 meters long and has at least four doors. There are many platforms for noble houses in the city. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1300 BC.

On the next floor, the 7-story Troy was looted and burned in BC 1250. Historians can know this time because they can accurately date the Mycenae ceramics imported at that time. Most historians believe that the 7th floor of Troy is a legendary city, and war stories of Troy took place during the reign of King Priam. Later, Troy B did not exist for a long time and was abandoned in 1 100 BC. In the following centuries, it became an empty city.

The eighth Troy was built in the early 7th century BC, when the Greeks on the nearby island of Lemnos reoccupied it and prospered for many years.

Finally, the Romans plundered the city in 85 BC and established the ninth city, Troy, which was the last city recognized by archaeologists. Around 400 AD, the city was abandoned and remained the same until Sherman rediscovered it.

Although most scholars think that Sheriman's judgment on the age of Troy he excavated is not accurate enough, there is no doubt that this site was first identified and excavated by him. The ancient city of Troy has seen the light of day again, and the credit should be ranked first.

However, it is said that after Sheriman excavated the "Trojan treasure", he did not report it to the Turkish authorities, but transported them to Greece. When the news came out, it immediately caused an uproar. The Turkish government strongly demanded the return of this treasure, while the Greek government dared not accept this treasure under the pressure of the Turks. Finally, Sherman had to send them to his own country, Germany, and store them in the National Museum in Berlin.

In the late World War II, Soviet troops approached Berlin, and all German art treasures (including Troy's gold treasures) were packed and hidden in underground bunkers. But by the end of World War II, these priceless treasures had mysteriously disappeared.

Therefore, some archaeologists began to doubt whether the treasure hunt described by Sheriman was true. After studying Sheriman's article, I found that his wife was not at the scene of excavating these treasures. Some scholars believe that this treasure collection is not an excavation, but a large number of small treasures excavated by Sheriman at different levels and locations of the site, which will be collected together in the future and declared as "Priam Treasure" in order to more strongly render the sensational effect of this rare archaeological discovery.

It was not until1April, 996 that "Trojan Treasure" was rediscovered in Pushkin Museum. In order to ensure the safety of these treasures, the museum has taken strict protection measures. These treasures are displayed in 19 windows, and a guard is arranged next to each window, which only receives 800 ~ 1000 visitors every day.

At present, Turkey, Greece, Germany and Russia all claim the ownership of this treasure. It seems that this battle for treasure, known as the second Trojan War, will be protracted.

From the perspective of world heritage, the mystery of Troy is far from being solved.

No matter what floor the archaeologists identified the archaeological site of Troy as, neither Sheriman nor anyone after him found reliable evidence to prove that it was Troy in Homer's epic. According to the evidence collected by archaeologists, the sixth and seventh floors are quite consistent with the Trojan described by Homer in some details, but the remains of these two floors are extremely poor, far less magnificent than those described by Homer in Heriat. Troy written by Homer is a magnificent city with tall walls and gates. He also specifically mentioned that the Western Wall in Troy was not well built. Later, it was discovered by archaeology that the wall of Troy on the fifth floor was more than 4 meters thick, and some sections were as high as 9 meters, but the wall in the west section was really poorly built. So some people suspect that Troy in Homer's epic is on the fifth floor.