How many times did Zheng He go to the Western Ocean and how many countries did he go to?

Zheng He made seven voyages to the West.

Zheng He's voyages to the West include: Zhancheng, Java, Zhenla, Jiugang, Siam, Guri, Malaga, Bonai, Sumatra, Aru and Kezhi.

Grand Gulen, Little Gulen, Sizori, Sulu, Gael, Adan, South Buruli, Gambari, Specific Countries, Pahang, Kelantan and Hulu Maus.

Liu Shan, Sun Qi, Mugudu, Maliwoodland, Sass, Zufar, Jubu, Mambasa, Tian Fang, Dai Li, Orphan, Shaliwani and Buchwa.

In June of the 9th year of Xuande (1434), Wang Jinghong was ordered to lead a fleet to Southeast Asian countries as plenipotentiary minister. After returning home, King Sumatra sent his brother Hanihan to pay tribute to Beijing with the fleet. Soon, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty passed away and Ming Yingzong succeeded to the throne.

In the first year of orthodoxy (1436), the Ming court sent envoys back from 12 countries including Guri. On the other hand, Minister Fuzheng also ordered Nanjing garrison eunuch Wang Jinghong to stop shopping and building houses in the name of Ming Yingzong, which is different from the original version of Lu.

But in any case, the voyage to the west is over. From the second year of Tianshun (1458) to the third year of Tianshun (1459), eunuch Fuan sent Chen to see Ming Yingzong several times. After stopping the voyage to the West, there was a shortage of luxury goods such as pearls and gold, and officials were asked to go to the West to buy gold, which was rejected by Ming Yingzong.

Extended data:

As a messenger of peace, Zheng He conducted friendly exchanges with Asian countries on the principle of "harmony without difference" and "harmony is precious". "19 1 1 year, Galle on Ceylon Island found the stone tablet carved by Zheng He in the Buddhist temple in Ceylon Mountain.

According to the records of Fei Xin's voyage to the West that year, this stone tablet was carved in advance in China during Zheng He's third voyage to the West, and was transported to Fotang Mountain in Ceylon. The inscription is written in Chinese, Tamil and Persian.

Surprisingly, although the contents written in three languages on this stone tablet are roughly the same on the list of tributes, the people who praise God are different. "

Judging from the religious stone tablet erected by Zheng He's mission in Ceylon, despite different religious beliefs, the Ming Dynasty still had the desire to establish good relations with various religious forces in Ceylon.

Zheng He didn't want religious opposition to affect his voyage to the West, so this way of seeking common ground while reserving differences also reflected the Confucian thought of "valuing peace".

According to historical records, in the face of the arrogant and rude king of Mount Ceylon, Alec Kunai, Zheng He and others initially adopted an attitude of avoiding conflicts, endured humiliation and tried to make peace.

But in the end, he was forced to fight because of his own danger. In the ninth year of Yongle (14 1 1), Zheng He presented Yalie Kunaier to the Ming Dynasty. "Please punish him, show mercy to his ignorance, order his aunt to release him, give him food and clothing, and order the Ministry of Rites to choose a sage who belongs to him as king so as to inherit the country."

Judging from Zheng He and even Ming Chengzu's ideological and behavioral tendencies in handling this matter, the Ming Dynasty did not rely on its own strength to control the other side, but coordinated the development of bilateral relations with "harmony".

Confucianism advocates self-cultivation, introverted personality, harmony, gentleness, courtesy and frugality, and no dispute between gentlemen, which is very different from the consciousness of outward diffusion, development and pursuit advocated by the West.

On his seven voyages to the Western Ocean, Zheng He shuttled between the Western Ocean and the Indian Ocean in the spirit of "respecting virtue but being gentle" and "loving everything with others". The Confucian idea of "benevolence" made Zheng He "benevolent" in overseas countries and "regard China as the first class with foreigners".

In Confucian culture, valuing righteousness over profit and valuing harmony have influenced Zheng He's whole sailing career. It was under the infiltration of Confucian culture that Zheng He visited the most powerful western countries in Shanghai at that time.

Nor will it establish colonies overseas, nor will it engage in bloody colonial plunder and criminal slave trade activities. Zheng He's voyages to the West strengthened the friendly exchanges between China and Asian and African countries and played an important role in stabilizing the order in this region.

It also played a positive role in the formation of the "Chinese cultural circle" with the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the core in neighboring countries. It is worth pondering that the Confucian culture forged Zheng He, but Zheng He wrote another world civilization with Confucian culture.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zheng He's Journey to the West

People's Network-Zheng He's Sailing to the West: A Typical Confucian Ocean Strategy