What is a snowstorm? A complete book on common sense of snowstorm.

What is a snowstorm? A complete book on common sense of snowstorm.

First of all, the influence of snow

1, snowflakes can clean many pollutants in the air. After it snows in winter, you will find that the air is much fresher. Moreover, snowfall can also reduce dust, which can be said to be a natural air freshener.

2. Snow has certain influence on human health. Taking a bath with snow water often can not only enhance the resistance of skin and body, but also reduce diseases. It can also promote blood circulation and enhance physical fitness.

If you drink clean snow water for a long time, you can prolong your life, but this snow water is not the snow we usually see. At this time, the snow in the mountains and forests melted. Snow has so many functions because it contains less heavy water than ordinary water 1/4.

Snow can also reduce noise to some extent. Generally, the density of fresh snow per cubic centimeter is 0.05 ~ 0.1g. Because of this, the reflectivity of the snow on the ground to sound waves is relatively low, which can reduce the noise accordingly.

Second, what is the wind blowing snow?

Wind blowing snow is a natural phenomenon that strong winds carry snow, also called snow flow.

Third, the danger of snow and ice.

1, snowstorm is harmful to agricultural production and personal safety. Wind blowing snow mainly transports a large amount of snow in farmland and pasture to other places, exposing a large area of farmland and pasture that needs snow to store water and preserve moisture, which will cause freezing damage to crops and grasslands.

2. It will also flood grasslands, collapse houses, attack sheep, and cause human and animal casualties. In addition, the snow will also cause some damage to the expressway.

Fourth, the danger of blizzard.

1, which hinders the arrangement of traffic, communication and transmission lines.

2, freezing crops, leading to agricultural failure or serious reduction in production, affecting the production and supply of vegetables, bringing a lot of inconvenience to people's lives.

3. After the snowstorm, it will be frequently accompanied by low-temperature freezing injury, which will cause the frail old people and livestock to be frostbitten or freeze to death. Blizzard will also cause roads to freeze, leading to some traffic accidents and pedestrians falling or falling.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) measures to prevent snowstorm

1. Traffic departments should strengthen road inspections and repair damaged roads in time.

2. Go out after the blizzard, pay attention to anti-slip and keep warm. In the face of blizzard weather, choose shoes with good anti-skid performance when going out on the road. It is not advisable to wear high heels or shoes with hard plastic soles. This kind of shoes are easy to fall down and cause fractures.

3. When the vehicle goes out, necessary anti-skid measures should be taken to install anti-skid chains for the vehicle.

When the blizzard is raging, some houses with poor security should be reinforced. Before or during the snowstorm, some temporary buildings should be reinforced and protected in time to avoid casualties caused by the collapse of buildings caused by snow.

Emergency points of intransitive verb blizzard disaster

1, disease prevention. After the heavy snow, the temperature drops rapidly, so it is necessary to do a good job in disease prevention, especially for some elderly people and people who often go out. The system of the elderly is weak, and the change of temperature will cause their physical discomfort, so it is easy to cause some diseases. At this time, some old diseases may recur, especially the sudden drop of temperature, which is easy to aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and prevention cannot be ignored.

2. Snow removal in time. After the snowstorm, it is necessary to remove snow and melt snow in time to prevent roads from freezing and bring more inconvenience to people's travel. In addition, it will also be beneficial to snow removal after freezing. After the blizzard, it is necessary to clean the snow on the road surface in time, or sprinkle snow melting substances such as salt and charcoal ash on the road surface to prevent the road surface from freezing.

Seven, how to save yourself when the snowstorm is besieged?

When a snowstorm happens, if you walk outside at this time, you should learn to save yourself. After the snowstorm, you should go home as soon as possible, not immediately. You should calm down first, find the right route and go home in time.

When a snowstorm happens, you should take good measures to keep out the cold. Never stand still, because it will lead to frostbite. Rub your hands frequently to keep warm and return to a safe place as soon as possible. If you are trapped by snow and cannot walk to a safe place, you should call 1 10 and19 as soon as possible to actively seek rescue.

Eight, the method of delaying life when the snowstorm is besieged.

When a snowstorm happens, it is always accompanied by strong winds. At this time, if you find yourself trapped by a snowstorm and can't escape, you should take a delay to save yourself.

First of all, try to keep your mouth closed to prevent the wind and snow from pouring into your mouth and causing respiratory obstruction. As long as the respiratory tract is clear, it can effectively prolong life and have a chance to get rid of the danger of snowstorm.

Secondly, after being surrounded by a blizzard, we should pay attention to preserving our physical strength. It is even more dangerous to faint or coma because of physical exhaustion. So, remember not to make a hullabaloo about, save oxygen, save physical strength and wait for rescue.

Finally, we should pay attention to observing our environment, strive to create an environment conducive to our survival, and pay attention to whether anyone can pass by, so as to save ourselves better.

Nine, how to scientifically deal with the sudden snowstorm?

People are often unprepared for sudden snowstorms. Facing the sudden snowstorm, people should try to stay indoors and not go out. If you are already outdoors, stay away from billboards, temporary structures and old trees to avoid injury. When passing under a bridge, eaves, etc. , pay attention to observe or bypass, so as not to hurt people because the ice melts and falls off.

If you are in a motor vehicle when a snowstorm suddenly strikes, you can deflate the motor vehicle tires a little to increase the friction between the tires and the road surface and reduce traffic accidents caused by slippery roads in snowy days. And at this time, we must obey the command of the traffic police and obey the traffic diversion arrangements.

If there is a power outage in your area after the snowstorm, report it to the power department in time so that they can deal with it quickly.

X. definition of snowstorm

Snow disaster, also known as white disaster, is a natural phenomenon caused by long-term heavy snowfall.

XI。 Cause of formation

1, permanent snow: the amount of snow above the snow balance line is greater than the melting amount in the current year, and the snow does not melt all the year round;

2. Stable snow (continuous snow): seasonal snow with continuous spatial distribution and snow accumulation time (more than 60 days);

3. Unstable snow (discontinuous snow): Although there is snow every year and the temperature is low, the snow is discontinuous in space and mostly distributed in points. In terms of time, the number of snow days is 10~60 days, which is intermittent;

4. Instant snow: It mainly occurs in South China and Southwest China. The average temperature in these areas is very high, but during the monsoon season,

In particularly strong years, due to cold wave or strong cold air, large-scale snowfall occurs, but it melts quickly, resulting in short-term (generally no more than 10 day) snow on the surface;

5. It doesn't snow: Except for some high-altitude mountainous areas, it doesn't snow all the year round. Snow disasters mainly occur in stable snow-covered areas and unstable snow-covered mountainous areas, and occasionally appear in instantaneous snow-covered areas.

XII. Classification of Blizzard

1, hairstyle

Sudden snowstorms will occur during or after snowstorm weather, and the thick snow lasting for several days will pose a threat to livestock. This kind of snowstorm is most common in the late autumn and early spring with changeable climate, such as the rare snowstorm in Qinghai Province from late March to early April in 2009, and the middle of 1985 l0 is the most obvious example of this kind of snowstorm in recent years.

2. Continuous type

The thickness and density of the snow that harms livestock gradually increase with the snowfall, and it takes a long time for the snow to stabilize. This type can last from late autumn to the following spring, such as the severe snowstorm in Qinghai Province 1974 10 to March 1975, which lasted for five months, and the extreme minimum temperature dropped to MINUS 30-40 degrees.

Thirteen, the law of snowstorm

The law of snowstorm in this area:

According to the analysis of investigation materials, the snowstorm in grassland and pastoral areas in China has the law of once every ten years. As for the general snowstorm, its frequency is more frequent. According to statistics, pastoral areas in Tibet are about once every two to three years, and so are pastoral areas in Qinghai. In pastoral areas of Xinjiang, due to the great differences in climate and geography, the frequency of snowstorms varies greatly. The frequency of snow disasters in winter pasture and spring and autumn pasture in Altai Mountain, western Junggar, northern Xinjiang along Tianshan Mountain and western mountainous area of southern Xinjiang reaches 50-70%, that is, snow disasters occur in 5-7 years in 10. Other regions are below 30%. Snowstorm-prone areas are often serious, such as Altay, Fuyun and other places. The frequency of snowstorms is as high as 70%, and severe snowstorms are as high as 50%. On the contrary, areas with low frequency of snowstorms are often areas with light snowstorms. For example, the frequency of snowstorms in hot springs is only 5%, and it is a mild snowstorm. However, no matter which herder has a big snowstorm, it rarely happens year after year.

During a snowstorm, winter snow usually begins at 10, and Chun Xue usually ends in April. What is more harmful is generally the so-called "sitting in winter snow" formed by heavy snow in late autumn and early winter. Then there was a continuous snowfall, which made the grassland snow thicker and thicker, so that the snow that harmed livestock lasted all winter.

The area where the snowstorm occurs is closely related to the distribution of precipitation. Such as pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia; Snowstorms mainly occur in Bameng, Wumeng, Ximeng, Zhao Meng and northern Zhemeng in central Inner Mongolia, with a frequency of more than 30%, with the heaviest and most frequent snowstorms in Yinshan area. Due to the unusually dry winter in the west, there are almost no snowstorms. In pastoral areas of Xinjiang, snow disasters are mainly concentrated in mountain pastures around Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang. Snow disasters rarely occur in southern Xinjiang except in the western mountainous areas. In the pastoral areas of Qinghai, snowstorms are mainly concentrated in Hainan, Guoluo, Yushu, Huangnan and Haixi, which have more precipitation in winter in the south. In the pastoral areas of Tibet, snow disasters are mainly concentrated in Naqu area near Tanggula in northern Tibet and Xigaze area in southern Tibet. The former is often associated with snowstorms in southern Qinghai.

Fourteen Index of snow disaster

People usually regard the depth of grassland snow as the primary sign of snow disaster. Due to the different growth heights of grassland and pasture, the depth of snow forming snowstorm is also different. According to the analysis of observation and investigation data in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang for many years, and comparing the relationship between snowfall and blizzard formation over the years, the blizzard indicators are as follows:

Light blizzard: the snowfall in winter and spring is equivalent to more than 120% of the snowfall in the same period of the year;

Moderate snowstorm: the snowfall in winter and spring is equivalent to more than 140% of the snowfall in the same period of the year;

Heavy snowstorm: the snowfall in winter and spring is equivalent to more than 160% of the snowfall in the same period of the year.

Snow disaster index can also be expressed by other physical quantities, such as snow depth, density and temperature. However, the biggest advantage of the above indicators is that they are easy to use and the data are easy to obtain.

Fifteen, blizzard warning

First, the blue warning signal of blizzard

Standard:/kloc-The snowfall will reach more than 4 mm within 0/2 hours, or it has reached more than 4 mm and the snowfall continues, which may have an impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

Defense guide:

1, the government and relevant departments shall prepare for snow disaster and freezing damage according to their duties;

2, transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should carry out road, railway, line inspection and maintenance, do a good job of road cleaning and snow melting;

3. Pedestrians should pay attention to cold prevention and anti-skid, drivers should drive carefully and vehicles should take anti-skid measures;

4, agricultural and pastoral areas and aquaculture to reserve feed, do a good job of snow and antifreeze;

5. Reinforce temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, such as scaffolding.

Second, the yellow warning signal of blizzard

Standard:/kloc-The snowfall will reach more than 6 mm within 0/2 hours, or it has reached more than 6 mm and the snowfall continues, which may have an impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

Defense guide:

1, the government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, implement measures to prevent snowstorms and freezing damage;

2, transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should strengthen the inspection and maintenance of roads, railways and lines, do a good job of road cleaning and snow melting;

3. Pedestrians should pay attention to cold prevention and anti-skid, drivers should drive carefully and vehicles should take anti-skid measures;

4, agricultural and pastoral areas and aquaculture should prepare enough feed to prevent snowstorms and freezing damage;

5. Reinforce temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, such as scaffolding.

Third, the orange warning signal of blizzard

Standard: within 6 hours, the snowfall will reach10mm or above10mm and the snowfall will continue, which may have a great impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

Defense guide:

1, the government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in emergency prevention of snow disasters and freezing injuries;

2, transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should strengthen the inspection and maintenance of roads, railways and lines, do a good job of road cleaning and snow melting;

3. Reduce unnecessary outdoor activities;

4. Reinforce scaffolding and other temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, and drive outdoor livestock into the shed for food.

Fourth, Blizzard red warning signal

Standard: The snowfall will be above 15mm within 6 hours, or it will be above 15mm and the snowfall will continue, which may have a great impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

Defense guide:

1, the government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in emergency rescue to deal with snowstorms and freezing injuries.

2, when necessary, suspend classes, business (except for special industries)

3, when necessary, the plane suspended take-off and landing, the train stopped running, the highway was temporarily closed.

4. Do a good job in disaster relief work in pastoral areas.

What should I do before the snowstorm comes?

1. Pay close attention to the latest forecast and early warning information of blizzard.

2. Prepare for road cleaning and snow melting.

3. Reduce outdoor activities and vehicles before arrival, and avoid to a safe place.

4. Don't stay in unstable and unsafe buildings, but stay in a safe house.

5, do a good job of cold and warm, prepare enough food and water.

Seventeen, what should I do if the snowstorm comes?

1, try to keep your mouth shut to prevent the wind and snow from pouring into your mouth and causing respiratory obstruction.

2. Pay attention to save physical strength, remember not to shout, save oxygen, save physical strength and wait for rescue.

3, pay attention to observe their own environment, and strive to create an environment conducive to their own survival, pay attention to whether someone passes by, pay attention to better save themselves.

18. Disaster caused by snowstorm

1, the impact on the local economy

The local traffic was interrupted, the transportation of products and raw materials was blocked, and production came to a standstill, which greatly affected the local GDP.

The transportation of coal and electricity is blocked, and the power plant is stopped or semi-stopped, which directly affects the local power transmission production. Power failure, production stoppage. For those continuous production, it has brought huge losses, such as road repair in petrochemical, chemical, paper and other continuous production industries, direct losses of wires, poles, towers, vehicles and other items, and losses of vegetables, fruits and grain.

Casualties.

According to the calculation of annual output 10 month, this disaster is equivalent to a total suspension of production for about 30 days, and the direct impact on China's GDP is =30/300 * 10%.

The World Bank estimates that China's GDP in 2008 was about 10%, so it will be reduced to about 9% due to the snowstorm.

2, the impact on the environment

After the snow disaster melts, the groundwater level rises, and disasters such as schistosomiasis are prone to occur in Jiangxi and Hunan.

Sprinkle salt and snow melting agent on the road to remove snow, and the salt will dissolve into the soil, leading to the hardening and deterioration of groundwater quality and soil quality.

3, the impact on the system

Blizzard caused problems in the supply of staple food and non-staple food. Forcing the state to adopt the policy of compulsory price increase is a test for producers and operators and does not conform to market rules.

4. Human influence

Millions of migrant workers can't go back to their hometown during the Spring Festival, psychological problems, marital feelings and other family problems.

Nineteen. Ways to reduce the loss of snowstorm

Snowfall is accompanied by cold wave or cold air attack, and too much snowfall will cause blizzard. At present, human beings can't control the occurrence of snowstorms, but people should do a good job to reduce or avoid the harm caused by snowstorms.

When a snowstorm occurs, the metropolis is accompanied by windy weather and heavy snow, which is the most serious harm. Therefore, in order to reduce the wind speed better, planting grass and trees and building windbreaks are one of the effective measures.

Vigorously planting grass and trees and actively building windbreaks can not only increase the surface coverage, but also effectively reduce the wind. Its function will be strengthened with the growth of shelter forest age. The effective reduction of wind power has played a certain role in reducing the harm of snow disasters, especially in the pastoral areas where snow disasters occur frequently in China.

In order to better reduce the losses caused by the snowstorm, it is necessary to reinforce the buildings. It is necessary to pay attention to the quality of buildings and infrastructure construction in areas with frequent snowstorms, reduce the collapse of houses and some infrastructure when snowstorms strike, better protect people's lives and effectively reduce snowstorm losses.

Finally, efforts should be made to forecast the snowstorm weather, and when the possibility of snowstorm is detected, timely notice should be given, and corresponding preparations should be made to reduce losses.

Twenty, how to prevent snow blindness

"Snow blindness", also known as "ophthalmia", is the damage to the eyes caused by the strong reflection of ultraviolet rays on the snow surface in Yangguan. There are symptoms such as jealousy, fear of light, tears, foreign body sensation and blurred vision.

After continuous snowfall, people walking or working in snowy days for a long time may lead to snow blindness. When working or playing outside in snowy days, you need to be alert to the occurrence of "snow blindness". When a snowstorm occurs, the number of patients with snow blindness will increase, and attention should be paid to protecting eyes after the snowstorm.

In order to prevent the strong light reflected from the snow surface from causing "snow blindness", it is suggested that people who have been dealing with snow for a long time wear protective sunglasses when going out for training or on duty.

If "snow blindness" occurs, first wash your eyes with cold boiled water or eye drops, then gently cover your eyes with an eye patch or clean handkerchief and gauze, and try to close your eyes and rest.

The symptoms of "snow blindness" usually take 5 to 7 days to eliminate.

21. How to protect yourself after a snowstorm?

1, away from motor vehicles. After the snowstorm, there is more snow on the road, and motor vehicles are particularly prone to slip when driving on the road, which also reduces the braking performance of motor vehicles to some extent. When people cross the road, if they see a motor vehicle coming, they must be careful and wait for the bus to pass before crossing the road.

In addition, it is best for citizens to go out on the sidewalk. Usually, some citizens like to walk on the edge of the fast lane, and some children regard the ice marks left by motor vehicles as "skating lanes", which is very, very dangerous.

2. Support the ground with your hands when wrestling. Traveling after snow will be more difficult. When walking on icy roads, you should walk as slowly as possible, and pay attention to the road surface to avoid falling when walking. If you fall, try to support the ground with your hands and elbows, which can reduce the impact of your back and back on the ground and avoid hurting important parts such as your brain.

3. Wear flat shoes when going out. When walking in the snow after heavy snow, remember to lift heavy objects. When walking, you'd better not put your hands in your pockets, because your hands can keep their balance by fluctuating back and forth. Try not to wear leather shoes when going out, and the elderly, especially those with osteoporosis, try not to go out in snowy days.

Try to keep warm when you come back from traveling. Nowadays, people's living standards are improving day by day, and the heating in residential quarters in many cities is very good, which makes the indoor temperature of residents' homes much higher than the outdoor temperature. Some citizens will take off their coats and only wear sweaters or even thin underwear when they travel after snow. At this time, entering and leaving the balcony and courtyard is easy to cause a cold due to the large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. So pay attention to keep warm.

22. How to scientifically prevent freezing in snowstorm weather?

During and after a snowstorm, the weather usually gets cold. In this weather, children, women and students are most vulnerable to frostbite, but frostbite can still be prevented by taking effective measures.

Frostbite is mainly caused by low temperature and cold wave. But it is also influenced by other factors. If it is wet, windy, wearing too little clothes and staying still for a long time, it will aggravate frostbite. In addition, fatigue

Alcoholism, hunger, blood loss, malnutrition, etc. It will also greatly reduce the body's resistance, which will cause frostbite.