How is the weather forecast made?

The data observed by weather stations are the basis of weather forecast. The more weather stations there are, the more accurate the forecast will be. To this end, thousands of weather stations have been established around the world, equipped with various weather radars, and several weather satellites have been deployed in space, forming a global atmospheric monitoring network. This monitoring network observes the atmospheric changes from the ground to the sky and from the land to the ocean at the same time every day, and quickly collects the observation data to the national meteorological centers of various countries and forwards them to all parts of the world. The computer of the Meteorological Observatory processes and calculates the collected data to obtain weather charts, numerical forecast charts and other products, which provide forecasting basis for forecasters.

There are many methods of weather forecast, and there are two most commonly used. One is the traditional synoptic method, that is, the meteorological data at the same time and at the same level are drawn on a special map, which is called a weather map. By analyzing various meteorological elements on the weather map, forecasters can understand the distribution and structure of current weather systems (such as typhoons and fronts) and judge the relationship between weather systems and specific weather (such as rain, wind and fog). ) and their future evolution, so as to make weather forecasts everywhere. At present, the drawing and analysis of weather maps are all done by computers. The other is numerical forecasting method, which is gradually developed with the progress of computer technology, and the weather forecast it makes is calculated by computer. Because the motion of the atmosphere follows some known physical laws, according to these laws, the motion state of the atmosphere can be written as a set of partial differential equations. As long as the initial value (the current state of the atmosphere) is given, the variable values of the equations can be solved in time, thus the future state of the atmosphere can be obtained. The process of solving the equation is extremely complicated, and a large number of meteorological data need to be processed within the specified time. Even the simplest atmospheric equation must be operated on a high-speed computer.

No matter weather methods, numerical forecasting methods or other forecasting methods, they all have certain limitations and different forecasting conclusions, which require forecasters to comprehensively analyze and judge various forecasting results. At this time, the theoretical knowledge, accumulated experience and corresponding wisdom of forecasters are extremely important. Therefore, when the weather situation is more complicated, or before the disastrous weather comes, forecasting experts will hold weather consultation meetings, and even exchange views with experts from other places and abroad, and draw more reliable forecasting opinions on the basis of expressing their opinions and full discussion. After the forecaster makes a forecast, it will be sent to the TV program production unit for production in time. Only in this way, the program host "points out the situation" can be smart and confident.