Five major coffee producing areas in Central and South America

Five major coffee producing areas in Central and South America

Coffee can be said to be an indispensable drink in modern life. Most people like to drink coffee. They often go to some cafes, especially cafes and other places to enjoy a good coffee time. There are basically coffee machines in your home or office. So what do you know about coffee beans? What are the types of coffee beans? What is organic coffee bean?

Coffee bean producing areas in Central and South America

Coffee beans are important raw materials for making coffee. There are many producing areas of coffee beans, and some continents write less. Let me introduce the five major producing areas of coffee beans in Central and South America.

1. Mexico

Coffee production is concentrated in southern Guatemala, with mountains running through the east and west sides, which is an ideal terrain for coffee cultivation, and coffee cultivation is still very common.

From the highland, it can be divided into three standard high-yield coffees: Aldra, Prima, Labad and Barn Labad. Coffee beans are medium to large in size, and their appearance and fragrance are generally good.

2. Jamaica

Jamaica, a small country in the Caribbean, is famous for its coffee and has become the topic of the world. The hillside running through the island is the main coffee producing area in Jamaica. The most famous ones are: Blue Mountain, which is located in the northeast of the capital Kingston. The beautiful Blue Mountain Lotus Peak is an excellent coffee planting place, named after the highest peak of 2256 meters, and is known as the best "Blue Mountain Coffee" in coffee. Because of its big size, good quality, harmonious taste, sour, bitter, fragrant, mellow and sweet, it is recognized as the best in the world. It is usually accompanied by exquisite factory logo and guarantee, and then it is put into a vat similar to a large beer barrel for export. There are 65438 +0, 2, 3, round beans and other grades.

Blue mountain coffee is produced in the blue mountain range in western Jamaica, hence its name. Blue Mountain is a mountain range with an altitude of 2256 meters. Coffee trees are planted on steep slopes at an altitude of 1000 meters. The annual output of Blue Mountain Coffee is only about 700 tons. Blue mountain coffee beans are full in shape and slightly larger than ordinary coffee beans. The sour, fragrant, mellow and sweet taste is even and rich, slightly bitter, harmonious in taste and excellent in flavor, which is suitable for making single-flavor coffee. Due to the low output, most of the products sold in the market are "specially tuned blue mountain", that is, comprehensive coffee with blue mountain as the bottom and mixed with other coffee beans.

3. Brazil

It is the world's largest coffee producer and exporter, which can be called "coffee continent". Because about ten states in Brazil, a vast country, adopt mass production, in order to make up the regional gap and quality gap, Brazil has formulated its own grading benchmark to stabilize the quality.

The quality of coffee beans produced is very good, which has been regarded as an indispensable mixed coffee bean since ancient times, and it is easy to process and widely accepted by the world. Especially, coffee beans that meet the requirements of Brazil, Santos, quality similar to No.2, Screen 18, Screen 19, soft taste and these four conditions are the most praised and widely used. Brazil is the most important coffee producing area in the world, accounting for13 of the world's total output. There are 65,438+00 states in Brazil that produce coffee beans. Due to regional and climatic differences, the quality of coffee beans in Brazil is inevitably mixed. Therefore, coffee beans in Brazil are classified into 1-3, 18 and 19.

Brazilian coffee has moderate aroma, acidity and alcohol content, light bitterness and is famous for its smooth taste. Among all kinds of coffee in Brazil, Santos coffee is famous. Santos coffee can also be called bourbon Santos. Bourbon Santos has excellent quality, mellow taste, moderate acidity and strong sweetness. Bourbon Santos is considered as an indispensable raw material for making mixed coffee.

4. Colombia

The second largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil. It is the national leader in the production of "Colombia Moderate". The names of producing areas have become well-known coffee names, such as Medellin, Manizares, Bogota, Armenia and so on. Coffee beans are light green granules, and according to their unique heavy taste, both pure coffee and mixed coffee are very suitable.

Colombia is the second largest coffee producer in the world, accounting for 65,438+02% of the world's total output, second only to Brazil, ranking first among countries producing Colombian light coffee. Coffee trees in Colombia are all planted in highlands, and the planting area is not large to take care of the harvest. The harvested coffee beans are refined by water washing (wet method). Colombian coffee beans are pure in quality and can be called standard beans in coffee beans. Colombian coffee beans are big, light green and particularly heavy in taste, and are widely favored because of their rich and unique aroma.

The taste is sweet, sour and bitter, and it can produce multi-level flavors with different baking degrees. Moderate baking can give full play to the sweetness of beans, with mellow sour taste and bitter taste; Deep baking will increase the bitterness, but the sweetness will not disappear too much. Generally speaking, moderate deep roasting will make the taste more personalized, which can be used as a single product and suitable for making mixed coffee.

5. Hawaii

Kenna coffee

The coffee beans used in Kona coffee produced in Hawaii are planted on volcanic terrain. At the same time, there are high-density artificial cultivation agronomy, so each bean can be said to be spoiled, and its value is naturally high, second only to the blue mountain in price. Hawaiian kona beans are generally neat, with strong acidity and sweetness. The taste is moist and smooth. Moderate baking will make beans sour, while deep baking will aggravate bitterness and mellow taste. This kind of coffee bean grows at an altitude of 6000 feet.

Acura coffee generally grows only in mountainous areas, with an altitude of about 4,000-6,000 feet and an annual rainfall of about 80 feet, which is very obvious in dry season and rainy season. The soil needed to grow gourmet coffee beans is very fertile, and there are usually volcanic rocks. The growing environment of high-quality coffee beans also needs shallow clouds or cloudy weather. The daytime temperature needs 15-20℃. This climate leads to a longer growth process, a unique growth and climate environment, and thus produces a stronger coffee flavor.

Types of coffee beans

As we all know, there are many kinds of coffee, so what kinds of coffee beans are the main raw materials of coffee? How is it divided? Let me introduce them to you one by one!

Plant classification

Coffee tree belongs to the evergreen tree of Rubiaceae. Rubiaceae plants are mostly plants with special effects since ancient times, such as quinine tree, which is regarded as a specific drug for malaria, and Dugen, which treats amebic dysentery. Coffee is positioned as the most unique alkaloid drinking plant group.

The fruit of coffee consists of outer skin, pulp, inner skin, silver skin and seeds (coffee beans) wrapped in the above layers. The seed is located in the center of the fruit, and the part outside the seed is almost useless. Generally, there are two pairs of seeds in the fruit, but occasionally there is only one seed in the fruit, which is called fruit bean. To show symmetry, we call a fruit with two pairs of seeds a female bean. There are at least forty "species" of coffee trees, among which three native species are more practical: plateau cultivation, lowland cultivation and minimum cultivation.

Generally, after two to three years of sowing, coffee trees can grow to a height of about five to ten meters. However, in order to prevent coffee beans from losing their fragrance and taste, and to facilitate harvesting, farmers often prune them to about 1.5 to two meters. Three to five years after sowing, it begins to bear fruit. Twenty years after the fifth year is the harvest period.

The evergreen leaves of the coffee tree are sharp, and the two pieces are relatively clustered. The surface of leaves is dark green, the back is light green and the flowers are pure white. A flower has five stamens and one pistil. Generally, there are five petals, but some are six or even eight. These flowers will give off a fragrance similar to jasmine, but they will fade in about three or four days. The fruit is dark green at first, just like the leaf surface. When it matures, it will turn yellow, then red and finally dark red.

The circular zone at the top of the Tropic of Cancer is called the Coffee Belt or Coffee Belt. Because this area is rich in fertile organic matter and volcanic ash soil, the average temperature is about 20 degrees, the average annual rainfall is between 1000-2000mm, and there is no big temperature difference in a year, so it becomes an ideal coffee producing area. When planting coffee, be on guard against cold, dry hot wind and frost.

Taste classification

sour flavour

Mocha, Hawaiian sour coffee, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica high-quality real estate, Kilimanjaro, Colombia, Zimbabwe, El Salvador, washing high-grade new beans in the Western Hemisphere.

bitter taste

All kinds of old beans from Java, Mantening, Bogota, Angola, Congo and Uganda.

sweet taste

Mitening in Colombia, Laodou in Venezuela, Blue Mountain, Kilimanjaro, Mocha, Guatemala, Mexico, Kenya, Santos and Haiti.

Neutral taste

Brazil, El Salvador, low-lying Costa Rica, Venezuela, Honduras, Cuba.

Aromatic alcohol

Mitening, Mocha, Blue Mountain, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia.

Generally speaking, sour coffee beans, especially high-quality new beans, should be lightly roasted, bitter coffee beans should be lightly roasted, and then sweet coffee beans are mostly high-yield washed beans. Baking often constitutes the key to taste after adding soft bitterness. The neutral taste of coffee beans, even if not high-quality coffee beans, must be treated with stable quality. Coffee beans with aromatic and alcoholic effects.

organic coffee

I believe everyone knows the existence of organic vegetables, so do you know that organic coffee beans also exist in coffee beans? Let me tell you more about organic coffee beans!

In many parts of the world, growers use pesticides to control the growth of coffee pests. Usually, wet and foggy coffee at high altitude is more vulnerable to pests, so growers often use pesticides. Many people think that coffee can be called organic coffee beans as long as synthetic pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers are not used in the growth process. In fact, only after being certified by a third party (except baristas and buyers) can it be called organic coffee beans.

Organic coffee Organic coffee and authorized organic coffee certified organic coffee are authorized by a third party, and no chemical raw materials, pesticides, herbicides and artificial food additives are used for planting in the growth process of coffee trees; The detection, planting, cultivation, harvesting and production of soil water quality must conform to organic conditions and the process must be strictly controlled. It is a kind of high-quality coffee in harmony with nature, which is of great benefit to health and environmental protection.

Only a few coffees in the world are truly certified organic coffees, because this certification process takes quite a long time, about three years. This trade will lead to a 50% decline in coffee production. Therefore, when coffee growers decide to carry out organic certification, it means that a time-consuming and expensive investment begins.

trait

When planting organic coffee, no pesticides or other chemicals are used to deal with pests or planting problems, but natural methods, such as natural composting, fencing and pruning, are used to maintain the growth of coffee trees. In pest control, pure natural biological control methods, such as planting protective trees and other natural farming techniques, are adopted to ensure the health of coffee trees. Because the sustainability of land, water and natural ecological environment is an active concern of the organic coffee industry.

Organic high-quality coffee is the masterpiece of heaven, earth and people-weather, soil and love. Coffee trees take five years to blossom and bear fruit. A pound of coffee needs about 4000 coffee beans, which are completely harvested by hand. However, each coffee tree can only harvest one pound of roasted coffee beans every year, and scarcity is the most precious thing.

Reason for choice

1. Protect the next generation: reduce the exposure to pesticides, herbicides and other carcinogenic chemicals.

2. Preventing soil exhaustion: According to the estimation of the Soil Protection Association, the loss of soil is seven times that of recovery due to the use of chemicals and the destruction of plants that can nourish the soil.

3. Energy conservation: Modern agriculture is suitable for planting and harvesting more crops of petroleum artificial fertilizer.

4. Say "no" to chemicals: The US Environmental Protection Agency has confirmed that 60% of herbicides, 90% of fungicides and 30% of pesticides are carcinogens. All these substances may cause cancer and lead to malformations in infants.

5. Protecting farmers: Protecting farmers' health is also one of the responsibilities of society. We must reduce the possibility of farmers being exposed to chemicals. In the third world, the safety of using pesticides is not paid much attention, which has gradually become a serious problem.

The benefits of drinking coffee

1, caffeine contains certain nutrients. Coffee beans contain nutrients such as sugar, protein, fat, nicotinic acid, potassium, crude fiber and water.

2. Coffee is good for the skin. Bathing with coffee powder is a kind of hyperthermia, which has the function of losing weight.

3. Coffee can promote metabolic function and activate digestive organs.

4, coffee has the effect of hangover. Drinking coffee after drinking will quickly oxidize acetaldehyde converted by alcohol, decompose it into water and carbon dioxide and excrete it.

5, coffee can improve constipation, coffee can stimulate gastrointestinal hormones or peristalsis hormones, resulting in laxative effect, can be used as a rapid laxative.

6. Coffee can relieve pain. When coffee is used as medicine, it can strengthen the effect of some painkillers.

As a stimulant, caffeine can increase the agility of the body and make athletes achieve better results.

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