Whose great-grandson is Tao Yuanming?

Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father Tao Yi are both governors. When I was a child, my family declined, my father died at the age of eight, my mother died of illness at the age of twelve, and my mother and sister lived alone. Most orphans and widows live in their grandfather Meng Jia's house. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "If you don't share the same sky, you won't brag for many years and you will never be happy." . Good wine, more without chaos; As for forgetting pride, no one. "("Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition in the Jin Dynasty ") In the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties," deliberately lived in the world, and many people imitated their ancestors. "In the future, his personality and accomplishment are largely the legacy of his grandfather. Grandfather's family has a lot of books, which provides him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty, the literati took Zhuang and Lao as their ancestors and copied the Six Classics. He not only studied Lao Zi and Zhuangzi like ordinary literati, but also studied the Six Classics of Confucianism and "different books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trend of the times and the family environment, he accepted two different thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different interests: "aiming high" and "loving the mountains". Tao Yuanming rarely has the ambition to "escape from the four seas" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). He was filial to Taiyuan for eighteen years (393). With the desire of "great help for life", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the gate valve system was strict. He came from a civilian family and was looked down upon. He felt that he couldn't stand being an official and turned himself in in a few days. (Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin) After he resigned and went home, the country called him the main book again, and he also declined politely. In the fourth year of Long 'an (400 years), Andi went to Jingzhou and joined Huan Xuan as a vassal. At this time, Huan Xuan was controlling the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, eyeing the opportunity to usurp the Eastern Jin regime. Of course, he refused to go with Huan Xuan and be the confidant of the careerist. He wrote in his poem: "How to get away from this and go as far as Xijing. "("Xin Chou left for a night outing in July and returned to Jiangling ") has remorse for Huan Xuan. "How can you drown in long-term love? "("Two Poems by Gengzi in Mid-May, From Jingshi to Zhilin ") gave a deep sigh for the official life of people. In the winter of five years in Longan, because his mother died, he resigned and went home. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent troops against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang and seized the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan overtly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed his name to Chu, and imprisoned Andi in Xunyang. In his hometown, he devoted himself to self-financing and sang behind closed doors: "Under the tomb door, you are isolated from the world. "Looking around, who knows, Fei Jing is usually closed during the day." He disdained Huan Xuan for calling himself emperor. In the third year of Yuanxing, the general, Xiapi Wudi and He Wuji set out from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to crusade against Huan. Huan Xuan defeated the West and brought Andy, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home to join the army under the protection of Emperor Wu of Song. Tao Yuanming was put into the shogunate after Emperor Wu of Song captured Jiankang. When Emperor Wu of Song crusaded against Huan Xuan, he followed the story of Tian Chou's loyalty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, disguised himself as a private traveler, ventured to Jiankang, and took Huan Xuan hostage to Andi to Jiangling, and returned to Emperor Wu of Song, realizing his desire to fight for the usurper. He happily wrote a poem: "I am not afraid of being ignorant at forty." My car is famous, and I want to be famous. " Although thousands of miles away, how dare you! "("Mr. Murong "in the fourth chapter) after emperor wu of song in health, style is quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been corrupted by the "abolition of all schools". After Emperor Wu of Song "set an example", he was banned by force (banned in advance). "Officials at home and abroad are all in awe, changing customs. "His personality, talent and achievements are quite similar to those of Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression on him. But soon after the curtain rises, Emperor Wu of Song killed Diao Kui and the innocent Wang Yu and his son in order to cut off the dissidents. And with an affair, Wang Shu, a confidant of Huan Xuan who everyone thought should be killed, was appointed as an important official such as Shangshulu and Yangzhou Secretariat. These dark phenomena disappointed him. In the poem "A Qubo, the Song of the First Town Army Joining the Army", I wrote: "My eyes are tired of mountains and rivers, and my heart is full of mountains and rivers." "Words and deeds, after all, class, live in Shandong." Then he resigned and lived in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Shenjun. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign for Liu. After Liu left his post, he also left. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him as Pengze County Magistrate. After taking office for 8 1 day, I met a post sent by Xunyang County, and the official said, "Welcome him as a leash. "He sighed," I can't bend down and give the children in the village fifty buckets of rice. "He was awarded the seal of leaving his post. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years are the thirteen years in which he worked hard, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not do as the Romans do. Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to his hometown, living a life of "land to the tiller, self-financing". His wife, Zhai, shares his interests. She is happy and humble. " The husband plows in front and the wife hoes in the back. "* * * to maintain life together with the working people is closely related to the working people. At the beginning of returning to the field, life was ok. " There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses, with the eaves behind Liu Yin and the front of peaches and plums. "Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums are planted everywhere in the house." Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely (From Miscellaneous Poems) has been well-known so far. He is a heavy drinker and will get drunk when he drinks it. When friends visit, no matter how high or low, as long as there is wine at home, they will drink together. He got drunk first. He said to the guest, "I'm drunk and can go." "Yixi for four years, living in underground Beijing (now at the foot of Xiyujing Mountain in Xing Zi County), moved to Lili (now Tao Lili Village in Xing Zi Hot Springs), and life was even more difficult. If there is a bumper harvest, you can also "enjoy drinking spring wine and picking vegetables from our garden" to prevent "hunger in summer and sleeping at night" in disaster years. As we approached Yixi, an old farmer knocked at the door early in the morning, brought wine to drink with him, and advised him to be an official: "It is not enough to live high under a broken roof. I've been a Shang Tong all my life, and I hope you're a fool. "He replied," I was deeply impressed by my father's words and I was very angry. "fiber (enter) can be learned honestly, but it is not a mystery? And * * * enjoy this cup, I can't drive back. " (Drinking) declined the old farmer's advice in a tone of "harmony but difference". In his later years, his life became poorer and poorer, and some friends offered to give him money to help him. Sometimes, he can't help asking for a loan. His old friend was appointed as the magistrate of Shi 'an County in the first year of Jingping (423). After Xunyang, I went to his house to drink every day. When I left, I left 20 thousand yuan, sent them to the hotel and drank them one by one. However, he asked for a loan or accepted charity in principle. In the first year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (424), Tandaoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, paid a personal visit. At this point, he was sick and hungry for several days, and he couldn't get out of bed. Tan Daoji advised him: "Sages are alive, but if there is no way in the world, they will be hidden. Where there is a road, there is a road. This child (you) was born in the civilized world, why should he suffer? " He said: "I dare not look at sages, but I don't have that big ambition." Tan Daoji gave the meat to Liang, but he waved away. He resigned from his post and returned to his hometown for 22 years. He has been living a poor and rural life, but when he is old, his interest in keeping poor and honest is getting stronger and stronger. In the middle of September in the fourth year of Yuan Jia (427), when he was still conscious, he wrote three elegies for himself. In the last two sentences of the third poem, he said, "What if I die?" This shows that he views death so naturally. Tao Yuanming was the most outstanding poet in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Tao poems 125, mostly five-character poems. From the content, it can be divided into three categories: drinking poems, chanting poems and pastoral poems. What is the reason for his resignation? According to Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming, "At the end of the year, Huixian sent Du You, and the county official asked him to say,' You should take it with you.' Yuan Ming sighed,' How can I bend down and give five buckets of rice to the children in the village?' I was relieved of my post today. The Biography of Song People's Seclusion is similar to the Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin Seclusion. As we all know, it is a beautiful talk in the history of literature. It should be said that the lofty attitude of refusing to bow their heads and "worshipping the chief" and the contempt for children in the village are in line with the social atmosphere of the upper class in the Jin Dynasty. There is no doubt that this happened in the first year of Yixi (405), that is, nearly thirteen years after Tao Yuanming became an official at the age of 29. Before Peng, Tao Yuanming also served as Jiangzhou Wine Festival, Huan Xuan's staff, Liu Jingxian's army supervisor, etc. And he should have been used to officialdom entertainment. Moreover, military aides, such as Zhenjun and Jianwei, have stricter etiquette requirements when meeting their superiors, not to mention that it is common to bow down and kowtow. Direct superiors, such as Emperor Wu of Song and Xuan Jing, are not noble people. When Emperor Wu of Song was young, he was "a mean person, but he didn't know each other when he was busy" (History of Emperor Wu of Song Dynasty). Liu Ye is an inferior gentry. Both of them are ordinary soldiers, not far from the children in the village. They are not ashamed to be their own aides, but ashamed to see Du You tied with a belt. Why? What is more suspicious is that for Tao Yuanming, refusing to bow down to see the chief executive was originally something to boast about. However, in his preface to "Coming Home", there are different opinions on the reasons for his resignation. The cloud said that Peng Ze went home for a hundred miles, and the benefits of the commons were full of wine, so he asked for it himself. In a few days, as soon as possible, there will be a return. What is this? Nature is nature, not obtained through revision. Although hunger and cold cut, but it is against their own diseases. Everyone who tastes from personnel is selfish. So I was disappointed, generous and deeply ashamed of my lifelong ambition. I still look forward to a glimpse, when I put away my clothes and die overnight. Sung Hoon's sister died in Wuchang, and she was relieved of her post. I had to work for a year, so why did I suddenly quit on a starry night without waiting for a day? In this account, I don't mention that Du You is coming, but that the direct reason for his immediate resignation is the loss of Cheng's sister. This reason is far-fetched. Resignation for the loss of parents is a common practice in Han and Jin Dynasties, and never resigns for the loss of sister. In fact, Tao Yuanming did not go to Wuchang to attend the funeral, but went directly back to his hometown in Jiujiang. In his "Hui Xi Ci" at that time, he did not express the pain of losing his sister, but he was full of relief. So I think Tao Yuanming's death must have ulterior motives. Besides Du You's arrival, his personality is not suitable for being an official and his sister's death, and there are some speculations about Yuan Ming's resignation. The first is that Yuan Ming's resignation was a move by Benjamin King, so he resigned in an attempt to stay out of it. Wang Yi's Travels from Jianchang County to Lushan Mountain said that in Yixi for three years, "Liu Yushi killed Yin Zhongwen and will move to the Golden Tower. Tao is a world minister, and his benevolence and righteousness do not affect his second surname. Therefore, he entrusted his words to him. If it is a minor crime, it will be tried. " (Wang Zhongwen and Gong Ji, Volume 6) Tao Shu deeply agrees with this. He said in his notes: "Du You was named before the festival, which was a text saying that her sister was sad. In fact, Min Jinzuo will come to an end, knowing that time can't do it. He thinks he will live in a rocky valley, away from chaos, and he will get all the rest. " This statement is not worth refuting. Emperor Wu of Song usurped the throne in the second year of Yuanxi (420), which was 0/5 years from the year when Tao Yuanming resigned (405 in the first year of Yixi). At this point, the traces of Emperor Wu of Song's usurpation have not yet been revealed. How can Tao Yuanming know so clearly about the adverse events? The second is that Yuan Ming was an official in Huan Xuan, and his usurpation of gold failed, and his remaining party rate was implicated, so Yuan Ming was humiliated and slandered; Plus, "Nature is natural" and "I will get sick if I fight against myself", so when my sister is in mourning, I will find an excuse to escape [1]. This statement is not credible either. As soon as the Huan Xuan Rebellion was settled, Tao Yuanming immediately entered the Emperor Wu of Song and the Liu shogunate, who were sworn enemies with Huan Xuan. This shows that Emperor Wu of Song and Jing Xuanquan didn't mind that Yuan Ming had been to the Huan Xuan shogunate. According to Gong Bin's own textual research, when Huan Xuan usurped the throne, Tao Yuanming was at home watching his mother's funeral and didn't participate in the rebellion at all. Where did libel begin? What's more, in the Biography of Meng Zhen (this article is likely to be written after Ping Xuan), Tao Yuanming did not shy away from the relationship between his grandparent Meng Jia and Huan Wen, but boasted that there was no trace of humiliation and slander because of his relationship with the Huan family. If you quit your job because you were involved in an affair in Huan Xuan, you should have thought it over and prepared for it. However, Yuan Ming's resignation was obviously a temporary decision and he left in a hurry. "He died overnight" is not like resigning because of being slandered. So it is difficult to establish. To understand why Tao Yuanming resigned, we must first understand Du You's position. According to Volume 33 of General Canon and Volume 15 of Official History, Du You is one of the county assistants. "Han has it, and the supervisor belongs to the extreme position of the county ..... making contributions. Hanyin Weng belongs to Hedong Duyou. At that time, the Taishou Tian Yannian was divided into two parts, namely, the 28 counties in Hedong, the northern part of Fenru and the southern part of Fen, all of which were punished for their actions. Although the county magistrate was slandered, he didn't complain. Sun Bao is also a Jing man, beginning of autumn Day, and an official. He is the governor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He said,' Falcon started to attack today, and it is time to take evil according to the weather in order to be severely punished. "Therefore, overseers are inspectors, overseers are chiefs, and they are accused according to law. Falcons are ruthless. Tao Yuanming's famous great-grandfather Tao Kan once held this post. Secondly, we need to know the purpose of Tao Yuanming's career. All kinds of materials show that Tao Yuanming served as Pengze county magistrate for economic reasons. Xiao Tong's Biography of Tao Yuanming said: "(Tao Yuanming) later joined the army as a true monarch and built a prestige, and said to relatives and friends,' On string songs, I think I have three ways to make money, okay?" The deacon heard about it and thought it was ordered by Peng. The preface to "Gui Xi Ci" says: "My family is poor, and farming is not enough for self-sufficiency. Naive and full of room, no millet in the bottle, born and endowed, not seen its skills. Relatives and friends often advise Yu to be an officer, but there is no way to get rid of it. There will be things in all directions. The vassal regards love as virtue, and the uncle regards it as poverty, so it is used in Xiaoyan. " It seems to have become the practice of the Southern Dynasties to get rich by becoming a local governor. Zhang Dai's Biography, Volume 32 of the Book of Southern Qi, said that the emperor should forgive his brother Zhang Dai for his meritorious service. Zhang Dai's reply was: "If I give Lu the poverty of my family, I should be duty-bound and be ashamed of my merits." This incident shows that in the Southern Dynasties, high officials were ashamed of practicing, and being a local guard and order was a way to take care of the poor. Wang Yan, the author of Ghost, once embarked on the road of Wang Sengqian because of his poor family, hoping to get the position of a local governor. Wang Sengqian's "Begging for the County as Wang Yan" is published in Records of Three Generations in Ancient and Modern Times, Qin and Han Dynasties and Six Dynasties: "Wang Yan, the son of the Prince, has been working for three years, and his family is poor. Yang Xijiang, who is in charge of a small county, has come to pay his respects. " It is not easy for Tao Yuanming to serve as Peng. It was also after asking his uncle (probably Tao Kui, who served as too often) that he got this position. Obviously, this is by no means because the county magistrate ordered Dai Lugao, but because local governors have many ways to get extra money. We can see that these extra money incomes were probably legalized in the Southern Dynasties. Third, let's look at the economic situation of Tao Yuanming before and after he took office as Peng. Tao Yuanming was poor before he became an official. "He is poor and sick, and has no servants and concubines; The well mortar is not allowed, and the thistle is not given; When parents are young, they must be diligent "(Yan Yannian's Poems of Zheng Tao)," There is no millet in the bottle when they are young "(preface to Gui Xi Ci). This situation has not been fundamentally improved in his ten-year career. He also said in the book "Working with my younger brother in mid-December" that "there is nothing to be happy about." It was the second year of Yuan Xing (403), and Tao Yuanming had been an official for nearly ten years. Why? Because Tao Yuanming used to be an assistant to the county or the military government, whether it was offering wine in Jiangzhou or joining the army in the town or Jianwei, it was not a fat job. Similar to the working class now, a normal income is just a formal salary or an occasional reward. However, after serving Peng for more than 80 days, his situation has changed a lot. It is already "servant waiting ... full bottle of wine"; And there are cars and boats: "or life towel car, or boat alone" ("come home to Xi word"); Housing and land: "More than 10 acres of square houses, 89 thatched houses, shaded eaves, Luo tang qian" (the first part of Return to the Garden), and lived a well-off life. In just over 80 days, such great changes have taken place. It is obviously not enough to rely solely on the salary income of officials. There must be some gray income, which was not legalized during Tao Yuanming's official period. This is the real reason why Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to the field when he visited Du You. Because if Du You finds out what is beyond the law, he will really become the object of severe punishment and be humiliated by the children in the village. Knowing the above situation, we can also know why the government wants to levy Tao as a book, Zuo Lang, but Tao Yuanming doesn't. Because Zuo Lang is also a working class, it is not helpful to get rid of poverty completely. In the Han and Jin dynasties, there were many examples of officials in charge of supervision who took office or went to counties and local officials to escape when they heard the news. For example, when Li Ying was appointed as the secretariat of Qingzhou, "the prestige is brilliant, it belongs to the city, and it benefits itself." (The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 66, Biography of Chen Fan) "I am afraid of Wei Ming, and I am afraid of the wind and abandon my official." When Fan Pang was appointed as the envoy of the Qing Dynasty in Jizhou, he "went to the state boundary, kept his orders, knew that it was wrong, and left with the wind." (Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 67, Biography of Fan Pang) During the Jin Dynasty, Wang Jun was engaged in business in Hedong. "Those who maintain order are dishonest and hope that the wind will lead them away." (Book of Jin, Volume 42, Biography of Wang Jun) Liu Yi "transferred to a captain, corrected Hao You, and the capital was in awe. There are many people who keep the order and hope that the venture capital will be printed. " (Book of Jin, Volume 45, Biography) So, I very much doubt that Tao Yuanming's resignation may be due to a trip to Zang, so he left before Du You came to the county seat. I admit that this speculation is unkind and disrespectful to the ancients, but if we don't expect too much from human nature, we will regret to find that this speculation may be the closest to the truth of life. Let's take a look at the allusion of "five buckets of rice don't bend over". In the autumn of 405 AD, Tao Yuanming came to Pengze, not far from his hometown, as a county magistrate in order to support his family. This winter, the county magistrate sent a tour to pengze county to bid. Du You, with low taste but some power, speaks with his mouth in front of the satrap. Du You, who was sent here this time, is a vulgar and arrogant person. As soon as he arrived at Penzer's guest house, he sent a county magistrate to call a county magistrate to see him. Tao Yuanming usually despises fame and fortune, refuses to obey orders, despises such a person who gives orders in the name of a higher level, but he wants to see it again, so he set off at once. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate stopped Tao Yuanming and said, "My Lord, Du, you should wear official clothes and a big belt, otherwise it will be indecent. Du, you take the opportunity to make a scene, which is not good for adults! " Therefore, Tao Yuanming couldn't stand it any longer. Sighed and said, "I can't bend over to the villains in the village for five buckets of rice!" " "He said, and simply took out the official seal, stamped it, immediately wrote his resignation letter, and then left Peng Ze, who had only been the county magistrate for more than 80 days. This is the origin of the so-called "five buckets of rice don't fold". Finally, let's study Tao Yuanming's comments. As a generation of poets, Tao Yuanming was ignored before and after his death, and was later distorted and misunderstood for a long time. Now it is time to give a correct and comprehensive evaluation and appreciation of Tao Yuanming and his poems. Shen Deqian said in "Talking about Poetry": "Jin people are more open-minded, and they are worried about diligence, self-improvement, contentment, grief and happiness." "Su Dongpo once commented on Tao Yuanming:" It is not suspicious to be an official and be an official; If you want to be hidden, you will be hidden instead of looking for it. When you are hungry, you will buckle the door and beg for food; When you are full, welcome guests with chicken and millet. Ancient and modern saints are also true. " People value truth, so does poetry, and poetry comes from people's truth, which is the main reason why Tao poetry has enduring charm. In the words of Lu Xun, "Tao Qian is great because he is not completely silent." Liang Qichao once said that "nature is his loving companion and always smiles at him". As he said, Tao opened a channel between nature and philosophy, and reached a reconciliation between the suffering of life and the purport of nature. Even the most common rural life scene shows an infinite and meaningful beauty in his works. Tao Yuanming's "truth" is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, his love for nature; One is a sad personal outlook on life. Although Tao Yuanming's retirement has some helpless elements, this helplessness is also a kind of helplessness that cannot be extended. Just because he won't let the ready-made county magistrate do it is shocking enough. The poet's elegant integrity is enough to make people admire and cheer. Throughout Tao Yuanming's life, before he was 4 1 year old, he mainly wandered between official and hermit. The official is voluntary, implicit and voluntary; The official is a last resort, and concealment is also a last resort; I am positive and enthusiastic, and I am quiet and natural. This kind of contradiction and entanglement not only comes from the profound contradiction of society, but also comes from the collision of the poet's own Confucianism and Taoism. In the second half of his life, he lived in seclusion, and his thoughts tended to conform to the nature of Taoism and became a recluse poet. But even in this period, we can't ignore his "King Kong glare". His seclusion is his dissatisfaction and denial of the society at that time, which embodies his thought of pursuing the value of life. In other words, he used seclusion to preserve his character, which is the concrete expression of the so-called Confucian concepts of "being alone" and "hiding when you see the Tao, and hiding when you have no way", which is the declaration of his noble sentiments. After retiring, he was determined to achieve a high degree of harmony with nature, and also personally participated in labor, truly experiencing the pleasure of "returning to nature", sincere, frank and thorough. This is quite different from the behavior of some literati who use seclusion to flaunt their lofty ideals and seek fame and reputation in order to raise their social status and regard seclusion as a "shortcut to the south" for their official career. Moreover, Tao Yuanming's seclusion is not an escape. He always focuses on the real society, so his poems are full of the elegance of hermits, social significance and historical heaviness. This is the reason why Tao Yuanming is known as a "reclusive poet" and the value of Tao Yuanming's great personality. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was the end of troubled times, and it was also an era when Buddhism prevailed and respected the demeanor of celebrities. Therefore, Tao Yuanming is an idyllic poet who transcends the secular world. Many great poets since the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Su Shi, Lu You, etc., all admired Tao Yuanming and were deeply influenced by his artistic creation and attitude towards life. Tao Yuanming's poems represent "people's awakening", that is to say, people should not only have material life, but also spiritual life is very important. When we read the poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" again, we feel a kind of freedom, stretching out from the depths of our souls. It is right for a gentleman to be flexible, but it depends on who is Gou Jian, Liu Bei and Liu Bang and who is handsome. This is the task of unifying the whole country and establishing a new regime. Their ambition is beyond the reach of ordinary people, and so is our grandfather Mao. What are the figures of seven-foot men Han Xin and Guan Yu? They have the ability to realize their ideals, serve the country and protect themselves better. In addition, there is an unusual group called hermits. 1 There are two kinds: those who have experienced the vicissitudes of the world and are proficient in the strategy of governing the country and safeguarding the country, and those who can govern the world in troubled times, such as "Zhuge Liang" and "Sima Yi". 2. Worried about the country and the people, outstanding talent, writing world affairs with a pen. Isn't there such a sentence? The article "Two Sima in the Western Han Dynasty, Economic Nanyang Wolong" did not explain the classification of literati. Tao Yuanming is the latter. His dream is that the country is rich and strong and the people are safe, but he can't help but see the darkness of society. He can only scream with a pen as a weapon! I don't think he is weak. On the contrary, he was brave and fought back against bad style in his own way.