How to prevent natural disasters?

Section 5 Debris Flow

Debris flow is a geological process between flowing water and landslides. A typical debris flow consists of suspended coarse solid debris and is rich in silt and Clay is composed of viscous mud. Under appropriate terrain conditions, a large amount of water penetrates the solid accumulation material on the hillside or ditch bed, reducing its stability. The solid accumulation material full of water moves under its own gravity, forming a Debris flow. Debris flow is a disastrous geological phenomenon. Debris flow often breaks out suddenly and is fierce. It can carry huge rocks and advance at high speed. It has strong energy and is therefore extremely destructive. Wherever the debris flow goes, Everything was destroyed. The picture on the right is a picture of the damage caused by mudslides.

Mudslides are a common natural disaster in mountainous areas in China. They often occur in small gullies in mountainous areas and are filled with large amounts of sand. The solid-liquid two-phase fluid of rocks, mud and boulders is in a state of motion such as viscous laminar flow or dilute turbulent flow. It is the result of the combined effects of natural factors and human factors such as geology, landforms, hydrology, meteorology, soil, vegetation, etc. It is The product of the deterioration of the mountain environment. Our country is a mountainous country with a vast mountainous area and a multi-monsoon climate zone. In addition, the neotectonic movement is strong, fault structures are developed, earthquakes are frequent, and the terrain is complex. Therefore, it has the conditions for the formation of debris flows, making our country a It is the country with the most developed, widely distributed, largest number and most serious harm of debris flows in the world. For this reason, our country has carried out a large number of research work on debris flows, striving to specifically guide our country's debris flow prevention and control work into the track of contemporary science. In prevention and control In practice, debris flow can turn harm into benefit, integrating social benefits, ecological benefits, and economic benefits.

Section 8 Floods

Since ancient times, flood disasters have been a problem Natural disasters in the development of human society. The first page of written records in our country is the glorious picture of the working people's struggle against floods - Dayu's flood control. To this day, floods are still the disasters that have the greatest impact on mankind. The Yangtze River in China has been flooded for many years in a row. It has caused great losses to the downstream areas and seriously damaged the healthy development of social economy.

Therefore, it is particularly important to study the causes, types, characteristics and prevention strategies of flood disasters.

Floods Causes of flood disasters

Flood disasters have dual attributes, both natural and socioeconomic. Its formation must meet two conditions: First, natural conditions: floods are the direct cause of flood disasters. Only when the natural variation intensity of floods reaches a certain standard, disasters may occur. The main influencing factors are geographical location, climate conditions and topography. Second, socioeconomic conditions: only when floods occur in places with human activities can they cause disasters. The affected areas The areas most threatened by floods are often the middle and lower reaches of rivers, which are often economically developed areas because of their abundant water resources and flat land.

Types of Floods

Floods can be divided into They are river floods, lake floods and storm floods. Among them, river floods can be divided into the following types according to different causes: heavy rain floods, flash floods, snowmelt floods, ice floods and dam breach floods. The most common floods with the greatest impact are River floods, especially long-term heavy rains in river basins that cause river water levels to remain high and cause dam breaches, do the greatest damage to regional development and can even cause a large number of deaths.

Characteristics of floods

< p> From the perspective of the mechanism of flood disasters, floods have obvious seasonal, regional and repeatable characteristics. For example, almost all floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China occur in summer, and the causes are basically the same, while in the Yellow River River basins have different characteristics.

At the same time, flood disasters are very destructive and universal. Flood disasters are not only harmful to society, but can even seriously harm adjacent river basins and cause changes in water systems. Moreover, in Flood disasters are likely to occur in different areas, including mountainous areas, coastal areas, river estuaries, middle and lower reaches of rivers, and areas around glaciers.

However, floods are still preventable. It is impossible for humans to completely eliminate flood disasters. , but through various efforts, the impact of the disaster can be reduced as much as possible.

Prevention and Control of Floods

The prevention and control of flood disasters includes two aspects: on the one hand, reducing the occurrence of flood disasters possibility, on the other hand, to minimize the losses of flood disasters that have occurred. Strengthening embankment construction, river regulation and reservoir engineering construction are direct measures to avoid flood disasters. Long-term and sustained implementation of water and soil conservation can fundamentally reduce the occurrence of floods. Opportunities of floods. Scientific forecasts of floods and weather and reasonable planning of flood detention areas can reduce the losses of flood disasters. Establishing an emergency response system for flood prevention and rescue is the last measure to reduce disaster losses.

《Face What should we do about natural disasters?

Last winter, a sudden ice and snow disaster deeply touched us. Now, an earthquake without warning has shaken most of China and affected the entire China. In the face of natural disasters, we humans are so small and our preparations are so useless, especially in the face of the rare extreme climate of ice and snow in the south and such a powerful earthquake.

So, what should we do in the face of these sudden natural disasters? What should we do?

In the face of these emergencies, we must first not panic, but try to stay calm and understand our situation.

Then, make a decision decisively, try to protect your life safety, and give up when necessary. You must understand your situation as soon as possible and make adaptive adjustments to your behavior.

At the same time, in order to reduce the impact of natural disasters, society needs us to make some contributions. "Everyone contributes and unites as one." This can not only protect the individual self, but also benefit the greater self. To summarize the successful experience, in the face of natural disasters, everyone should try to follow the following ten words:

1. Learning: Learn about various disaster knowledge and disaster reduction knowledge.

2． Listen: Always pay attention to disaster information released by the national or local government and the competent disaster department, and do not listen to rumors.

3． Preparedness: Based on the development of disasters, make various operational preparations and material and technical preparations for individuals and families, and protect disaster monitoring and protection facilities.

4. Observation: Pay attention to observe and study the natural variation phenomena around you. If conditions permit, you can also conduct certain tests and research.

5. Bao: That is, once you discover some abnormal natural phenomenon, don't panic. However, it is necessary to report to the relevant departments as soon as possible and ask professional departments to make judgments.

6． Resistance: Once a disaster occurs, we should first carry forward the spirit of fearlessness, call on the masses, and organize everyone and individuals to defend themselves.

7. Escape: Before the disaster, make arrangements for individuals and families to avoid and resist disasters, and choose safe places for disaster evacuation. Once a disaster occurs, individuals and organizations can evacuate.

8． Cut off: In disaster relief operations, we must first cut off sources of electricity, fire, gas and other disasters that may cause secondary disasters.

9. Rescue: Learn certain medical rescue knowledge and prepare some necessary medicines to save yourself and treat others in a timely manner during disasters when the medical system cannot work normally.

10． Insurance: In order to reduce the economic losses of individuals and families, in addition to personal protection, we must also make full use of social disaster prevention insurance. It is believed that with the improvement of the national disaster reduction system, the improvement of disaster reduction capabilities, and the efforts of every member of the people, disaster losses will be greatly reduced.

Fortunately, we have a government that cares about people, and we have caught up with a network age with extremely advanced information technology. The two complement each other, bringing hope and strength to people in disasters, and bringing relief. It has provided timely and coordinated assistance and strengthened the determination and confidence of the people in the disaster area to withstand natural disasters.

Although we cannot control natural disasters, we have reason to believe that under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, as long as the people of the country are united, we will have the confidence and ability to defeat no matter how big a natural disaster is. We all have the means and strength to overcome the difficulties. We will certainly be able to and will ultimately win the final victory against this particularly major earthquake disaster!