What diseases are easy to get in hot weather, and how to avoid the harm of hot weather?

Now the temperature is getting higher and higher In fact, high temperature is a kind of disastrous weather. It is very bad to stay outdoors for a long time in hot weather in summer. Hot weather can also directly cause diseases. Everyone must pay attention.

What disease is easy to get in hot weather?

The weather is overheated, and the continuous high temperature has a certain impact on people's daily life and health as well as all sectors of the national economy. High temperature weather makes people feel uncomfortable, reduces work efficiency and increases the incidence of heatstroke, intestinal diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; The demand for water and electricity for heatstroke prevention and cooling has soared, resulting in tight water and electricity supply and frequent failures; Tourism, transportation, construction and other industries will also be affected to varying degrees.

1, high temperature weather is easy to induce cardiovascular diseases.

When the temperature exceeds 33℃, the probability of inducing or recurring cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will increase. In addition, because myocardium and brain tissue are very sensitive to hypoxia, patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease will increase the oxygen consumption of heart and brain at high temperature, and will also increase the probability of inducing acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

How to prevent it: Pay attention to the monitoring of blood pressure in high temperature days, pay attention to supplementing water, exercise properly, and eat more digestible foods rich in potassium in the diet, such as lean meat, bananas and oranges. Patients with heart disease should pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling, and their diet should be light, especially for the elderly. They should take medicine on time, pay attention to rest and try not to be exposed to high temperature.

2. It is easy to catch a cold and have diarrhea in hot weather.

Infectious diarrhea is also common in summer. It is believed that high temperature and humidity in summer make food easy to rot and deteriorate, and people like to eat cold drinks and cold food, which may lead to infectious diarrhea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting.

How to prevent it: the taste in midsummer should be light and low in salt, and greasy and spicy food should be avoided, mainly to clear away heat and dampness, relieve summer heat and strengthen the spleen; Do not drink raw water, eat raw, half-cooked and unclean food, wash your hands before meals, do a good job in indoor hygiene, and prevent infectious diarrhea. If you find symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, you must go to the hospital for examination in time.

3. It is easy to get prickly heat in hot weather.

Some people are prone to prickly heat in summer, and they are prone to secondary infection after scratching, forming prickly heat and producing purulent prickly heat.

How to prevent it: First, reduce sunlight exposure during the day and keep indoor ventilation cool; Secondly, the diet should be light and eat less greasy and irritating food; The third is to take a bath with hot water. Once there is prickly heat, you can wash the affected area with each gram of Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Flos Lonicerae and Herba Portulacae 10.

4, high temperature weather is easy to get air conditioning disease.

The weather is hot, people generally wear less, but the indoor air conditioner blows badly. Such a low temperature environment will stimulate the rapid contraction of blood vessels and poor blood circulation, leading to joint chills and pain symptoms. For women, it is more likely to affect women's ovarian function, make ovulation disorder and menstrual disorder; At the same time, in a closed space, air circulation is not easy to cause respiratory tract infection.

How to prevent it: don't turn the air conditioner temperature too low. Try to open the window every two or three hours for ventilation. After opening the window, the skin will also be exposed to a higher temperature, and the temperature difference will not be too great, so it is not easy to get sick.

5, the weather is hot and easy to get heatstroke.

Heatstroke is caused by heat balance disorder or water and salt metabolism disorder. High temperature in summer, because the human body sweats more and loses water, it is easy to get heatstroke if you are not careful. Once dizziness, fatigue, nausea and other symptoms are found, it is likely to be mild heatstroke, and even death may occur in severe cases. You should evacuate from the high temperature environment immediately.

How to prevent it: high-temperature workers should do personal protection, supplement physiological saline, and strengthen ventilation and cooling in the workplace; The elderly and infirm should pay attention to the ventilation and cooling of the room, combine work and rest, and supplement water and nutrition. In hot weather, we should pay attention to replenish water in time, such as green tea, light salt water, mung bean soup, winter melon soup and watermelon and other fruits rich in potassium ions.

6, the weather is hot and easy to get gastroenteritis.

It is common to have dinner in hot summer. At all kinds of barbecues, it's really pleasant to chat with friends with a bottle of cold beer. However, after that, the body often has discomfort such as diarrhea and vomiting.

How to prevent it: eat supper in moderation and pay attention to hygiene; Try not to eat the rest of the food, and it is fundamental to enhance physical fitness and improve immunity; Don't eat too many cold drinks.

7, high temperature weather is easy to get solar dermatitis.

Solar dermatitis, also known as sunburn or sunburn, is an acute inflammatory reaction after normal skin exposure, characterized by erythema, edema, blisters, pigmentation and desquamation. This disease is more common in late spring and early summer. In hot and sultry weather, people can't sweat well, which is easy to cause skin inflammation, especially for children and the elderly. Due to imperfect or dysfunctional thermoregulation, papular urticaria, eczema and contact dermatitis are easy to occur.

How to prevent it: summer 10- 14 is the time when ultraviolet radiation is strongest in the sun, and UVB is the chief culprit of solar dermatitis, so you should try to avoid going out at this time. When you have to go out, you should wear long-sleeved trousers (preferably light color), a straw hat or an umbrella, which is quite effective. Also, strengthen skin nutrition, usually eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and eat some fat in moderation to ensure skin elasticity and enhance skin anti-wrinkle activity. Vitamin C and B 12 can prevent and weaken the sensitivity to ultraviolet rays, promote the fading of melanin and restore the elasticity of skin, so you should eat more foods rich in vitamins in summer.

8. It's easy to catch a cold in hot weather.

In the high temperature environment in summer, the human body consumes a lot of energy and its immunity decreases. If you don't use air conditioners or electric fans to dissipate heat, the adaptability of the human body will decline, and germs and viruses will easily take advantage of it. The most common disease is a cold.

How to prevent it: prevention is the main thing before catching a cold. Even in hot summer, we should strengthen physical exercise to improve our disease resistance. You can do various exercises according to your age and physical condition, such as radio exercises, Tai Ji Chuan, running and swimming. At the same time, indoor and outdoor environmental sanitation and personal hygiene should be maintained, and windows should be opened frequently indoors to keep the air fresh. At the same time, individuals should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, prevent overwork, ensure adequate sleep, and establish good life rules.

How to avoid the injury of high temperature weather

1, reducing labor or exercise intensity. Adjust the work and rest time according to the hot weather, and avoid outdoor work or exercise at the highest temperature in a day.

2, drink plenty of water, but it is not advisable to drink too much after thirst. You should add some light salt (sugar) water appropriately, because too much salt is lost in the body after sweating a lot, which is easy to unbalance the electrolyte ratio in the body and lead to metabolic disorder. It is best to use warm water, mung bean soup or drinks containing electrolytes. Drink about 1.5 to 2 liters of water every day.

3. Take necessary sun protection measures. When going out, you need to wear sunglasses, sun hat or umbrella as much as possible, and penetrate the cotton, linen or silk fabric with air and heat dissipation.

4. Keep enough sleep. Adequate sleep can relax the brain and body system. Be careful not to lie under the air conditioning outlet and electric fan when sleeping, so as not to get air conditioning disease and catch a cold.

5, it is not appropriate to drink a lot. In summer, the human body is easily affected by temperature and accumulates damp heat. If you drink a lot, it will contribute to heat and dampness, which is tantamount to adding fuel to the fire.

6, the diet should not be too light. In summer, people sweat a lot and consume a lot, so they should eat more nutritious foods such as chicken, duck, lean meat and fish eggs to meet the metabolic needs of the human body.

7. The nap time should not be too long. If the nap time is too long, the central nervous system will deepen the inhibition, the cerebral blood flow will be relatively reduced, and the metabolic process will slow down, leading to discomfort after waking up and more sleepiness.

8. Pay attention to outdoor work and take effective protective measures to avoid being exposed to the sun for a long time. It is best to bring cold drinks.

9. Be careful not to run in the sun or go to crowded places. Don't turn on the air conditioner immediately after returning to the room from the outside. When the weather is hot, you should have sunshade equipment, such as umbrellas and sunglasses, or choose a cool place and apply some sunscreen if possible.

10, try to avoid traveling in the morning 10 to 4 pm, and replenish water before you are thirsty.

1 1, pay attention to food hygiene in high temperature days to prevent gastrointestinal colds.

12, in hot weather, pay attention to keep enough sleep, live a regular routine and enhance immunity.

13, pay attention to the care of special people, especially the elderly and children. High temperature days are easy to induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly, and children have bad symptoms.

14, pay attention to prevent the onset of solar dermatitis after sun exposure. If the skin has symptoms such as redness and swelling, it should be washed with cold water, and severe cases should be hospitalized.

15. Pay attention to symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, unconsciousness, chest tightness and shortness of breath. You should suspect that it is an early symptom of heatstroke. You should rest immediately and drink some cold water to cool down. If the illness is serious, you should go to the hospital immediately.

How is it hot weather?

Meteorology, when the highest temperature in a day is greater than or equal to 35℃, it is designated as high temperature weather. Hot weather can be divided into hot weather and hot and muggy weather. The highest temperature on that day is greater than or equal to 35℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 60%, which is called high temperature and hot weather. When the highest temperature is greater than or equal to 32℃ but less than 35℃ and the relative humidity is above 60%, it is called muggy weather. Under such weather conditions, the sweat of the human body can't be discharged from the skin, and the heat is difficult to dissipate, which makes me feel very uncomfortable. This is the direct impact of natural warming on the human body. If the highest temperature exceeds 35℃ for several consecutive days, it is called "high temperature heat wave" weather. Generally speaking, there are usually two kinds of high temperature, one is dry heat and high temperature with high temperature and low humidity; The other is hot and humid, which is called "sauna day".

The high temperature warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

The standard of high temperature yellow warning signal is: the daily maximum temperature is above 35℃ for three consecutive days;

The standard of high temperature orange warning signal is: the maximum temperature rises above 37℃ within 24 hours;

The standard of high temperature red warning signal is that the maximum temperature rises above 40℃ within 24 hours.

The high temperature weather in China is mainly concentrated in May -65438+ 10. Geographically, Jiangnan, South China, Southwest China and Xinjiang are places with frequent high temperatures.

How high can the human body tolerate?

The limit temperatures of body temperature regulation at rest are 3 1℃ (85% relative humidity), 38℃ (50% relative humidity) and 40℃ (30% relative humidity), which means that if the limit temperature is exceeded, the body function will be damaged, and heatstroke or some complications will probably occur. This is just the limit temperature of the general population. For children, the elderly and the infirm, and patients with chronic diseases, the heat-resistant limit temperature will drop. In summer, the body feels that the temperature is higher than the actual temperature. Why is the temperature felt when walking in the street on a hot day higher than the actual temperature announced by the meteorological department? Somatosensory temperature is actually a feeling that people get physically or mentally when they come into contact with the external environment through the skin. Under the same temperature conditions, people will have different cold and warm feelings due to differences in humidity, wind speed, solar radiation (or solar radiation), dress color and even mood. For example, when the humidity is high, it will cause discomfort such as joint pain; When the wind is strong, it will promote heat loss; When the sunshine is low, the human body will feel colder. The actual temperature refers to the temperature measured in the ground 1.5-meter-high shutter box. Temperature measurement must be carried out in a relatively open place, with the thermometer at a distance of 1.5 meters from the ground and placed in a louver box to avoid direct sunlight. This is a unified standard formulated by the Global Meteorological Organization. The temperature measured in this way is the temperature mentioned in meteorology, that is, the air temperature in the natural state. It is observed that under normal circumstances, the temperature of concrete floor is 4℃ higher than that of louvers, while the temperature of grass is 3℃ higher, and the temperature difference on cloudy days is reduced by about 65438 0℃.