What is the focus of information technology in senior high school?

The key knowledge is summarized as follows:

The first chapter is introduction.

I. Information

1. Meaning of information:

Understanding the meaning of information: (three typical views)

Shannon's point of view: used to eliminate uncertainty

Wiener's point of view: the third resource different from matter and energy

Zhong Yixin's point of view: the state and way of things' movement

2. Basic characteristics of information: dependence, enjoyment, timeliness, value and universality.

For example, information must be attached to a carrier, and the same information can be attached to different carriers.

People don't pay attention to yesterday's weather, which shows the timeliness of information.

Second, information technology.

1. The meaning of information technology:

The essence of information technology can be regarded as a technology to replace, expand and extend people's information function.

Modern information technology is based on microelectronics, with computer technology as the core and communication technology as the pillar.

For example, the wide application of radio, television, communication and computer technology has made a qualitative leap in the way, carrier, way and method of information dissemination.

2. The history and development trend of information technology:

(1) Basic characteristics of several important stages of information technology development:

The first information technology revolution: the emergence of language;

The second information technology revolution: the invention of characters;

The third information technology revolution: the invention of papermaking and printing;

The fourth information technology revolution: the invention and popularization of telegraph, telephone, radio and television;

The fifth information technology revolution: the popularization of electronic computers and the combination of computer and communication technology.

(2) the development trend of information technology

Various technologies (microelectronics, remote sensing and telemetry, artificial intelligence, computer technology, etc.). ) mutual penetration and integration, new businesses and products are constantly emerging; Breakthrough progress will be made in microelectronic components and optoelectronic technology, and new electronic components and electronic information materials will emerge one after another. Modern communication technology will tend to be intelligent, networked and personalized, and network technology will develop in the direction of high speed, integration and security. Computer technology will tend to be networked and intelligent, computer hardware will be more miniaturized and have superior performance, and software will develop towards automation, componentization and integration.

Chapter II Information Acquisition

I. General process of information acquisition

1. Determination of information demand: determine the content and type of information (text, data, pictures, etc. ), and analyze the content and types of information needed to solve specific problems.

2. Determination of information sources: When determining information sources, available information sources and reliable information sources should be considered.

3. Method of obtaining information: Choose the corresponding information obtaining method according to different information sources.

4. The judgment of information value, according to the information demand and the choice of information sources, is judged from some of the five aspects of accuracy, objectivity, authority, applicability and timeliness.

How to know the weather forecast for tomorrow?

Determination of information demand: tomorrow's weather forecast.

Determination of information source: CCTV weather situation and forecast program.

The method of obtaining information: audio-visual method.

Information value judgment: accurate and authoritative.

Second, determine the information needs.

1. Determine the information content: think and analyze according to the tasks you undertake and the problems you need to solve, and get what specific information content is conducive to the completion of tasks and the solution of problems, and filter out the information you have confirmed, and the rest is the information you need to get.

2. Determine the type of information: determine the appropriate information carrier form (text, data, animation, pictures, sound, video, etc.). ) according to the needs of information transmission.

Third, the determination of information sources.

1. Available information sources: from the environment and conditions of your own life, try to expand the information sources as much as possible and check whether there are any missing information sources.

2. Reliable information sources: Choose the most suitable, effective and reliable information source from all available information sources, and pay attention to the representativeness, typicality and diversification of information sources.

Fourth, the method of obtaining information.

Be able to choose appropriate tools and methods to obtain information according to different information sources and types.

Methods of obtaining information: literature method, interview method, audio-visual method, experiment method, investigation method, observation method, retrieval method and so on.

First-hand information: Through personal observation, investigation, experiment and measurement, it has high authenticity and reliability.

Second-hand materials: interviews, reading, audio-visual, questionnaires, retrieval, etc. Its objectivity and accuracy need to be further verified.

The most commonly used, fastest and most convenient way to retrieve information through the Internet.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) method of obtaining network information

(1) Network Information Retrieval

Directory search: suitable for when you want to get some system information. It is difficult to find the specific information you need most accurately.

Keyword query: not suitable for finding system information, but it can help to find specific information quickly and accurately.

(2) Network information download test

(1) Create a classification directory: it can be classified according to the content or type of information.

② Download network information:

Direct download: directly use the function of the browser to save the web page being browsed or various files in the web page in the local computer. Not suitable for downloading files with large capacity or unstable network cable and slow network speed.

Use software download: you can realize breakpoint continuation. Downloaded files can be managed in a unified way.

Sixth, the judgment of information value.

Understand the basis of information value judgment and master the basic methods of information value judgment. According to different information content, choose appropriate methods to identify and evaluate information.

Accuracy, objectivity, authority, timeliness and applicability

Chapter III Information Processing and Expression

I. Information processing planning

The meaning of information processing: according to the needs of information application, according to the content and type of information, the original information obtained is processed.

Such as sorting, modification, format conversion and storage of rows.

Pre-planning of information processing: around the theme of information application, determine the target audience, content, type and expression of information (using words, data, etc. ) and the way of information dissemination (group reports, posters, online publishing, etc.). ).

For example, make a publicity website for "School Celebration"

work

audience

Communication mode

Form of works

Other: information content

Information type, etc.

Make a "school celebration" publicity website.

school students

Campus website

webpage

Second, the processing of text information.

Key points of text information processing: ① In order to organize the content structure of the text and highlight the main information, it is necessary to determine the layout of the text, set the font and paragraph format, and make appropriate modifications and edits; (Computer operation content) ② Describe the process of things with a flowchart; ③ Use table tools. Expression text classification; (4) Use the structural diagram to present the relationship between things.

Common text processing software and file extension: word,. . doc。

Third, the processing of data information.

Data value information processing refers to the processing of tables and the graphics of table data.

Applicability of column chart, pie chart and line chart.

Column chart: Compare the quantity of different items.

Pie chart; Compare the quantities of different components in the same subject.

Line chart: the changing trend of things in a certain period of time.

Common data processing: establish tables, use formulas, functions, sorting, filtering and other methods for statistical analysis, and draw charts.

Common data processing software and file extension. . xls。

4. Processing of ringing information:

The basic methods of obtaining picture information: scanning, shooting with a digital camera, drawing on a computer with tools and software, grabbing a screen, etc.

Save the file format of the picture. JPEG 2000 .TIFF。 BMP and so on.

Common image processing: collecting pictures, drawing pictures, adjusting the size, brightness, contrast and color of images, and adding various filter effects to images.

Common image information processing software and file extension: PHOTOSHOP, PSD。

Verb (abbreviation of verb) sound information processing

According to the need, you can use audio acquisition and editing software to complete the processing of simple sound information such as sound information acquisition, audio clip interception and audio file format conversion.

Common sound information processing: recording, format conversion and interception.

Parameters affecting sound quality: sampling frequency and quantization bit number.

Common sound processing software: the "recorder" that comes with windows system, WAV.

Six, video information processing

Common video formats: AVI, RM, RMVB, MPEG, etc-

Collection methods: live video recording, video collection, screen capture and video interception.

Common video information processing: acquisition, format conversion, interception, editing, synthesis,

Commonly used video information processing software: windows movicmaker.

Seven, animation information processing

The basic principle of animation: through certain technical means, it is formed by artificially presenting a number of static pictures (called frames).

The formation of animation takes advantage of the persistence of human vision.

Animation can vividly, vividly and concretely express the content that is difficult to express in the real thing and cannot be photographed by the camera.

Commonly used animation information processing software: Adobe Imageready, Flash, 3Dstudio.

Eight. Engineering planning and design

1. The general process of information integration: determining the theme of works, planning and designing works, collecting processed materials, making processed works and testing and publishing works.

2. The basic method of designing works: determine the specific working ideas and contents of creating works from the aspects of presentation forms (electronic blackboard newspaper, presentation, learning courseware, web page, etc.). ) and artistic style (layout design, layout color and content, etc. ).

3. Plan and design works according to specific needs.

For example, integrate information to promote the "school celebration"

main body

Celebration propaganda

artistic style

Up-down type

Forms of expression of works

webpage

Carrier type

Specific content

School profile

Text, pictures

School history

Text, pictures, videos, sounds

4, choose the right tool software for production.

Types of works

General tool software

publicity poster

Word, Jinshan word

Briefing session; exhibition

PowerPoint, Jinshan presentation

Teaching courseware

Founder Austin, authorware

Simulated animation

glitter

webpage

FrontPage、Dreamweaver

Nine, the production of works

Taking web page making as an example, it involves three aspects:

Layout (layout can be done by table)

According to the layout, insert all kinds of materials, and do appropriate effect processing on the materials (text insertion and format adjustment, picture insertion and adjustment, sound, animation, video insertion).

Create a hyperlink

Hyperlinks can jump between different web pages, different websites and different locations on the same web page. You can set hyperlinks for pictures, text, etc. To establish a hyperlink, you need to set a link source and a link target.

X. Dissemination and exchange of information

A variety of information exchange methods, to choose the right way for specific problems.

1. Publish and exchange information through conference presentations: Electronic presentations are suitable for face-to-face and conference-style information dissemination.

2. Express information by e-mail; It has the advantages of convenient transmission and unlimited information expression, and can provide users with a variety of information exchange methods by storing and forwarding. Be sure to know the recipient, sender, recipient address and sender address when using it.

3. Publish and exchange information through online communication tools: Common tools include QQ, MSN, NETMEETING, etc.

Through online communication, you can communicate with your friends conveniently and efficiently through text, voice and video, which is faster than email and cheaper than telephone. At the same time, it can realize multi-party call, point-to-point file transmission and enjoy files.

4. Publish and exchange information through websites: Commonly used websites include blogs, BBS forums and theme websites.

XI。 Classification and application of software

There are two ways for computers to process information: using ready-made software and programming.

Software and its types: system software (software for controlling and managing computer systems) and application software (auxiliary computers).

Work).

1. System software: operating system (DOS, Windows, etc. ), device drivers, programming languages, etc.

2. Application software: word processing software, data management, business software, finance, etc.

3. Use appropriate software to deal with it

Information type

document

data

draw

sound

videotape

animation

webpage

Processing software

Word, WPS, etc.

Excel and so on

Photoshop etc.

Windows recorder Goldwave, etc.

film-maker

Flash, wait

FrontPagre

Twelve, programming to solve problems

1. This paper introduces the general process of programming to solve problems: analyzing algorithms, designing algorithms, writing programs, debugging and running A.

2. Able to design algorithms for simple problems.

Thirteen, intelligent information processing

Understand the application of intelligent information processing and objectively understand the influence of artificial intelligence technology on society.

Applications of common intelligent information processing: pattern recognition, machine translation, and understanding of typical products.

Chapter IV Management of Information Resources

First, the universality and significance of information resource management

Information resource management is to ensure the effective use of information resources. For example, personal management of information resources is to improve the efficiency of work and study. The management of school teaching resources is to improve teaching efficiency and quality. The management of information resources by libraries and TV stations is to meet the needs of the public and enjoy information resources. The management of information resources in enterprises is to grasp the production progress, sales situation and the latest product information and improve production efficiency.

Second, the methods of information resource management

Information resource management methods: manual management, computer management, computer management is divided into file management and database management.

Database is a collection of many related data, which has the functions of deleting, adding, modifying and querying.

management style

Practical example

implement procedures

trait

labor management

Clothes, books

Classified placement

Simple, flexible and intuitive

file management

Put relevant information in the same folder.

Classified storage, resource manager

Intuitive, clear structure and obvious levels.

database administration

Mobile phone, search engine

Classified storage, catalog management and retrieval applications

Massive data and efficient retrieval

Third, the basic ideas and methods of using database to manage information

1. Database composition:

It consists of several two-dimensional tables. The structure of a table consists of fields. The combined data of all fields in each row is a complete "record". When all the records are collected, a "table" is formed.

2. Database management

A database is a collection of many data, which has the functions of deleting, adding, modifying and querying.

3. Relational database: It is composed of some two-dimensional tables, which are connected with each other through related fields.

Chapter V Information Technology and Society

First of all, the influence of information technology,

1. The influence of information technology on individuals:

(1) brings convenience and benefits to individuals (take education as an example: computer-aided courseware improves the efficiency of education and improves students' enthusiasm and participation; Network teaching has laid the foundation for people's lifelong learning and personalized learning.

(2) profoundly change people's work and lifestyle (such as office automation improves work efficiency, e-mail and mobile phones become the main communication methods, and e-commerce has changed the traditional shopping methods. ).

(3) It has an impact on personal employment (the disappearance of a number of traditional occupations and the emergence of new occupations).

(4) Change people's ideas.

2. The impact of information technology on social development.

Promote scientific and technological progress, accelerate industrial transformation and create a new human civilization.

Second, information security and virus prevention.

Understand the basic connotation of information ethics, relevant laws and regulations and the harm of computer crime; In information activities, be able to consciously abide by the laws, norms and ethics of the information society; Be able to identify and resist bad information, and express opinions and opinions on the information activities provided from the aspects of information security and information ethics.

take as an elective

The first chapter into the multimedia

I. Multimedia and multimedia technology

1. Multimedia: Presentation and dissemination of various information carriers (text, sound, image, animation, video).

2. Multimedia technology: computer technology that can collect, store, process and integrate multimedia information such as text, sound, graphics, images, videos and animations.

3. multimedia elements: Media combinations that can be displayed to users in multimedia applications. It mainly includes words, graphics, images, sounds, animations and videos.

Second, the main features of multimedia technology

Understand the main characteristics of multimedia technology; Experience and understand the life and effect of using multimedia technology to display information and exchange ideas; Experience and understand the integration and interactivity of multimedia works.

Integration, interactivity, digitalization, diversity and hypermedia structure.

Third, the application of multimedia technology in development.

Application of multimedia technology: Re-education, communication, military affairs, finance, commerce, entertainment and almost all other social and life fields have been applied.

Future research directions of multimedia: data compression, characteristics and modeling of multimedia information, organization and management of multimedia information, expression and interaction of multimedia information, virtual reality technology, multimedia communication and distribution processing, multimedia software platform and development of multimedia applications.

Chapter II Graphic World in Computer

First, several common methods to obtain circular thin film materials

Scanner scanning

Online access

Digital equipment

Grab the screen.

Drawing with drawing software

Second, graphics, images

name

concept

Function and use

chart

Graphics generally refer to pictures drawn by computers, which are mainly composed of points, lines and circles. Usually expressed by mathematical formula.

Graphics are generally used to express the picture effect in the form of features. There are not many subtle level changes in the picture, which are generally used for statistical charts, engineering design drawings, schematic diagrams, cartoons and so on.

draw

An image usually refers to an actual scene picture captured by an image input device, or an arbitrary picture stored digitally.

Used to represent colorful and complicated pictures. Such as a scanner, a digital camera or a screen.

Third, vector diagram and bitmap

name

concept

trait

disadvantaged

software

Storage format

arrow

quantity

draw

Refers to a picture with a set of instructions to describe the graphic content.

The occupied storage space is relatively small, the editing method is relatively simple, and it is easy to scale, rotate and distort. The clarity of a vector diagram has nothing to do with the resolution. No matter how magnified, it will not affect the clarity.

It is not easy to make images with rich colors or too many color changes, and the drawn graphics are not very realistic.

CorelDraw

Hand-drawn

Computer aided design software of Autodesk company

electromotive force (EMF)

DXF

Windows metafile format.

EPS

main points

form

draw

Also known as bitmap, it is a picture made up of many pixel lattices arranged vertically and horizontally.

Bitmap is to record the color value of each pixel and then synthesize these pixels into an image; It is suitable for images with detailed expression, rich levels and colors, and containing a lot of details. The quality of an image is mainly determined by its resolution and the number of color bits.

Occupy a large storage space.

To modify (a picture or photograph) with a computer.

Fireworks, fireworks

The extension of the Bitmap file (bitmap)

Joint image expert group

GIF format

disagree

(same as preshipmentdocument) Shipping file

Windows metafile format.

EPS

Note: The size of bitmap image is related to resolution (picture size) and color depth.

More storage space required for images = (resolution x color depth (number of color bits)) /8

Chapter III Sound World in Computer

First of all, the recording of sound

1. Equipment:

Sound card: It is an interface circuit for computers to collect and play sounds and realize the mutual conversion between analog signals and digital signals of sounds.

Basic functions of sound card:

(1) converts analog sound signals into digital signals that can be processed by computers.

(2) Convert the digital signal of sound into an analog signal that can be played by the loudspeaker.

(3) Music synthesis function.

(4) Sound reverberator function and digital processing function.

2. Parameters that affect the sound file:

(1) sampling frequency: refers to the number of times that the computer converts the analog signal of sound waves into digital signals every second. There are three standards: 1 1.025 kHz (voice effect), 22.05kHz (music effect) and 44. 1kHz (high fidelity effect).

(2) Quantization bit number: the binary bit number used to store and record the sound amplitude, which determines the dynamic range of the sound: there are generally 8 bits, 16 bits and 32 bits.

(3) Number of channels: refers to the waveform that can be generated by one recording. Monophonic recording can only produce one sound signal, while stereo recording can record or play two channels at the same time.

At the same sampling frequency, the higher the number of quantization bits, the better the sound quality; At the same quantization level, the higher the sampling frequency, the better the sound effect.

3. Type of sound file:

Audio file in (1)cD(cDA) format: the best audio format in the world today. The sampling frequency of standard CD format is 44. 1 kHz, the rate is 88 KB/s, and the quantization bit is 16 bits. The cD audio file is just an index information, not the real sound information.

(2) Sound files in 2)WAV format.

(3) Audio files in 3)MP3 format.

(4)midI format sound file: a set of instructions, which can't produce sound, and the volume is minimal.

Second, the sound collection

1. Get background music from the Internet;

2. Intercept the background music from the cD, and use the software "Super Street Fighter", MP3 and digital CD to capture the tracks;

Record.

Third, the editing of sound.

Coolleditpro can realize sound synthesis, cutting, deletion, noise reduction, volume adjustment, format conversion and other functions.

Fourth, the calculation of sound file data volume

Data amount = sampling frequency × quantization bit number × channel number × time (seconds) /8

Chapter 4 Animation, Video and Virtual Reality

First, animation processing and production

Westward movement principle: Due to the persistence effect of human vision, when several pictures with certain differences are continuously displayed in front of our eyes.

Now, you can feel the effect of animation.

Animation presentation: Animation consists of a series of static pictures that are played continuously, and each picture is called a frame. animation

The rate of is the number of frames played per second in fps.

Storage format of animation:. . swf，。 . Gif (or picture format).

General functions of animation editing software: Flash is a powerful animation making software with rich drawing functions and animation.

Drawing function, you can draw all kinds of vector graphics materials and make animations; But also supports various media file formats. It fits perfectly.

Make all kinds of demonstration animations and interactive animations, the display effect is intuitive and easy to stimulate the interest of the audience. Especially flash production.

Paintings and multimedia files are short and pithy, which are very suitable for online communication, convenient for everyone to communicate and realize the enjoyment of resources.

Cool3d is a software for making simple 3d animation, which can generate files in avi and gif formats.

Second, the preliminary study of virtual reality

Virtual reality: a comprehensive technology, involving computer graphics technology, computer simulation technology, artificial intelligence and other fields, it

People can interact with the virtual world by generating a realistic three-dimensional environment with visual and auditory feelings through computers. Mainly include

The following three meanings: first, generate realistic "entities" with the help of computers; Second, participants can interact with the environment; Third, emptiness

Virtual reality often needs the help of sensing equipment.

Virtual reality making software: c00 1360, which can make panoramic pictures.

Thirdly, video acquisition and processing.

1. video generation principle: a series of gradually changing static pictures form a video. .

2. The format of the video file.

At present, we often see two kinds of video formats:

1, video format.

(1)AvI format; This is a digital audio and food file format developed by Microsoft.

(2)MOV format: This is an audio and video file format developed by Apple.

(3) MPEG/MPG/DAT: This is an encoded video format developed by the International Organization for Standardization.

2. Streaming video format.

(1) RM format: This is a new streaming video file format developed by ReaINetworks.

(2)MOV format: MOV can also be used as a stream file format. QuickTime can provide real information through the Internet.

In order to adapt to this network multimedia application, there are many kinds of QuickTime.

Popular browser software provides corresponding QuickTimeViewer plug-ins, which can realize multi-touch in the browser.

Real-time playback of volume data.

(3)ASF format: This is a streaming media format developed by Microsoft, and it is a real-time multimedia transmission on the Internet.

Technical standards.

3. Video processing content and software used:

Interception, format conversion, synthesis, dubbing, collection, etc. Software: Ulead video editor, windows movie maker, etc.

4. Streaming media: Also called streaming media, it refers to a new mode of media communication, not new media.

5. Network video: The video on the network is mainly transmitted from the server to the user's computer through streaming media. It divides the video file and transmits it.

Chapter V Application of Multimedia Technology

First, the idea of multimedia works

1, determine the production target of multimedia works.

2. Design the structural framework of multimedia works with flow chart.

3. Refine the surface frame with storyboards.

Second, the function of multimedia creation tools

Multimedia authoring tools are tools for editing and making multimedia works. It has the ability to handle text, graphics,

The function of image, video, animation, sound and other media information is also called multimedia development platform or multimedia integrated software.

The basic functions of multimedia authoring tools are:

1. Provide a good programming environment and the ability to control various media data streams;

2. Ability to process various media data

3. Ability to build or generate application systems

4. Application link ability;

5. User interface processing and human-computer interaction functions

6. Ability to preview and play independently.

Three. Types of multimedia authoring tools j

1. Creation tool based on description language or description symbol (organizing various media elements like programming);

2. Creation tools based on flowcharts (with flowcharts as the main structural framework, such as Authorware, etc.). );

3. Creation tools based on time series (using visible time lines to determine the presentation time of objects, such as Flash, etc. ).:J

Fourthly, the choice of multimedia creation tools.

To choose a suitable multimedia authoring tool according to needs, we should not only consider the application scope, production method and media types that can be handled, but also consider the basic functions of the multimedia authoring tool and the following issues:

1. Independent player: It should be able to run independently of the production software.

2. Multimedia data file management: It is best to manage the used media files and the files that control these media separately.

3. Extensibility; Users will present existing files in the designed system. .

Five, the general process of multimedia production

1. Determine the production target (theme, audience, purpose, operating platform) of the work;

2. Planning and designing works (planning content, artistic style, layout)}

3. Collect and process materials.

4. making processed works I,

5. Test published works.

Sixth, know the multimedia creation tool Authorware.

Authorware is an interactive multimedia integration tool produced by Maeromedia. Authorware icons are divided into

Three categories: media material, program control and other auxiliary categories.

Seven, the release form and method of multimedia works

1. Publish the works on CD-ROM;

2. One-click publishing function to publish works;

3. Publish the works to the Internet in the form of web pages.

Eight, the packaging of multimedia works.

The purpose is to make the work run independently of the creative environment.

Nine. Evaluation of multimedia works

Evaluation from three aspects: thought, technology and art.