How did Zhuge Liang consolidate the rule of Shu Han?

In 223 AD, Liu Bei, who crusaded against Sun Wu, was defeated and returned to China. He was depressed. When Liu Beigang arrived in Baidicheng (now fengjie county, Sichuan), he could not afford to get sick. Considering that his son was simple and honest, and Zhuge Liang was in power, Liu Bei came up with a plan to execute him, and cried for the last time before he died, firmly fixing Zhuge Liang's position as prime minister and his son Liu Chan's throne. Later generations tend to regard this tragedy of the abdication of the White Emperor as a typical story of Zhuge Liang's "dying with all his heart", but if it were not for Liu Bei's dying cry, the ambitious Zhuge Liang might take Liu Chan instead. The foundation built by Liu Bei's painstaking efforts may also be destroyed. Liu Bei's dying cry finally made the Liu Dynasty in Shu Han Dynasty last for 40 years.

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang did follow Liu Bei's instructions and managed Shu Han in an orderly way in the following ten years, saving Liu Chan a lot of heart.

Such a neglected emperor, Zhuge Liang is willing to be a powerful assistant minister. No matter how big or small, it is up to him to decide: in order to fulfill Liu Bei's legacy, it is more to realize his own ideals. In the next ten years, Zhuge Liang conquered the west and consolidated the rule of Shu Han. After Liu Chan came to power, he took rectifying the internal affairs, developing the economy in central Sichuan and making up with Sun Quan as several major issues to be solved first. In A.D. 223, Zhuge Liang sent Shang Shulang and Deng Zhi to Wu Dong. Deng Zhi lived up to his mission and persuaded Sun Quan to break off relations with Cao Wei and make peace with Shu Han.

While restoring the alliance between Wu and Shu, Zhuge Liang concentrated on rectifying internal affairs, rewarding production and saving food and grass. After two years, the economic situation of Shu Han improved, and Zhuge Liang saw that the time was ripe, so he led an army to quell the rebellion in southern China in 225 AD.

Wherever the Shu army went, it won successively. Soon, it cleared the peripheral areas and went deep into the hinterland of South China. Meng Huo, the leader of ethnic minorities, collected the remnants of the army and continued to fight against the Shu army. Meng Huo not only fought bravely, but also had a certain prestige and influence among the local Han nationality and ethnic minorities. Zhuge Liang decided to accept Meng Huo. Meng Huo is a brave and foolhardy man. On the first day of the battle with the Shu army, he was captured alive by Zhuge Liang and taken to the barracks. Zhuge Liang immediately ordered someone to untie him and accompany him to inspect the Shu military camp. Zhuge Liang asked Meng Huo, "What do you think of my army?" Meng Huo said haughtily, "I didn't understand your reality before, so I lost." Now I see your army, that's all. I will beat you next time. "ZhuGeLiangXiao said," in that case, go back and call again. "

After Meng Huo was put back, he confronted the Shu army again and failed again. Zhuge Liang saw that he would not let him go. In this way, Meng Huo released and grabbed, grabbed and released. When Zhuge Liang was ready to release him for the seventh time, Meng Huo was moved and said, "Prime Minister Tianwei, I will convince people with my words, and southerners will never make a mistake again."

After Zhuge Liang pacified South China, he re-divided South China, sent local governors, taught ethnic minorities to develop agriculture and handicrafts, and sent people to cook salt and smelt iron, which made South China politically stable and economically developed. Since then, South China has developed.

After pacifying the rear, Zhuge Liang began to make active preparations in order to leave Qishan in the north and forge ahead in the Central Plains. In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang prepared for the Northern Expedition after properly arranging his own political affairs. Before he left, Zhuge Liang put a stamp on Liu Chan, which is a "model" handed down through the ages.

After Zhuge Liang left Qishan in the north, he successively captured Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anshi counties, and Wei, the general of Tianshui, surrendered to Zhuge Liang. When the news of Zhuge Liang's capture of Qishan reached Luoyang, Wei was frightened and calm. He transferred troops to the west to resist the main force of the Shu army and personally sat in Chang' an to appease the people.

At this time, Zhuge Liang decided to send troops to occupy the street pavilion (now southeast of Zhuanglang, Gansu). Zhuge Liang decided to promote Ma Su, who likes to study the art of war since childhood, as a pioneer, Wang Ping as a lieutenant and Ma Su as an assistant.

Ma Su and Wang Ping led the troops to Jieting, and Zhang He's Wei Jun came from the east. Ma Su looked at the terrain and said to Wang Ping, "The terrain around here is very dangerous. There is a mountain next to the street pavilion. It's just camping on the mountain and laying an ambush. "

Wang Ping reminded him, "When we left, the Prime Minister told us to hold on to the city and set up camp to hold on. It's too risky to camp in the mountains. "

Ma Su, who had no combat experience, thought he was familiar with the art of war and didn't listen to Wang Ping's advice at all. He insisted on camping in the mountains. Wang Ping's repeated efforts to persuade Ma Su were useless, so he had to ask Ma Su to allocate 1,000 troops for him to be stationed near the mountain.

Zhang Heling Wei Jun came to Jieting. He saw that Ma Su gave up the ready-made city and didn't hold it, so he stationed his troops on the mountain. He secretly pleased, immediately ordered the soldiers to camp at the foot of the mountain, and surrounded the mountain where Ma Su camped.

Ma Su ordered the soldiers to rush down the mountain several times, but the Shu army could not break through because Zhang He stuck to the camp. On the contrary, many people were killed by Wei Jun's random arrows. Wei Jun cut off the water supply on the mountain. The Shu army was cut off from water on the mountain for a long time, and it was chaotic first. Zhang He seized the opportunity and launched a general attack. Shu army soldiers fled in succession, and Ma Su couldn't help wanting to ban them. Finally, he had to go to deus ex and escape to Qishan alone.

When Wang Ping learned that Ma Su had failed, he told the soldiers to beat drums and pretend to attack. Zhang He suspected that the Shu army had an ambush and did not dare to approach. Wang Ping tidied up the team and retreated unhurriedly. He not only lost 1000 people, but also took in many stragglers from Ma Su. Zhuge Liang was annoyed that Ma Su lost his street pavilion. Taiwei led Sima Yi to chase after him and led his troops to the gate.

At that time, Zhuge Liang sent elite troops, only some old and weak soldiers and a group of literati who could not fight. But after all, Zhuge Liang is a rare politician and strategist. He thought that dealing with Sima Yi with his present strength would be tantamount to throwing eggs at a stone, but if he fled hastily, Sima Yi would certainly continue to hunt down and perhaps become a prisoner. Zhuge Liang's plan came to his mind and immediately ordered Guan Xing and Zhang Bao to lead three thousand chosen men to Wugong Mountain, shouting bluff. Zhang Yi was ordered to lead troops to repair Jiange in case of retreat; Ma Dai and Ma Chao were ordered to patrol and lie down in the valley to prevent accidents. He also ordered all the flags in the city to be lowered and the city gates to be opened. Twenty soldiers were used at each city gate, took off their military uniforms, dressed as ordinary civilians, and swept the streets with tools. Other pedestrians came in and out without any signs of nervousness.

After the deployment, Zhuge Liang himself wore a crane, a huayang towel and a goose feather fan, led two children to sit on the railing of the tower, and then ordered people to burn incense and play the piano. Sima yi's vanguard troops chased after the city, but nothing happened in the city. I saw Zhuge Liang playing the piano on the rostrum and enjoying the scenery. I'm confused. I didn't know what medicine Zhuge Liang was selling, so I didn't dare to rush forward, so I stopped and reported it to Sima Yi. General Sima Yi thought it was a false report, so he ordered the three armies to rest in place, while he galloped to see what was going on.

Sure enough, Zhuge Liang sat on the rostrum, smiling, burning incense and playing the piano, carefree, and without any expression of fear and panic. I saw a child with a sword on the left and a child with a dusty tail on the right, just like at home. Look at more than 20 people inside and outside the city, who are sweeping the floor with their heads down, in no hurry, and there is no fighting atmosphere at all. Sima Yi gasped after reading it, thinking that there must be heavy troops buried in the city. Zhuge Liang sits on the top of the city, which is convenient for commanding. If he attacks, he may fall into Zhuge Liang's plan. So he ordered a retreat.

The fall of the street pavilion disrupted Zhuge Liang's deployment. The Shu army lost its offensive stronghold. Seeing that there was no hope of winning, Zhuge Liang led thousands of troops and retreated to Hanzhong.

Zhuge Liang was very sad about the loss of the street pavilion and traced the responsibility. First of all, Masu violated the deployment and caused fatal mistakes. Zhuge Liang executed Ma Su according to law. After Ma Su was executed, Zhuge Liang personally offered sacrifices, and when he remembered his friendship with Ma Su for many years, he could not help but burst into tears, and the soldiers of the Shu army were also moved to tears. Zhuge Liang thinks that Wang Ping dissuaded Ma Su in the street pavilion, saved his troops when withdrawing troops, and made some contributions, so he should be rewarded. He promoted Wang Ping to join the army and put him in charge of the five armies.

So Zhuge Liang wrote to Liu Chan, asking for punishment. Liu Chan received the letter and didn't know what to do. A minister said, "Since the Prime Minister has this opinion, let's follow him." Liu Chan reduced Zhuge Liang to General Right, acting as Prime Minister.

Later, Zhuge Liang led the army to attack Wei twice, and the Shu army won a partial victory. Liu Chan, the late ruler, thought that Zhuge Liang had made new contributions, so he wrote a letter to restore Zhuge Liang as prime minister.

In 229 AD, Sun Quan officially proclaimed himself emperor, sent envoys to Chengdu, and suggested that he and he should respect each other as emperors. Liu Chan agreed with Zhuge Liang's idea of putting the overall situation first, sent envoys to Soochow to congratulate Sun Quan, and concluded a new covenant, which stipulated non-aggression and divided the land of Cao Wei equally after the destruction of Wei.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang made full preparations and led a hundred thousand troops to launch the last Northern Expedition in his life. He sent messengers to Wu Dong, and at the same time asked Sun Quan to launch an offensive. With the cooperation of things, Wei was attacked on both sides. In April, Zhuge Liang went out of Xietaniguchi to Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of Weishui, where he held a stalemate with Sima Yi. In order to make long-term plans, he sent some soldiers to build camps to prepare for war; Another part of the soldiers were sent to the wasteland of Wuzhangyuan to farm with the locals. The Shu army has strict discipline and the people get along well with the soldiers.

After several victories, Zhuge Liang set an ambush in the valley above, "causing wooden fences, digging deep ditches in the camp, and accumulating more dry wood to light things;" In the surrounding mountains, build a nest with firewood and bury mines inside and outside. "Sima Yi's army lured into the valley with a coup, and it was a hit. The torches were thrown on the mountain together, burning Taniguchi, the rockets were shot on the mountain together, the mines were prominent together, and the dry wood in the hut caught fire together. Wei Bing suffered numerous casualties, and Sima's father and son had no way to run, so they were certain to die and wept bitterly. Later, because the fire was too strong and the local terrain was conducive to the formation of local weather, it suddenly rained cats and dogs, and Sima Yi was saved from death. When Zhuge Liang saw this, he couldn't help but sigh: "God helps Shu! "At this point, Sima Yi hung up the war-free card and could not insist.

At this time, news came from Wu Dongjun. It turned out that Wu Dong's army had been unable to attack Hefei for a long time, so it retreated to China, leaving only Shu Han to fight alone. Zhuge Liang was anxious and challenged in every way, but Sima Yi just ignored him. So Zhuge Liang sent someone to send Sima Yi a woman's dress with a letter saying, "As a general, you command Cao Wei's army, but you dare not lead the army to the end. What is the difference between this and women? I am sending plainclothes clothes now. If you are ashamed and have some masculinity, just sign my letter to you and designate a decisive battle. If you are too timid to fight, take a woman's headscarf and plain clothes. " Sima Yi was furious after reading the letter, but said with a smile, "Kong Ming thinks I am a woman." After that, let me accept what I sent, treat me well and pretend as if nothing had happened.

Wei Jun, the general, was furious when he saw Ge Liang humiliating Sima Yi with his women's clothes, and demanded a showdown with Shu soldiers. Sima Yi remained unmoved. Zhuge Liang anticipated Sima Yi's psychology, and Sima Yi was also spying on Zhuge Liang. On one occasion, Zhuge Liang sent messengers to Wei Ying to challenge him. Sima Yi received the envoy politely and chatted with him, saying, "Your Premier must be very busy. How have you been recently? How is your appetite? "

The messenger thought that Sima Yi's questions were all polite, so he honestly replied, "The Prime Minister is really busy, and everything in the military camp should be taken care of by himself. He gets up early and goes to bed late. I just have a bad appetite recently and eat very little. " After the messenger left, Sima Yi said to the left and right soldiers, "Look, Zhu Gekongming eats little and his business is so heavy. How long can he last? " Sure enough, as Sima Yi expected, Zhuge Liang did not fight when he saw Sima Yi's deep ditch and high base, but he did not want to retreat. The hero has no place to play, so he can't help being depressed and sick.

A few days later, Zhuge Liang finally died at the age of 54.