Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan.

Zhuge Liang's vigorous northern expedition to the Central Plains ended in tragedy, leaving a paragraph? But before he conquered, he died. Since then, heroes have been crying on their coats? Allusions.

After returning to Baoji from Qinling, it was nearly noon. We stopped in the city and drove east along the G30 highway. We gallop in the hinterland of Guanzhong, with the high-speed railway connecting Baoji and Xi 'an on the left, the rushing Weishui on the right and the towering Qinling Mountains in the distance.

This high-speed railway is newly built, and it takes only one hour from Baoji to Xi 'an, which is very convenient. I sent a message to Weibo, and some netizens said with emotion:? It's only an hour to Xi 'an now, but Prime Minister Zhuge has been gone all his life and hasn't arrived yet. ? I read this sentence in the car, and at that time everyone was silent, and inexplicable sadness filled the carriage.

In fact, when we set out in Baoji, this kind of sadness has been lingering around us. The farther east, the stronger, and everyone remained silent. We lost the excitement and surprise of our previous trip, because the next destination is the end of the Northern Expedition and the end of Zhuge Liang's life-Wuzhangyuan.

Wuzhang used to be a famous place, but when this name is mentioned, everyone will unconsciously lower their voices and put away their smiles, as if afraid of disturbing anything. This is the end of a legendary life and the tragic ending of an epic story.

We drove east for about an hour, got off the expressway at caijiapo Interchange and turned south. This north-south avenue is called Kongming Avenue. After passing the Weishui River, it entered the scope of Wuzhangyuan Town.

Today the weather is sunny, sunny, solemn and warm, which is a good weather for sweeping graves. The town is not big, and you can see the towering Qinling Mountains in the distance. There is a tall yellow terrace in the south of the town, backed by mountains, which is quite imposing. I rolled down the window and looked into the distance, thinking: Prime Minister, here we are at last. ?

Time quickly reversed and returned to Lite for 12 years. At this time, it has been three years since the last battle of Qishan. Zhuge Liang led the army north again and began the fifth and last Northern Expedition.

This time, his choice was unexpected. Instead of continuing to attack Longxi, he chose the oblique road that Zhao Yun pretended to attack during the first Northern Expedition.

We analyzed in the previous Hanzhong article that Zan ramp is a better attack route. Its southern end is near Nanzheng and Mianyang. Although a large number of plank road corridors need to be built in the middle of the road, there are praised water and inclined water that can be used. Its northern end, the exit of Ji Gu and Gu Jie, is located in the Weihe River basin between Chencang and Chang 'an, only 200 miles from Chang 'an in the east, and dozens of miles from Qishan in the north, which is connected with Weishui.

If we can stand here, it will pose a great threat to Cao Wei's defense line. So when Zhao Yun invades from here, Cao Zhen will misjudge it as the main attack direction.

But why? Since the first Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang has been tirelessly pursuing the strategy of Longxi. Why did he give up his previous efforts this time and decide to go straight to Guanzhong?

I think there are many reasons. Perhaps he felt that the Shu army performed well last time and was confident to meet the enemy head-on, so there was no need to make a detour strategy; Maybe he has a hunch about his fate. He won't wait for me, so he must hurry. Or both.

Perhaps the biggest reason is his old enemy Sima Yi.

Sima Yi has not been idle since the last battle of Qishan. He expanded the Guo Cheng Canal to the west in Guanzhong, built Linjinpi, and sent a large number of Jizhou farmers to build wasteland in Shaanxi, and also supervised smelting in Jingzhao, Tianshui and Nan 'an? Smelting is smelting, which is equivalent to building an arsenal.

With the canal, there will be food and grass, and with ordnance, there will be combat effectiveness. Over the past three years, Longxi has become more and more indestructible. Zhuge Liang saw in despair that he could no longer take advantage here. He had no choice but to look at Guan Zhong honestly.

Sima Yi has a keen understanding of Zhuge Liang's mentality. He once commented: If you go out from the back and stop attacking the city, you must hit Longdong, not the west. ? He had expected that Zhuge Liang would not attack the south wall of Longxi in the next step, so he could only go to Longdong to seek a decisive battle for the first time.

What's even more frightening is that Sima Yi even figured out the time. Zhuge Liang had to accumulate food and grass for three years before he could send troops once. From nine to twelve years, exactly three years.

Therefore, the route of the Northern Expedition was not so much Zhuge Liang's choice as Sima Yi's decision. This has nothing to do with personal intelligence, but is entirely determined by the national strength gap.

However, strategic victory does not mean victory. After all, Zhuge Liang still has a sharp knife in his hand. This knife once harvested the lives of countless Wei Jun soldiers in Lucheng, and it has not rusted so far.

In the spring of the 12th year of Jianxing, the Shuhan Legion set foot on the appreciation ramp, crossed the diagonal valley and entered the hinterland of Guanzhong. Wei Jun, who came prepared, did not immediately surround him, but looked on the sidelines, watching the movements of the Shu and Han armies.

Sima yi said a meaningful sentence at this time:? If the light is brave, when the force is on the Shandong side, and if the west is on the Wuzhangyuan, then all armies can do it. ? If Zhuge Liang is brave enough, he will walk eastward along the Qinling Mountains in Wugong County. If he goes to Wuzhangyuan in the west, we can rest assured. This famous saying of Sima Yi was written by Luo Guanzhong in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but it didn't explain what it meant.

This sentence is very important, which can be said to directly determine the success or failure of the fifth Northern Expedition. Only when I climbed up Wuzhangyuan and overlooked the surrounding situation did its significance become clear at a glance.

In fact, Wu should have written Wu. This tableland is a typical loess plateau landform. The mountain was cut into vertical cliffs by gully erosion, and the top was as flat as a platform, which looked like a huge table from a distance. Wuzhangyuan is such a landform. It is located at the northern foot of Qipanshan Mountain on the south side of Weishui River. The whole mountain is vertical cliffs on three sides, only the south side is slightly gentle. If you drive from the north, you need to climb the mountain.

Overlooking Wuzhangyuan, it looks like a pipa, wide in the north and thin in the south. The widest place is a large platform, namely Wuhou Temple in Qishan, which is about 89 kilometers to the south. In the narrowest place at the southern end of Wuzhangyuan, there is also a site of Huoluocheng, which is said to be the location of Zhuge Liang's military account.

We climbed the mountain and reached the summit of Zhang Wu. The former Zhang Wu Wuhou Temple was built on the top of the original building. There is an open flat land in front of the temple, and you can see the geographical trend of the north: the most striking thing is the Weishui River under the original building, and caijiapo on the north bank of the Weishui River also has a panoramic view. Looking further north, you can also see Qishan County and Qianshan in the north of Qishan.

To tell the truth, I didn't expect the north-south distance of Guanzhong Plain in this area to be so short. I stand in Wuzhangyuan at the southernmost tip, and I can see Qianshan at the northernmost tip.

This distance is the reason behind Sima Yi's sentence.

Zhang Wu was originally backed by Qinling Mountains, bordering Wugong County in the east, Chencang in the west and Qishan in the north. Wugong County is located further east of Wuzhangyuan, with Fufeng in the west, Ganxian in the north and Zhouzhi in the south, only 140 Li away from Xi 'an. Su Wu's Mausoleum and Yang Di's Mausoleum are both here.

If Zhuge Liang comes out of the inclined valley and goes east, and sticks to the Weihe River in Qinling all the way, then the soldiers of Shu and Han will point directly at Chang 'an. This will cause great political pressure. Sima Yi will be forced to abandon the strategy of holding his ground and confront Zhuge Liang. When the time comes, the brave will win, which is the main battle that Zhuge Liang is eager to win. This is why Sima Yi said that if he is a brave man, he will March eastward into martial arts.

But if Zhuge Liang went out of the inclined valley to the west and was stationed in Wuzhangyuan, that would be another matter.

I observed from the original site that Wuzhangyuan crossed the Weihe River, with Qishan County in the north and Qianshan Mountain in the north, commonly known as Beishan. The north-south width of Guanzhong Plain in this area is only over 20 kilometers. Zhuge Liang took Wuzhangyuan as his base. As long as he captured Qishan in the north, it was equivalent to cutting off the middle of the basin. Whether it's Guanlong Road or Chencang Narrow Road, it's useless. The northwest defense line of Cao Wei will be divided into three parts: Longxi, Chencang and eastern Guanzhong. Then Zhuge Liang can cut off the division and digest it calmly.

Guo Huai, another general in Wei Jun, anticipated this, and he analyzed:? It is not in the interest of the country to cross the Weihe River and climb the original land, even the soldiers stationed in Beishan, isolate the road of Longdao, and show off the people and foreigners. ?

This kind of play is very dangerous for Cao Wei, but at least there is no need to rush to a decisive battle, which is exactly what Sima Yi wants. Sima yi is not afraid of confrontation, but of decisive battle. So when he heard that Zhuge Liang had gone to Wuzhangyuan, he was as happy as a child.

Fighting this kind of thing is to do things that make the enemy uncomfortable. Now the enemy is so happy that he is the only one who feels bad.

Shu army soldiers out, stationed in Wuzhangyuan. Zhuge Liang also occupied the nearby fertile land Lankeng, and prepared for a protracted war from the beginning.

Where is Sima Yi? He didn't move, but he should have changed.

After Zhuge Liang was ready to sail, he sent his troops to cross the river and capture Beishan. Sima Yi, who was ready, sent Guo Huai, Hu Zun and others to stick to Yang Sui and Jishi. Zhuge Liang could not go north, but returned to Wuzhangyuan. Next, Wei Jun surrounded Zhuge Liang from east, west and north, but he didn't do it.

Zhuge Liang was in no hurry, so he simply set an ambush near Wuzhangyuan and cultivated land. Up to now, there are still relics such as Zhuge Tian and Wei Yancheng near Wuzhangyuan. I don't know if they are true or not. However, this so-called wasteland is not necessarily more comfortable. Wuzhangyuan, a place with very poor water resources, has local folk songs: Women don't marry Wuzhangyuan, so drinking water is more difficult than eating oil. ? Visible geographical differences.

But Zhuge Liang still did not waver. He is waiting, waiting for news.

He was not disappointed this time. In May, a battle report came from the south: Sun Quan, Lu Xun and Sun Shao each led hundreds of thousands of troops to attack Hefei, Xiangyang and Guangling.

This time, Wu Dong didn't lose the chain. Whether it is the mobilization scale or the attack time, the cooperation is just right and really serious.

This explains why Zhuge Liang is in no hurry to move eastward. Everyone has an abacus. Sima Yi thinks that the confrontation between the two armies is exactly what he wants, and Zhuge Liang is actually waiting for the opportunity when Cao Wei has no time to look west.

Wei Mingdi is also a tough nut, bite a tooth not to let Sima Yi retreat, stick to his post. He led people to the south to rescue him. As a result, Sun Quan was defeated at the gates of Hefei in July, and the three-way felling of Wei ended hastily.

When Zhuge Liang heard the news, one mouthful blood gushed out. It's really irritating that this situation has been messed up by Wu Dongren. Zhuge Liang's unexpected death later had a lot to do with the stimulation of Sun Quan's defeat.

The last hope, just disappeared.

No, it hasn't disappeared. Wei Mingdi has not returned to the army. As long as Sima Yi is killed before that, the Shu army still has a chance of winning.

So Zhuge Liang began to provoke the prime minister of a country and even used this trick to send women clothes. He's really anxious.

If other generals had changed, they might have been unable to hold back their anger. But Sima Yi is a typical example in Li Zongwu's Lala. No matter what you do, I just won't play. No one is allowed to go except me. Therefore, Wei Mingdi also specially sent Xin Pi to observe the festival to resolutely avoid war.

Everyone knows what happened next. Soon, Zhuge Liang broke down from overwork and died suddenly in Wuzhangyuan. The Shu army withdrew its troops angrily and staged a farce of division before leaving. Since then, there have never been any flags of Shu Han in Guanzhong and Qinling Mountains.

Zhuge Liang's vigorous northern expedition to the Central Plains ended in tragedy, leaving a paragraph? But before he conquered, he died. Since then, heroes have been crying on their coats? Allusions. I was deeply impressed by the passage "Autumn Wind and Five Bird" in The Old Three Kingdoms, and I cried every time I read it.

The death of Zhuge Liang has been widely reported in various classics. For example, Ren Qiu once reported it. There are stars and sky curtains, which flow from the northeast and southwest, throw them into the Ming camp, and then return them after three throws to the size. Suddenly bright. ? Hanshu Jin Chunqiu also tells a story vividly? Die Zhuge Huozhongda? A legendary story. It can be seen that everyone had a tendency to deify Zhuge Liang at that time, and later these bridges were absorbed into the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Even Sima Yi, the other party, made a special trip to Zhuge Liang's camp. A miracle of the world? Appreciate Of course, I personally don't think it is excluded that he is praising himself in disguise: I have destroyed all the wizards in the world, so I am not a super wizard in the world?

Frankly speaking, Zhuge Liang's fifth Northern Expedition was very poor, at least much worse than the fourth Northern Expedition. He was cautious and inflexible, either under the command of Sima Yi from beginning to end, or waiting for Sun Quan to cooperate, and his fate was completely entrusted to them.

I would rather interpret this abnormal performance as that he was very ill at that time. Wei's Spring and Autumn Annals recorded an intriguing thing. Zhuge Liang's emissary went to see Sima Yi. Sima yi asked Zhuge Liang's routine, and the messenger replied:? Zhuge Gong stayed up all night and was fined more than twenty, all of which he personally participated in. Eat less than a few liters. ? Sima yi only said four words:? The light will go out. ?

No matter how good a chess player is, it is difficult to play a wonderful game if he suffers from illness and heavy work at the same time.

In the final analysis, it is Zhuge Liang's cautious and easy-going personality. If he can resolutely move eastward, he may not be able to open the situation. If he can care more about his health, he may not be able to turn the tide. These years of war have made him grow rapidly, but he has not changed his nature after all. Personality determines fate, and from the moment of the handover, Prime Minister Zhuge was destined to fall on Wuzhangyuan.