Why did the Ming army lose in the Salhu War?

/f？ Kz = 50129117 There are many reasons for the defeat of Salhu, the Ming army. The main factors are improper use of commanders and command mistakes. Who is Levin, Commander-in-Chief of the Fourth Route Army? "Biography of Levin in the Ming Dynasty" records that Levin was a scholar in the eighth year of Wanli (1580), a civil servant, and served as a magistrate and suggestion. This man is conceited and doesn't know the art of war, but he will please his superiors, so he won the trust of some people and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility. In the 25th year of Wanli (1597), Li Rumei, the deputy commander-in-chief, went to war and failed. After North Korea used military force, he was exonerated and used to take charge of North Korean military affairs. In the battle of the island and the mountain, the Ming army was defeated and killed 20 thousand. The history book says: "This is a battle, and it has been planned for many years, and it is all at sea, which is in line with the people of North Korea who know the country. Once abandoned, it would be a pity. " After such a great failure, Levin reported good news to the court. Later, it was discovered that it was because Zhao was saved that he was saved from death. Later, I used it again because things were lost. After the Jin defeated Fushun, the Ming court actually reused such a scholar who rarely won the battle to command this life-and-death battle of Salhu! As the commander-in-chief of the Ming army in the battle of Salhu, Yang Hao, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, didn't know about the three armies: "The sun, the moon and the clouds are also in the sky; Mountains and rivers, array is also; Soldiers are soldiers, and the People's Front is also. " I'll add another one, Iced. Levin made a historic mistake in the four formations of heaven, earth, man and soldier. Speaking of celestial array. The winter in Liaodong is very cold, so Levin set the war time in March. Many Ming troops were transferred from the south or inside Shanhaiguan pass, so it was difficult to adapt to the cold in Liaodong. In the marching battle, "the wind and snow are mixed, the three armies can't open their eyes, the valley is dark, and it is difficult to distinguish." The defeat of the Ming army is against the sky. Second, talk about the ground array. The Ming Fourth Route Army raided from a distance and entered the hinterland of Houjin. Mountains and valleys, rivers and Lin Mang are easy to defend but difficult to attack, which is even more taboo for the trench and infantry. The defeat of the Ming army is really against the geographical position. Three-man front Juniper is willful and aggressive; Marin marched slowly, fearing that the enemy would flee first; Liu Ge credulous obituary, foolhardy; Li has been a coward since he abandoned the book. His brother Du Tong, his father Ma Fang and Li's father Li are all famous athletes. These children, or borrow the shadow of their parents, or advocate empty talk, or domineering pride, or bohemian, or both. Levin, who rarely won the battle, led these four generals. How could the Ming army be unbeaten? The defeat of the Ming army was an invasion of human harmony. Fourth, talk about the team. The key to the eight words "the soldiers are divided into four roads, and the two roads are combined" is a "combination". Because: only by converging attack can we concentrate our forces; Only by converging attack can we hit the enemy hard; Only a converging attack can achieve the goal; Only a combined attack can win. Levin's incompetence is that "the soldiers are divided into four roads and merged into one". He only made seven words-the soldiers are divided into four roads and the army enters the enemy's attack, but he did not make a word "combined". Nurhachi "concentrated his forces and conquered them one by one", but he made a word "combination". Nurhachi "points" to Levin through "combination". The Ming army changed from a strategic advantage to a tactical disadvantage, and as a result, four roads started, the divisions were not combined, and the doubles lost. The defeat of the Ming army violated the art of war. The reason why the late Jin army won not only took advantage of the disadvantages of the Ming Dynasty, but also played its own advantages. The most important thing is that Nurhachi commands properly. In view of the general plan of the Ming army soldiers being divided into four roads and converging on two roads, he adopted the countermeasures of "concentrating forces and converging on four roads" and "converging on two roads". The beauty of Sun Tzu's art of war lies in one word-whether "combination" or "separation" is one, which determines victory or defeat. The essence of Nurhachi's command art is the word 12: concentrate superior forces and break them one by one. The battle of Salhu is a wonderful and classic performance of Nurhachi's military command art, and the battle of Salhu during the Ming and Jin Dynasties has a wide and far-reaching influence. First, the Ming army suffered heavy losses. More than 45,870 soldiers of the Ming army were killed and more than 28,600 horses, mules and camels were lost. The Ming army in Liaodong suffered a devastating defeat. Then came the Golden Eight Banners Army, which was the most powerful and effective cavalry in China at that time with serious orders, well-equipped, strict discipline, strict rewards and punishments, strong military strength and fierce struggle. Second, Daming Huang Wei has been challenged. The news of the defeat of the Ming army Salhu reached the capital, inside and outside the temple, up and down in the ruling and opposition circles, and shocked the whole country. Fang Congzhe, a cabinet scholar, said: "After the defeat of the Three Roads, the people's hearts were not solid and the morale of the soldiers was not high. "This is a true portrayal at that time. Then gold is inspiring, ambitious and courageous. Third, the turning point of Ming and Qing history. The battle of Salhu made the Ming Dynasty and the latter Jin Dynasty switch places: the Ming Dynasty changed from attacking to defending, and the latter Jin Dynasty changed from defending to attacking. Later, Emperor Qianlong said in the Battle of Salhushan: The Battle of Salhushan made "the national power of the Ming Dynasty weak, and my martial arts enhanced, and the emperor decided to take Liaodong, Shenyang and Wang Jikai. "