Several branches of atmospheric science (big things, big exploration, atmospheric science) learn the same things. .

The branches of atmospheric science mainly include atmospheric sounding, climatology, meteorology, dynamic meteorology, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, weather modification and applied meteorology.

▲ Atmospheric sounding is a subject that studies the methods and means of detecting various phenomena in the earth's atmosphere. According to the scope and means of detection, atmospheric detection includes ground meteorological observation, high-altitude meteorological observation, atmospheric remote sensing, meteorological radar and meteorological satellite. The leap of detection means will often bring about important discoveries that were unpredictable in the past. Atmospheric sounding plays a very important role in the development of atmospheric science.

▲ Climatology is a discipline that studies the characteristics, formation and evolution of climate and the relationship between climate and human activities. The research contents mainly include climate characteristics, climate classification, climate zoning, climate causes, climate change, the relationship between climate and human activities, climate prediction and applied climate. Since the 1970s, there have been several climate anomalies around the world, and the grain output in many areas has fallen sharply, which has aroused people's serious concern about the climate. Content of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (such as methane and nitrous oxide). The pollution caused by industrial production in the atmosphere is increasing year by year, and what impact they will have on the earth's climate in a few years is also a very concerned issue. The adoption of electronic computers has promoted the research on the physical factors of climate change and climate simulation. Climate prediction is no longer an illusory problem, but a strategic issue.

▲ Meteorology is a subject that studies the occurrence and development laws of various weather phenomena in the atmosphere and how to apply these laws to weather forecasting. The research contents mainly include weather phenomena, weather system, weather analysis and weather forecast. Climatology and its achievements not only provide rich research topics for atmospheric science, but also directly serve the national economy.

▲ Dynamic meteorology is a subject that applies the laws and mathematical methods of physics and fluid mechanics to study the dynamic and thermodynamic processes of atmospheric motion and their relationship. The research contents mainly include atmospheric thermodynamics, atmospheric dynamics, atmospheric circulation, atmospheric turbulence, numerical weather forecast and numerical simulation. The development of dynamic meteorology plays a very important role in understanding the mechanism of atmospheric movement and mastering the law of weather and climate change. It is the theoretical basic subject of atmospheric science.

▲ Atmospheric physics is a discipline that studies the physical phenomena, physical processes and evolution laws of the atmosphere. The research contents mainly include cloud and precipitation physics, atmospheric optics, atmospheric electricity, atmospheric acoustics, atmospheric radiation and so on. Atmospheric physics is also a basic theoretical discipline in atmospheric science. After 1950s, some people called dynamic meteorology atmospheric physics.

▲ Atmospheric chemistry is a subject that studies atmospheric components and atmospheric chemical processes. The research contents mainly include atmospheric trace gases and its circulation, atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric radioactive substances and precipitation chemistry.

Weather is artificially influenced, and the technology and method of how to change some atmospheric phenomena and processes through microphysical processes affecting clouds and precipitation are studied. Such as artificial precipitation enhancement, hail suppression and fog elimination. Weather modification is an integral part of human transformation of nature.

▲ Applied meteorology is a frontier discipline that combines the principles, methods and achievements of meteorology with various professional disciplines such as agriculture, hydrology, navigation, aviation, military, medical care, etc. It is also an important field for fully developing and utilizing climate resources.

▲ The branches of atmospheric science are not isolated from each other. For example, climatology and the combination of climatology and dynamic meteorology have produced weather dynamics and physical dynamic climatology. The continuous innovation of detection means and the development of trace chemical analysis technology have promoted the analysis and research of atmospheric physical and chemical properties and promoted the development of atmospheric chemistry. In particular, trace gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere have an increasingly significant impact on the climate, and the emergence of air pollution and acid rain not only makes people more aware of the importance of atmospheric chemistry in atmospheric science, but also recognizes the interaction between atmospheric chemical processes and atmospheric physical processes with the deepening of research, thus promoting the mutual integration of these two branches. The combination of meteorological satellite detection and weather analysis produces satellite meteorology, and the combination of meteorological radar detection and cloud and precipitation physics produces radar meteorology. The division and merger of atmospheric science disciplines reflects the continuous and in-depth development of atmospheric science.

▲ In the long historical development process, atmospheric science first focuses on climatology, meteorology, thermodynamics and dynamics of the atmosphere, as well as physical phenomena (such as electric images, light images and audio images) and relatively general chemical phenomena in the atmosphere. Traditionally called "meteorology", it comes from the Greek meteoros and logos, meaning "above the sky" and ". With the application of modern science and technology in meteorology, its research scope is expanding day by day. Therefore, since the 1960s, the term "atmospheric science" has been widely used, greatly expanding the research content of traditional meteorology. In recent years, people have increasingly realized the importance of the interaction and influence between the atmosphere and hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere, so it is necessary to study the change process of other spheres in order to understand the atmospheric change process. Therefore, the research content of atmospheric science is more and more extensive, and the mutual penetration with other disciplines is getting deeper and deeper.

The science of systematically studying the composition, structure and dynamic process of the earth's atmosphere. Atmospheric science has traditionally been divided into three fields: meteorology, climatology and upper atmospheric physics. Meteorology mainly studies the daily or even hourly weather changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Climatology is a statistical description of the long-term (1 month to millions of years) weather conditions in a certain area of the atmosphere. Upper atmospheric physics mainly studies the physical state and dominant process of the upper atmosphere, which refers to the atmospheric region above the lower stratosphere. See climatology and meteorology.