Summary of knowledge points in high school geography compulsory course 1

1. Celestial objects:

Concept: the existence form of matter in the universe

Types: nebulae, stars, planets, satellites, comets, meteors, interstellar matter< /p>

2. Celestial system

Concept: Celestial bodies, stars and nebulae in the universe form a celestial system

Level: Earth-Moon system→Solar system→Milky Way→Universe

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Sun:

1. The central object of the solar system: the mass of the sun accounts for 99.86% of the solar system, and other celestial bodies move around the sun under its attraction

2. Solar radiation:

Energy source: Nuclear fusion inside the sun

Impact on the earth: maintaining surface temperature, promoting water, atmosphere, and biological activities and changes on the earth, and is the energy source for human activities and production activities< /p>

3. Solar activity:

The structure of the solar atmosphere: from the inside to the outside is the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona layer

Types of solar activity: ① Photosphere Layer: Sunspots, activity cycle is 11 years

②Chromosphere: Flares

Impact on the Earth: Causes ionospheric disturbances, affects radio shortwave communications, and produces "magnetic storms" Phenomenon, the magnetic needle cannot indicate the correct direction, affecting the climate

Earth:

1. Ordinariness of the Earth:

Motion characteristics of the eight planets: syntropy , nearly circularity, and hemisphericity

According to structural characteristics, it can be divided into: terrestrial planets, giant planets, and far-solar planets

2. The special characteristics of the earth: there is life Existence

Cosmic environment: Large and small planets go their own way, do not interfere with each other, are in a safe cosmic environment, and the sun's illumination is stable

Personal conditions: The distance between the sun and the earth is moderate, so that the surface has suitable temperature, so that liquid water can exist: it has a moderate volume and mass to form an atmosphere surrounding the earth, and a moderate rotation and revolution period, which makes the daily and seasonal changes in the earth's surface temperature small, which is conducive to the growth and development of organisms

一 : The basic forms of earth motion: revolution and rotation

About the center sun-earth axis

The direction is from west to east (counterclockwise when viewed above the North Pole) From west to east (counterclockwise when viewed above the North Pole) , opposite over Antarctica)

Period sidereal year (365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 10 seconds) Sidereal day (23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds)

Average angular velocity 1o/day perihelion (1 At the beginning of the month) the fast aphelion (early July) is the same everywhere, 15o per hour (except the poles)

The average linear speed is 30 kilometers/hour, decreasing from the equator to the poles, 1670KM/hour at the equator, 0 at the poles .

The relationship between the earth's rotation and revolution:

(1) Yellow ecliptic angle: the intersection angle between the equatorial plane and the ecliptic plane.