What are the geographical features of the introduction of human geography in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province?

Hanzhong is located in the southwest of the motherland, bordering Qinling Mountains in the north and Daba Mountain in the south, with a total area of 27,246 square kilometers. Hanzhong Plain, which is formed by the alluvial of Hanshui River. It has a subtropical climate. Hanzhong City is located in the upper reaches of Hanshui River, in the middle of Hanzhong Basin, east longitude10651-kloc-0/0710, and north latitude 33 2-33 22. Topographic features are low in the south and high in the north. There are three landforms in the city: flat dam, hills and mountains. Pingba is the first and second steps of the alluvial plain of the Han River, with an altitude of 500-600 meters, flat terrain and fertile soil, accounting for 34.62% of the city's area. The hills are wide valleys and shallow hills formed by alluvial fans in front of the mountain, with an altitude of 60 1-800 meters, and the terrain fluctuates greatly, accounting for about 28. 1% of the city's area. The mountainous area is a shallow mountain and Zhongshan area formed on the southern slope of Qinling Mountains. The terrain is complex and the soil is barren. The altitude is between 70 1-2038 meters, accounting for about 37.2% of the city's total area. Hanzhong basin is about 37 kilometers wide from north to south and 1 16 kilometers long from east to west, accounting for 1.9% of the total area of Hanzhong area, with 303,200 mu of cultivated land, mainly paddy fields. Hanzhong belongs to the subtropical climate zone, with Qinling barrier in the north, which is not easy to be attacked by cold current and has a mild and humid climate. Hydrology The rivers in this area belong to the Yangtze River basin, the east-west direction of the Han River and the north-south direction of the Jialing River. On the south slope of Micang Mountain, there are some rivers in the upper reaches of Qujiang River. At the same time, there are many rivers, with an average length of 1.4-2 km per square kilometer. Hanjiang River System: The Hanjiang River, also known as Hanshui River, is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River and was called Mianshui in ancient times. Hanzhong is located in the upper reaches of the Han River, with Qinling Mountains in the north, Micang Mountain in the south, Jialing River Basin in the west and Woods, Chazhen and Chuhe River in the east. Hanjiang River is also the dividing line between Qinling and Bashan Mountains. The main stream of Hanjiang River flows through Ningqiang, Mianxian, Hanzhong, Nanzheng, Chenggu, Yangxian and Xixiang from west to east, and crosses Hanzhong Basin, which is the skeleton of water network in this area. Jialing River water system: distributed in the west and southwest of the region. The main stream runs through Lueyang and Ningqiang counties from north to south and is a transit river. This valley is long and narrow. Climate and temperature: The geographical distribution of temperature in this area is mainly controlled by topography. The annual average temperature is 65438 04℃. The west is slightly lower than the east, and the north and south mountainous areas are lower than the flat dams and hills. The annual average temperature in Pingba area below 600 meters above sea level is14.2 ~14.6℃; The average annual temperature in areas above1000m is lower than12℃; The annual average temperature in the western valley of Jialing River is higher than 65438 03℃. Precipitation: Hanzhong is located in the mid-latitude of the northern hemisphere, forming a warm and humid airflow of annual precipitation, mainly from the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean, followed by the western Pacific Ocean. In summer, under the influence of the subtropical high, the water vapor in the Bay of Bengal flows northward along the southwest monsoon in the lower part of the southwest vortex, passing through Tibet, Yunnan and northwest Sichuan, reaching over this area. The water vapor in the western Pacific enters this area with the southeast airflow at the edge of subtropical high. Winter is controlled by the polar continental cold air mass (mainly Mongolian high pressure), and there are many northwest monsoon, which leads to cold, dry and little rain. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons, with warm and little rain in spring, cool and rainy in autumn and humid climate. Water vapor evaporated in space by ground vegetation, reservoirs, rivers and pastoral areas. Almost no participation in precipitation. The warm and humid airflow from southwest and southeast is blocked by Bashan and Qinling Mountains, which makes this area abundant in rainfall. However, because the two mountains are located on the southwest airflow path, the convergence of the water vapor system in the middle and lower clouds, the uplift of the terrain and the vertical influence of the mountains, the water vapor in this area is unequal between the north and the south, and the precipitation distribution is very different. The average precipitation for many years is between 700- 1700 mm, of which Micang Mountain in the south is the most abundant and the highest in Shaanxi. Humidity: The distribution trend of annual average relative humidity in the whole Hanzhong area is basically from the south to the north. 70-80% of Hanjiang and Bashan Pingba; Qinling 73%. It is smaller in winter and spring and larger in summer and autumn. 9. The month of10 is the highest in the whole year, both of which are 80%-86%; In winter (12, 1, February), 75%-80% are in Pingba and Bashan mountain areas of Hanjiang River; Qinling Mountains 58%-66%. Wind: the average annual wind speed in this area is between1-2.5m/s ... windy days are rarely seen, with an average of less than 2 days per year, but the surrounding suburbs are different. Folk songs, folk songs and folk songs have been sung since ancient times in the area of Bashan Mountain in Qinling Mountains, Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi, which are rich in content, diverse in forms and lively. Or a solo, or two duets. There are Tongshan songs (also known as Maoshan songs, Cowherd songs and sister songs), folk songs, minor songs, labor songs, ceremony songs (wedding songs, wedding songs, birthday celebration songs, toast songs, boxing songs, concierge songs, filial piety songs, Haruka-speaking songs, incense-worshipping songs, Buddhist sentences and so on. ), vegetable songs, children's songs, etc. Generally, the taste is humorous, the humor is implicit, the tune is euphemistic and stretched, there are high notes and flat tones, the feelings are soft and delicate, and there are many Sichuan-Chu styles, unlike the folk songs in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi. In order to speed up the progress, one or three people beat gongs and drums behind the crowd, sing the songs of supervisors, and compose and sing randomly according to the situation, especially behind people with slow progress or poor work quality, so as to encourage the work to speed up the progress and improve the quality. This form makes the production site lively and eliminates the fatigue, fatigue and loneliness of workers. Shehuo is popular in all counties of the city. Generally, during the Spring Festival, street, town and village tours will be held in various forms. There are hanging table cores, stilts and earth fires. And all kinds of facial makeup costumes play dramatic characters and scenes, integrating music, dance, art and acrobatics. The core social fire of the hanging platform in southern Shaanxi is particularly famous. Multi-story steel frame decorated with dramatic figures, up to five or six stories, is extremely thrilling. There are also lion dances, colorful lotus boats, bamboo horses, dragon lanterns, bench dances and shell dances. Fireworks are also called "flowers" Fireworks are usually set off on festivals such as Spring Festival or Lantern Festival. Moziqiao Fireworks in Yangxian County is the most famous since the Qing Dynasty, and was once transferred to Beijing to attend the National Day Fireworks Gala. There are more than 160 varieties, such as rod flower, basket flower, horse flower, sky gun, starry sky, meteor chasing the moon, dragon palace, fire tree silver flower, continuous musket and so on. Colorful, colorful. Diao Han Huang Er local opera in southern Shaanxi developed from folk songs, folk songs and minor tunes in Hanshui River valley, and its tone is pronounced in Hanzhong area, which is similar to that in Hubei. Good at literati drama, rich in Bashan flavor, elegant timbre, euphemistic singing, soft speech, humorous language, delicate performance, simple and generous, singing Bashan strong, known for Sichuan style. Plate type can be divided into upward adjustment and downward adjustment, and upward adjustment is mostly used to express sadness, desolation and indignation; Downward adjustment shows a more comfortable, bright and unrestrained mood. Hantai District, Xixiang County, zhenba county and other places performed Diao Han Huang Er before the 1960s, but now there are no more. Du, also known as Hanzhong Bangzi, was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. It is one of the nine major operas in Shaanxi and the largest opera in southern Shaanxi, belonging to Bangzi Opera. Its singing and intonation are based on the pronunciation of Hanshui River basin, and it makes a loud beat with clapper instruments. Beginning in the Yuan Dynasty, it not only has the characteristics of high-pitched and vigorous Shaanxi opera, but also incorporates the soft and tactful characteristics of Sichuan Opera and Diao Han, forming a distinctive local color and style. With beautiful music, humorous language, easy to understand, generous and simple performance, distinctive singing, ugliness, purity and boldness, complete trades, harmonious and complete singing, reading, doing and playing, it can quite represent the gentle, elegant, simple and generous personality characteristics of the people in Hanshui River Basin. Duangong Opera was originally a dance form of ancient Bashu wizards (Duangong), and later developed into a folk song and dance drama, which belongs to a local opera. It is usually sung by men and women, showing the love between men and women, so it is also called "Dui Opera". Suitable for rehearsing small plays, with simple and soft singing and free and easy expression. Lyrics are humorous, with unique artistic style and strong local characteristics. Traditional houses in southern Shaanxi include valleys, river banks and flat dams. The residents built various houses according to the terrain, raw materials and other conditions. Traditional houses include stone houses, bamboo houses, diaojiao buildings, three-way houses and quadrangles. Stone houses: mostly built in mountainous areas, Zhenba and Xixiang mountainous areas are very common. As the name implies, stone houses are made of stone. Usually, the back wall is close to the cliff, and the three sides are made of stone, and the roof wooden frame is covered with oilleaf slate. Stone houses are weatherproof and rainproof, and the cost is low. Bamboo log cabin: the walls are logs, with doors and windows. The roof is covered with bamboo beams, tied with bamboo strips and covered with giant knotweed leaves. Someone put wood on the beam, covered it with dense bamboo, and then pasted it with gypsum to form a top floor with a fireplace for baking and storing food. Bamboo and wood houses are mostly built on the edge of forests and valleys, and are common in mountainous areas such as Nanzheng, Ningqiang and Chenggu. Diaojiaolou: Most of them are built in market towns along the Yangtze River. The diaojiao building is supported by wooden stakes or masonry, the upper frame is floor, and the walls are painted with wooden boards or bamboo rafts. Tile or thatch the roof. The window of the diaojiao building faces the river, so it is also called Wangjiang Building. The diaojiao building is small, but the construction factory is waterproof and it is cool upstairs. Sanhe Courtyard and Siheyuan: It is more common in Pingba Town. Sanhe Hospital has 3 main rooms with a hall in the middle and 2-3 wing rooms in the east and west. The eaves in front of the main house extend outward and can be used for eating and resting. The wing is smaller than the main room, with two walls connected and the middle wall facing south. Siheyuan is composed of main rooms, wing rooms and doors, with a patio in the middle, which is more exquisite than Sanheyuan. Bedrooms in Sanhe and Siheyuan are made of adobe, masonry and wood, with doors facing south and avoiding facing west. With the development of economy, there are more and more brick houses in rural areas and buildings in cities.