Weather in Weidu District of Xuchang

Yecheng is a famous ancient capital of China, especially during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Six dynasties, namely Cao Wei, Hou Zhao, Yan Qian, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, successively established their capitals here. It is precisely because of the central position of Yecheng in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties that the research on the favorable factors of Yecheng's central position in this period can not be ignored. This paper will start from three aspects: geographical factors, economic factors and political environment, hoping to make some supplements. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, six dynasties, namely Cao Wei, Hou Zhao, Wei Ran, Yan Qian, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, successively established Yecheng as their capital, which made Yecheng develop greatly during this period. Let's start with Cao Wei. Yecheng was once Yuan Shao's sphere of influence. Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, then moved to Yecheng and began to build Yecheng, which gradually became the center of Cao Cao's power. After the demise of Cao Wei, Yecheng became the place where the rulers of the Western Jin Dynasty detained the remnants of Cao Wei, and was in a very embarrassing position. It was not until the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty that Yecheng became active in people's sight again, because the post-Zhao attached importance to Yecheng as the strategic center of governing Hebei. After Shi Hu ascended the throne, he officially moved his capital to Yecheng, which eventually became the political center of the post-Zhao Dynasty. After Shi Hu's death, the post-Zhao ruling group was in chaos, and Shi Hu's adopted son Ran Min finally proclaimed himself, with the title of Dawei (also known as), still taking Yecheng as its capital. However, Ran Min's narrow ethnic policy led to the resistance of people of all ethnic groups. At the same time, the Xianbei nationality, which originated in the northeast, rose rapidly. Their leader Murong Juan led the army to attack Wei Ran, and Ran Min was captured. Since then, Wei Ran has perished. After Murong Juan was destroyed, he changed his country name to Yan, and moved his capital to Yecheng in 357 AD, which was called Beiyan in history. However, due to the decline of Yan Qian's national strength, only fourteen years later, Yan Qian was destroyed by Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty, and Yecheng lost its status as the capital again. After the Six Towns Rebellion in the Northern Wei Dynasty, powerful people rose up in succession. Gao Huan rose up, took Yuan as the emperor, established the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and made Yecheng its capital. Yecheng has once again become the political center of the country. After Gao Huan's son Gao Yang established the Northern Qi Dynasty, his capital was Yecheng. This time Yecheng was the capital city, which lasted from the establishment of the Eastern Wei Dynasty to the demise of the Northern Qi Dynasty. This period can be said to be the most prosperous period in Yecheng. After the Northern Zhou Dynasty perished in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Yecheng completely lost its status as the national capital, and the rise and fall of the ancient capital Yecheng disappeared from the history books. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Yecheng became the capital city several times, and some factors affected its status as the capital city. This article will discuss from three aspects: geographical factors, economic factors and political environment. The scope of Yecheng roughly includes the northern suburb of Anyang City, Henan Province and the western area of Linzhang County, Hebei Province. Yecheng rejects Zhanghe River in the north, Liyangjin River in the south and Taihang Mountain in the west. Gu Zuyu called Yecheng "the mountains and rivers are dangerous and the original place is flat" [1], which is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and is very suitable as the capital or important town of a dynasty. There are many rivers around Yecheng. The Yellow River, Zhanghe River and Huanshui provide abundant water resources for Yecheng, which meets the needs of urban development, not only benefits the development of agriculture, but also solves the water problem, making Yecheng more qualified as a national capital. Especially in this period, the Yellow River still follows the river course after Wang Jing ruled the river in the Eastern Han Dynasty, providing a prerequisite for the development of the Yellow River Basin. [2] The traffic in Yecheng is very convenient, and it developed as early as the Qin and Han Dynasties. Mr. Shi Nianhai mentioned seven important traffic routes in Qin and Han Dynasties in his "Domestic Traffic Routes in Qin and Han Dynasties" [3], that is, the northbound route passed through Handan, Guo Xiang, Calm, Lunu, Zhuoxian and Jixian, which was the eastern line of the border expedition in Han Dynasty; The southbound road is from Jing Dynasty in Jixian County to Xuchang in Weinan; The southwest road passes through the southwest of Jixian County, Huai County and Wenxian County, and it can reach Luoyang, the capital of Wei. The southeast road runs through Anyang to the southeast, and can contact the counties in the south of Mount Tai through Huaiyang to Qiaoxian. The eastbound highway passes through Qiuqiu, Guantao and Qinghe to the plain, connecting Qingzhou; Westbound road passes through Wucheng, Cixian, Jiaokou to Shangdang, and north to Jinyang; The eastbound waterway can lead to the sea along Zhangshui. It can be seen that the key role of Yecheng in the traffic line also makes Yecheng's military role stand out and become a battleground for military strategists. In terms of climate, the climate in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties experienced a remarkable process of turning cold, belonging to a typical cold period with more extreme weather. According to Mr. Zhu Kezhen's research, as early as the Cao Cao period in the Three Kingdoms, the phenomenon of planting orange flowers without substance appeared in Tongquetai. [4] But it cannot be ignored that the cold period of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties preceded the warm period of Qin and Han Dynasties. Although the temperature dropped during this period, according to Mr. Ge Quansheng's research, the average temperature in eastern and central China in 220 -350 AD was only about 0.5 degrees Celsius lower than it is now [5], so the cold climate will not have a great impact on Yecheng. The economic foundation determines the superstructure, and the economic development level of a region is an important reference factor to judge the development of the region. When introducing the traffic situation of Yecheng, it is mentioned that Yecheng played an important role in the traffic during the Qin and Han Dynasties. After hundreds of years of development, transportation is more convenient, which also provides favorable conditions for economic development. Moreover, according to Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi, there are many people who advocate profits in Hebei, which also makes Hebei's business style strong. The rise of commerce is bound to be accompanied by the development of cities and towns. Yecheng is in this atmosphere, and economic development will inevitably benefit from it, thus promoting local social and economic development. In agriculture, Yecheng is located in the plain area, which is suitable for agricultural management. Moreover, there are many rivers around Yecheng, such as Zhanghe, which solves the problem of agricultural irrigation water. Moreover, according to the biography of the Three Kingdoms Cui Yan, "Taizu broke the Yuan family, led Jizhou to graze, and made Yan a different driver, saying,' Yesterday, the household registration was 300, so it was a big state. [6] From this, we can at least know that the labor force in Yecheng area was relatively rich during the Three Kingdoms period. Every dynasty with its capital in Yecheng forced the people to move to Yecheng in order to prosper the capital, and at the same time solved the labor problem needed for agricultural production. For Yecheng, which was in the troubled times of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the development of agriculture made its position more prominent. Coupled with the development of social economy, the two promote each other, making Yecheng's position more important and becoming the focus of various political forces. The geographical location and convenient transportation in the hinterland of the Central Plains determine that Yecheng will inevitably become a stage for various political forces to compete, so the political situation in Yecheng is particularly complicated. As early as the Jian 'an period of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Yecheng was discovered by Yuan Shao, who developed his own power here, which was also the first step in the rise of Yecheng, and so was Cao Cao. However, the good times did not last long. After Sima changed the regime of Cao Wei, Yecheng gradually became silent and became the place where Sima detained the political forces of Cao Wei. After Zhao made Yecheng its capital, the Yecheng rebellion ended. The post-Zhao Dynasty was a political power established by ethnic minorities, who integrated new political forces into Yecheng. So did Wei Ran, Beiyan and the Eastern Wei Dynasty. The rulers of the Northern Qi Dynasty were Han Chinese influenced by Xianbei people, so they also reflected the colors of ethnic minorities, making Yecheng more complicated. The adherents of various dynasties gathered here, and various forces were intertwined, which made the political environment of Yecheng particularly complicated. But it is precisely because of this that Yecheng is more valued by various political forces and has room for sustainable development. Yecheng had a very important historical position in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The core geographical location, convenient transportation, abundant water resources and pleasant climate are all favorable conditions for Yecheng, which provided an important prerequisite for Yecheng to build its capital in previous dynasties. The prosperity of social economy and the development of agriculture are the boosters to promote the development of Yecheng. Various political forces attach importance to Yecheng, and the existence of various political forces in Yecheng makes Yecheng's political status more prominent. From Yecheng, we can get a lot of enlightenment to the development of modern cities, such as the influence of the traffic lines where the city is located on a city, which will also play a certain enlightening role in our future research. Source: file