What are the common geographical phenomena in life?

What are the common geographical phenomena in life? (1) Why is there frost in sunny nights in China?

In the mid-latitude areas with four distinct seasons in China, from late autumn to early spring of the following year, it is the time around beginning of winter, and the temperature can generally drop below 0℃ at night. On a clear night, because there is no cloud, the ground heat dissipates quickly. In the first half of the night, due to the large amount of heat stored on the ground during the day, the temperature is generally not easy to drop below 0℃. Especially in the middle of the night and before dawn, the ground emits a lot of heat, but the heat compensated by atmospheric radiation is very little, and the temperature drops rapidly. When the temperature drops below 0℃, the water vapor in the air near the ground adheres to the clods, stones, leaves, vegetation, low tiles and other objects on the ground and condenses into ice crystal frost. So there is a peasant proverb "It's sunny in first frost". If the temperature drops below 0℃ and there is no water vapor near the ground, it will not condense into hoarfrost, but the crops are still frozen, which farmers call "black frost". If it turns cloudy and cloudy at night, the inverse radiation of the cloud can continuously compensate for the loss of ground heat, and the temperature is not easy to drop below 0℃, so it will not frost. So frost usually appears on a clear night.

(2) What kind of weather is best for watching fireworks?

In such grand festivals as National Day and May Day, people always hope that it won't rain, and clear blue sky is the best. Because on this night, there is often a fireworks show that everyone is waiting for. In fact, the cloudless blue sky in Wan Li is not the best meteorological condition for setting off fireworks. The cloudless sky in Wan Li is like a black hole, so it is difficult to set off a strong fireworks effect. The best meteorological conditions for viewing fireworks are: there are more scattered low clouds and cumulus clouds, the height of cloud bottom is about 1000 meters, the relative humidity is above 70%, the water vapor is more, the wind force is less than 3, and the visibility is more than 6 kilometers. It doesn't matter whether it is raining or foggy in Mao Mao.

Fireworks are set off in the above-mentioned meteorological background, and through the scattering and refraction of small water droplets in the cloud, an unexpected brilliant background can be set off, reaching a dreamy and hazy state. Coupled with the repeated reflection of sound waves by clouds, the reverberation time is prolonged, and it is easier to swallow mountains and rivers when heaven and earth sing.

Geography is a comprehensive subject, which is widely used in production and life.

Such as: topography, climate, water, soil, biology (plants, animals)

The layout of industry, agriculture and other industries and cities.

What are the common geographical phenomena in life? There are many geographical phenomena, such as the rise of the sun, moon and stars, the change of day and night, the change of seasons, the change of rain, snow and hail, the change of the shadow length of objects, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse and temperature.

What are the common physical and geographical phenomena in life, such as rain, snow, frost and rime?

The most common natural phenomenon in life is precipitation, which can be divided into two types: one is liquid precipitation, that is, rain; The other is solid precipitation, which is snow or hail. Snow is one of the most extensive, universal and main forms of atmospheric solid precipitation. There are many kinds of atmospheric solid precipitation, including beautiful snowflakes, hail that can cause great harm, and snow graupel and ice particles that we don't often see.

Atmospheric solid precipitation can be divided into ten types: snow flakes, star-shaped snow flakes, columnar snow crystals, needle-shaped snow crystals, multi-branched snow crystals, axial snow crystals, irregular snow crystals, graupel, ice particles and hail. The first seven kinds are collectively called snow. Why can't the last three be called snow? It turns out that there are two processes for gaseous water vapor to become solid water. One is that water vapor first becomes water, and then water condenses into ice crystals. Another is that water vapor directly becomes ice crystals without water. This process is called water condensation. Therefore, snow is solid precipitation formed by condensation of water vapor in the sky.

Graupole: In summer, in mountainous areas, there are often many supercooled water droplets frozen around the crystal nucleus, forming a white, dull round particle. Meteorology calls this kind of thing graupole, and in many places it is popularly called rice snow or snow graupole. Generally, the diameter of graupel is between 0.3 and 2.5 mm, which is brittle and easy to break. Polonium does not belong to the category of snow, but it is also a kind of atmospheric solid precipitation.

Ice particles and hail, in summer, in the northern plain, we often encounter two other kinds of atmospheric solid precipitation, namely ice particles and hail. Ice particles and hail are relatively large translucent ice beads formed by flowing water droplets freezing around condensation nuclei layer by layer. Meteorology, the particle size less than 5 mm is called ice particles, and the particle size greater than 5 mm is called hail. Hail brings great harm to agricultural production. According to records, the largest hail in the world is bigger than a fist, with a diameter of over 1 0cm and a weight of over1kg.

Frost, rain and fog, in addition to atmospheric solid precipitation, another kind of "ground growth type" solid precipitation often appears on the ground, which is frost, rain and fog. Although these solid precipitation are not atmospheric solid precipitation, they are only formed by condensation, crystallization and freezing of surface water vapor. But these solid precipitation also have a great impact on human production activities.

Everyone is familiar with frost, which often reduces agricultural production. In order to avoid freezing injury, people have made painstaking efforts. Rain and fog are not very friendly to human beings. They usually appear on high mountains. In supercooled weather, when tiny raindrops or fog drops hit the surface of a severely cooled object, they form rain and fog on it.

Topography: Due to crustal movement, the special diameter of the surface is different, such as mountains, plains, canyons and fault zones. . .

Climate: Monsoon from the South Pacific brings rainfall to many places in China. If you encounter a cold current in Siberia, it will become a high-pressure subtropical climate.

Weather: Strong convective weather leads to large-scale rainfall.

Rivers: creating deltas. .

What are the common geographical phenomena in life? So how did this happen? Solve the problem of water flowing downwards.

changing

Sunrise and sunset

Clear and round

What are the common discount phenomena in life? Adult pants, one in 20 yuan. Cotton socks, 10 yuan 8 pairs. Leather shoes, sports shoes, travel shoes and all kinds of shoes are made in 23 yuan. Not to mention down jackets, they are all thirty-five pieces. At that time, my brother and I went to buy down jackets and found 35 1 piece. My brother wants to buy them all. I said to him, "No, it's cheap." As a result, one person bought one. Hey! Not to mention, it's really warm, but a little fat, which makes people look a bit like a little old man. Indeed, cheap things are not good.

There are many more, such as electronic products.

Laptop computer, one in 800 yuan. Price of a 25-inch desktop LCD computer 1000 yuan. ...

Is the cold wave a geographical phenomenon? Find some common geographical phenomena similar to typhoons in life. This is a meteorological disaster. Cold wave is a kind of disastrous weather in winter, and people are used to calling it cold wave. The so-called cold wave refers to the cold air from high latitudes, which rapidly strengthens under certain weather conditions and invades the middle and low latitudes, causing severe cooling, strong winds and rainy and snowy weather along the way. When this cold air reaches a certain standard, it is called a cold wave. (from Baidu Encyclopedia)

Common geographical phenomena: sandstorm, dry morning, blizzard, landslide, debris flow, typhoon, flood, etc.

Hope to adopt.

What are the common psychological phenomena in life? Psychological effect 1: overrun effect.

Mark Twain, a famous American writer, once listened to a priest's speech in church. At first, he felt that the pastor spoke very well and made people move, so he prepared to donate money. 10 minutes later, before the priest finished speaking, he got a little impatient and decided to donate only some small change. After another 10 minute, the priest hasn't finished yet and decided not to donate 1 minute. When the priest finally finished his long speech and began to raise money, Mark Twain got angry. Instead of donating money, he stole money from 2 yuan.

This psychological phenomenon caused by too much, too strong and too long is called "overrun effect".

Overlimit effect often appears in family education. For example, if a child makes a mistake, parents will repeatedly criticize the same thing once, twice, three times or even four or five times, which will make the child from guilt to impatience and even disgust. If you are "forced", you will have the rebellious psychology and behavior of "I insist on this".

It can be seen that the mother's criticism of the child should not exceed the limit, and she should "make a mistake and criticize only once". If you have to criticize again, don't simply repeat it. We should put it another way. In this way, children will not feel that the same mistake has been "caught", and boredom and rebellious psychology will be reduced.

Psychological effect 2: Rosenthal effect

Rosenthal, a famous American psychologist, once did such an experiment:

He randomly divided a group of mice into group A and group B, and told the breeder of group A that the mice were very clever. At the same time, he told the breeder of group B that the mice in his group had average intelligence. A few months later, the professor tested two groups of mice crossing the maze, and found that the mice in group A were actually smarter than those in group B. They could get out of the maze first and find food.

So Professor Rosenthal was inspired. He wants to know whether this effect will also happen to people. He came to an ordinary middle school, walked casually in a class, and then circled a few names on the list of students, telling their teachers that these students had high IQ and were very smart. After a while, the professor came to this middle school again, and the miracle happened again. The students he chose have really become the best in the class now.

Why is this happening? It is the magic of "hint" at work.

Everyone will accept psychological hints in one way or another in life, some of which are positive and some are negative. Mother is the child's favorite, most trusted and most dependent person, and also the person who gives psychological hints. If it is a long-term negative and bad psychological suggestion, it will affect the child's mood and even seriously affect the child's mental health. On the contrary, if a mother places high hopes on her child, gives positive affirmation, moistens her child's mind through expectant eyes, approving smiles and encouraging words, and makes her child more self-respecting, self-loving, self-confident and self-reliant, then how high your expectations are, how great your child's future achievements will be!

Psychological effect 3: barrel effect

The "barrel" effect means that the amount of water in a barrel with uneven bottle mouth is not the longest board on the barrel, but the shortest board on the barrel.

Children's comprehensive academic performance is like a vat, and each academic performance is an indispensable plank that constitutes this vat. The stable formation of children's good academic performance cannot rely on the outstanding achievements of a certain subject, but should rely on its overall situation, especially some weak links. Therefore, when children are found to have shortcomings in certain subjects, they should be reminded to spend more time on this subject in time to "learn from each other's strengths".

Psychological effect 4: Desi effect

Psychologist Desi once said such a fable:

There are a group of children frolicking in front of an old man's house, screaming all over the sky. A few days passed, and the old man couldn't bear it. So he came out to give each child 10 cents and said to them, "You have made this place very lively. I feel much younger. I am grateful for this little money. " The children were very happy and came the next day, playing as usual. The old man came out again and gave each child 5 cents. Five cents is not bad, but the child left happily. On the third day, the old man only gave each child 2 cents, and the children flew into a rage. "Only 2 cents a day, do you know how hard we work!" "They swore to the old man that they would never play for him again!

In this fable, the old man's method is simple. He changed the children's intrinsic motivation of "playing for their own happiness" into the external motivation of "playing for pennies". He manipulated the external factors of pennies, so he also manipulated the children's behavior.

Desi effect appears from time to time in life. For example, parents often say to their children, "If you score 100 this time, you will be rewarded with 100 yuan" and "If you can get into the top five, you will be rewarded with a new toy" and so on. Parents may not have thought that it is this improper reward mechanism that reduces children's interest in learning little by little.

In learning, parents should guide their children to set up lofty ideals, enhance their emotions and interests in learning, increase the motivation of learning itself, and help children reap the fun of learning. Parents' rewards can be things that are helpful for learning, such as books and learning tools, while some rewards that have nothing to do with learning are best not.

Psychological effect 5: south wind effect

The south wind effect, also known as the "warmth" effect, originated from a fable written by French writer La Fontaine:

The north wind and the south wind are worse. Let's see who can take off the coat of pedestrians. The north wind came first with a cold wind, biting cold. As a result, pedestrians wrapped their coats tightly to resist the invasion of the north wind. The south wind blows slowly, and the sun shines suddenly. Pedestrians feel that spring warms their upper body, so they unbutton their buttons first and then take off their coats. Nanfeng won.

The reason why the south wind can achieve the purpose in the story is that it meets people's internal needs. This psychological reaction to stimulate self-reflection and meet self-needs is the "South Wind Effect".

Therefore, it is not appropriate to adopt "north wind" education methods such as "stick" and "intimidation" in family education. Only by carrying out warm education, giving more praise with "human touch" and cultivating children's self-awareness can we get twice the result with half the effort.

Psychological effect 6: Hawthorne effect

Hawthorne Factory in the suburb of Chicago, USA, is a factory that manufactures telephone exchanges. It has perfect recreational facilities, medical care system and pension system, but the workers are still aggrieved and the production situation is not ideal. Later, psychologists specially conducted an experiment on it, that is, in two years, experts had more than 20 thousand individual conversations with workers, stipulating that workers should patiently listen to their opinions and dissatisfaction with the factory during the conversation.

This talk experiment has received unexpected results: the output value of Hawthorne factory has greatly increased.

In the process of learning and growing up, children will inevitably have confusion or dissatisfaction, but they can't fully express it. As mothers, we should try our best to find time to have a heart-to-heart talk with our children, and in the process of talking, we should patiently guide our children to speak freely, express their confusion in life and study, and express their dissatisfaction with their parents, schools, teachers and classmates.

After "talking", children will have a sense of satisfaction and feel relaxed and comfortable. In this way, they will work harder in their studies and be more confident in their lives!

Psychological effect seven: butterfly effect

According to research, the weak airflow caused by a butterfly flapping its wings occasionally in the southern hemisphere will turn into a tornado sweeping Texas in a few weeks due to the mixture of other factors! Disorder scientists call this phenomenon "butterfly effect" and make a theoretical statement: a small cause can develop into an extremely huge and complex influence after a certain period of time and other factors.

The "butterfly effect" tells us that educating children is not a trivial matter. The expression of a word, the handling of a thing, and the correctness and appropriateness may affect the child's life; Errors and arbitrariness may delay a child's life.

Psychological effect 8: Increase or decrease effect

The "increase and decrease effect" in interpersonal communication means that everyone wants the other person to "increase" his liking rather than "decrease". For example, many salespeople have grasped this psychology. When weighing goods for customers, we always grab a small pile and add them bit by bit, instead of grabbing a large pile and taking them out bit by bit.

When evaluating a child, it is inevitable to tell all his shortcomings and advantages, and often adopt the method of "praising first and then derogating". In fact, this is a very unsatisfactory evaluation method. When evaluating children, we might as well use the "increase or decrease effect", for example, first talk about some minor problems of children that do not hurt dignity, and then give appropriate praise. ...

Psychological effect 9: Foot-in-door effect

A phenomenon often occurs in daily life: when you ask for help from others, if you ask for higher requirements from the beginning, it is easy to be rejected; However, if you make a smaller request first and then increase the weight of the request after others agree, then the goal will be easier to achieve. This phenomenon is called "foot-in-door effect" by psychologists.

In family education, we can also use the "foot-in-the-door effect". For example, first put forward lower requirements for children, and then affirm, praise or even reward them after they have done as required, and then gradually raise the requirements so that children are willing to make endless efforts.

Psychological effect 10: label effect

During World War II, the United States was short of soldiers, and the war really needed a group of soldiers. Therefore, the US military decided to organize prisoners in prison to fight at the front. To this end, the U.S. military sent several psychologists to train and mobilize prisoners before the war, and fought with them in the front line.

During the training, psychologists did not preach to them too much, but emphasized that prisoners should write a letter to their closest relatives every week. The content of the letter was drawn up by psychologists, describing how the prisoner behaved in prison and how to turn over a new leaf. The experts asked the prisoners to copy carefully and send them to their dearest people. Three months later, the prisoners went to the front, and the experts asked the prisoners to write letters to their relatives, telling them how to obey orders and how to be brave. As a result, the performance of these prisoners on the battlefield is no less than that of the regular army. As they said in the letter, they obeyed orders and fought bravely in the battle. Later, psychologists called this phenomenon "label effect", which is also called suggestion effect in psychology.

This psychological effect plays an extremely important role in family education. For example, if we always yell "idiot", "pig head", "how can you be so stupid" and "can't even do such a simple topic" to our children for a long time, our children may really become what we call "idiots".

So, should mothers give up ridicule, humiliation, blame, complaining, threats and intimidation, use more encouraging language and label their children more positively?