The weather in Hebei during the National Day

Chai chicken, also known as stupid chicken, has the characteristics of rough feeding resistance, strong nesting ability and strong disease resistance, and its meat is delicious. Free-range eggs are very popular in urban and rural markets, and the price of eggs is higher than that of ordinary eggs. For farmers with certain conditions, the feeding cost of Chai chicken is relatively low, which is suitable for family farming. Now the complete set of techniques for Chai chicken breeding are introduced as follows:

I. Feeding management during brooding period

1. The hen house was thoroughly disinfected by the preparation before hatching. All the equipment in the house should be overhauled. The temperature of the henhouse should be raised to 33℃, and the relative humidity should not be lower than 60% before chicks can enter. Lighting is set to 23-hour lighting and 1 hour darkness. Put the water dispenser in a bright place, which is convenient for chickens to find.

2. Choose healthy and lively chicks with strong struggle, crisp cry, good navel, clean feathers and good tidiness. Chickens should be provided with drinking water (not lower than 35℃) and fed as soon as possible to ensure that every chicken can drink and eat normally, and artificial help can be given to chickens that don't drink water. It is forbidden to clean the ground within 15 days after the chickens enter the house.

Second, the breeding management in the breeding period

1. Construction of stocking yard

① After the purse seine stocking site is determined, nylon net should be selected to form a closed fence, and the height of the fence is1.5m. Chickens can feed freely in the fence. The area of the fence depends on the number of chickens raised. Generally, each chicken covers an average area of 8 square meters.

② The chicken coop should be built in a place with high terrain, dryness, good drainage and more than 500 meters away from the highway. It can also be built in the forest or on the edge of woodland, facing south. The henhouse can be a plastic shed with a width of 6 meters, and the length depends on the number of chickens. The roof and inner layer of the shed are covered with a layer of straw for heat preservation, covered with plastic film and fixed with ropes. The lower edges on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the plastic greenhouse can be rolled up or put down to adjust the indoor temperature and ventilation. The ground in the shed can be padded with fine sand to make the room dry, and 6-8 chickens can be raised per square meter. At the same time, it is necessary to build multi-layer egg-laying nests and habitats, and the size of the egg-laying nests should be suitable for accommodating 2 chickens.

2. Key points of feeding management

The growth period refers to the period from the temperature of chicks (3 1-240 days old) to the delivery of hens and the listing of roosters, which is the key period for the growth and development of chickens. Attention should be paid to the following technical points of feeding management.

① Selection of stocking season: Try to arrange chicks to start stocking when the daytime temperature is not lower than 10℃.

(2) Stocking, coaching and training In order to make Chai chicken return to the shed on time and facilitate feeding. In the morning and evening, when the de-warmed chicken is out of the stall, you can regularly knock on the pot or whistle for counseling and training. Two people work best together. A man blew a whistle in front to clear the way, spread feed, and let the chickens follow. The other person drove behind with a bamboo pole until all of them entered the feeding point. In order to strengthen the effect, a few days before departure, feed tanks and water tanks are set up in the stocking area at noon every day, a small amount of full-price feed and clear water are added, and the whistle is blown to introduce food 1 time. At the same time, the breeder should drive away the chickens that returned to the house in advance in time. At night, we will go back to the house for training in the same way. After several days of repeated training, chickens can establish conditioned reflex.

(3) Provide sufficient drinking water. Put some drinking utensils within the range of chicken activities, such as water for every 50 chickens 1 porcelain basin. At the same time, avoid letting chickens drink unclean water.

④ Regular and quantitative supplementary feeding The supplementary feeding time should be fixed and cannot be changed at will. You can make up less in summer and autumn and more in spring and summer; At the age of 30-60 days, about 25 grams of concentrate should be supplemented every day, and 1-2 times a day. The reference formula is: corn 6 1%, soybean meal 15%, peanut cake 6%, bran 7%, fine bran 5%, fish meal 3%, bone meal 1.7%, vegetable oil 1% and salt 0.3%. After 8 weeks of age, in order to improve the energy concentration and feeding amount of feed, it is necessary to increase fat, but not butter, sheep oil and other strong-smelling fat. The addition amount of fat is 3%-5%. The dosage of concentrated feed should be 30g-35g for 3-4 months old, 40g-45g for 5-6 months old and 50g-55g for 7-8 months old, twice a day, morning and evening 1 time.

⑤ Fermented worms are made by adding 20% fertile soil and 3% bran to sterilized fermented pig manure and chicken manure in grazing land, and then covering with plastic film for fermentation for about 7 days. Spread the fermented material on the brick floor, spread the grass and keep it moist for about 20 days. Sprinkling a part of fermented materials to chickens every day can save feed by 30%.

⑥ Make-up lighting Natural lighting is short in winter and spring, so artificial make-up lighting must be implemented. It is advisable to use 5 watts per square meter. 10 From night to night, from 6 am to dawn. You can't fill the light suddenly for a long time. The light will increase by half an hour every day and gradually transition to 10 at night. If the natural light exceeds 1 1 hour every day, there is no need to supplement the light. After turning off the lights at night, there should be some weak lights to illuminate all night, so that chickens can walk and drink water. When there are many insects in summer, you can hang some purple lights or incandescent lamps in your habitat.

⑦ Measures should be taken to prevent weasels, eagles and other natural enemies from catching chickens. If you keep Chai chicken in the orchard, you must use biological pesticides when spraying pesticides.

(8) Regular epidemic prevention and deworming According to the epidemic prevention regulations of chicken diseases, 1.5 30-day-old freeze-dried Newcastle disease vaccine I was given nasal drops or eye drops, and chickenpox was inoculated with subcutaneous double needles; 40-day-old avian influenza, subcutaneous injection of 0.4ml； into the back of oil seedling stem; 1 freeze-dried vaccine for laryngotracheitis in the first 50 days; Intramuscular injection of 60-day-old freeze-dried Newcastle disease strain I vaccine 1 head; 90-day-old laryngotracheitis freeze-dried vaccine was given to 1 head; 1 10-day-old chicken pox freeze-dried vaccine was injected subcutaneously with double needles, 0.6 ml of Newcastle disease oil vaccine was injected intramuscularly, and 4 parts of Newcastle disease IV series drinking water were given; 120-day-old avian influenza, intramuscular injection of 0.6 ml oil vaccine. Regular use of drugs to repel insects.

Pet-name ruby careful management needs "five diligence" in the growth period. One is to observe the chickens frequently. Healthy chickens are always scrambling to fly out, while sick chickens are slow or unwilling to leave home. Second, always observe when cleaning. When cleaning the henhouse and cleaning the feces, observe whether the feces are normal. Third, always observe when filling materials. Always observe the mental state of chickens when feeding. Healthy chickens tend to be impatient, while sick chickens don't eat or react slowly. The fourth is to observe frequently when breathing. Listen to the chicken's breathing after turning off the lights at night. If there is a "giggle" sound, it means that there is a disease in the respiratory tract. The fifth is to observe frequently when eating. From stocking to opening, the feed intake gradually increased to normal. If sick chickens are found, they should be treated and isolated in time.

Third, the feeding management during the laying period

When the weight of hens reaches 1.3kg- 1.5kg, the male-female ratio of commercial laying hens is 1: 25. Feeding management means that chickens are allowed to eat freely in the stocking area during the day, with supplementary feeding 1 time in the morning and evening, and the daily supplementary feeding amount is 50-55g. During the whole laying period (24 1-600 days old), the following points should be done.

1. The nutritional concentration of feed in laying period should be mainly concentrated feed, supplemented by green juicy feed. The nutritional concentration of concentrated feed is 15%- 16%, calcium 3.5%, phosphorus 0.33% and salt 0.37%. In order to strengthen the transition period management of chickens, there should be a transition period from growing period to laying period. When the laying rate reaches 5%, laying hens will be fed. Generally, the transition period is 6 days, and the concentrate 1/3 will be changed every two days, and finally it will be completely replaced by laying hens.

2. Generally, the light is supplemented twice in the morning and evening, starting at 6: 00 in the morning, and starting at 6: 30 in the evening to 10, with full-day illumination 16 hours or more. After laying eggs for 2-3 months, the daily light supplement is adjusted to 17 hours, starting at 5: 00 in the morning and unchanged at night.

3. Look at the egg weight at the beginning of laying. After laying eggs for 2 months, the egg weight basically reached the normal standard, with an average of 24 eggs 1 kg. Insufficient nutrition will affect the weight of eggs. Second, look at the egg shape. Free-range eggs have perfect egg shapes. If the big head of the egg is too small to eat enough early, you should add enough concentrate. Third, look at the rising trend of egg production rate. After 3 months at the latest, the laying rate will reach about 60%; If the egg production rate fluctuates greatly, the reasons should be found from the feeding management. Fourth, look at the weight of the chicken. After laying eggs for a period of time, if the weight of the chicken remains the same, it means proper management; If the chicken is too fat or too thin, adjust the feeding amount. Fifth, look at the appetite. When feeding the chickens, the chickens will soon gather around for food, so you can feed more appropriately; If you come slowly and don't get together for food, you should feed less.

4. To prevent hens from laying eggs in the dark environment, nests can induce hens to build nests, so we should increase the number of egg picking to ensure that eggs do not stay overnight in the laying nest. Once found, the rooster should change the environment in time, put it in a cool and bright place, and feed more green and juicy feed, and the rooster will leave the nest soon.

5. Strict epidemic prevention and disinfection Chai chicken grows in a stocking environment and is easily affected by external diseases. The epidemic prevention and disinfection work must be in place. First, under the guidance of veterinarians, it is carried out in strict accordance with the chicken disease epidemic prevention procedures. Second, we must do a good job in sanitation and disinfection. There are disinfection belts or disinfection pools at the entrance and exit of the stocking yard, and tourists are not allowed to enter. Third, we must achieve "all in and all out." After each batch of chickens is stocked, the henhouse should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and the utensils and pots used should be fumigated 1 time before entering the next batch of chickens.

6. Pay attention to the bad weather or bad weather, and feed the chickens back to the shed in time, and don't raise them in the mountains to avoid casualties and losses.

Chai chicken is mostly raised in the open air, which is easy to cause feed waste. Our base mainly adopts the following measures to prevent feed waste in the production process:

1. Choose the tank or barrel scientifically and control the feeding amount reasonably. Free-range Chai chicken is easy to be crowded when eating, which will knock over the trough or bucket and cause feed waste. Therefore, in the feeding process, the trough or barrel should be fixed, the height should be roughly the same as that of the chicken back, and more troughs or barrels should be placed. Don't add too much at a time, just add it to 1/3 of the capacity of the tank or barrel, and it is appropriate to eat the chicken for 40 minutes. Feed it four times a day and add 1 time in winter night.

2. scientifically match ingredients to reduce feed costs. On the premise of keeping feeding standard unchanged, using local feed resources and selecting cheap raw materials can effectively reduce feed costs. For example, some fish meal can be replaced by cake meal or some soybean meal can be replaced by sesame cake meal, peanut meal and rapeseed meal.

3. Eliminate chickens that do not meet the standards in time. A chicken that does not meet the standard refers to a hen that is sick, weak, disabled, low-yielding or discontinued. In addition, redundant cocks should be eliminated in time.

4. Scientific feeding. The warehouse where feed and raw materials are stored should be dry and ventilated to prevent the feed from becoming moldy. When purchasing raw materials, they should be purchased in small batches for many times according to production needs, so as to minimize the storage time of raw materials and prevent mildew. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent mouse and bird damage and reduce unnecessary waste.

5. Keep a proper room temperature. Keeping a proper temperature in the henhouse can reduce feed consumption. Because when the temperature in the henhouse is too low, chickens need to consume more feed to maintain a constant body temperature. Therefore, in winter, the vents of chicken houses should be sealed.

6. Break the beak in time and remove insects regularly. Measures such as timely beak breaking and regular pest control can also effectively reduce feed waste.

Q:/kloc-how many henhouses will be built for 0/000 chickens? How big is the henhouse?

Answer: For the convenience of management, 1000 chickens should be built in two henhouses, each with 500 chickens. If 20 chickens are raised per square meter, the henhouse is about 3.5 meters wide, 8 meters long and 2.5 meters high (calculated by the external wall).

Q: Is there a good market prospect for breeding Chai chicken?

A: Free-range Chai Chicken (native chicken and stupid chicken traditionally raised by farmers) feeds on natural foods such as tender leaves, grass seeds and insects, supplemented by some green feed. Chai chicken and free-range eggs are non-toxic, harmless and pollution-free, catering to people's consumption concept of advocating nature and returning to nature. Chai chicken is delicious in quality, its eggs are delicious and nutritious, and it is very popular with people, and its price is rising constantly. It is very popular in the market and has a broad market prospect.

Q: What's the difference between free-range chickens in the wild and caged chickens indoors?

A: According to the data, the market rule of caged hens is about 3.5 to 4 years, and the price goes from peak to trough. However, the market rule of free-range chicken is a cycle every year. Before the two festivals (Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day) every year, the prices of Chai Ji and free range eggs reached a peak, and kept running at a high price until the Spring Festival, and then entered a low price period. Therefore, Chai chicken farmers should arrange production and sales according to market rules, make good use of the time difference and make more money.

Q: What is the investment and profit of raising Chai Chicken?

A: According to the statistical data of Zanhuang Natural Agricultural Products Development Co., Ltd., each Chai chicken needs to invest about 15 yuan (feed, epidemic prevention, etc. ) According to the one-year cycle, the net profit is around 20 yuan. Chai chicken has been out of the market for more than three months and weighs about 2 kg. It needs 1 1 yuan (feed, epidemic prevention). A catty of hairy chicken is calculated in 8 yuan. The investment in raising Chai chicken is small and the profit is considerable, but the absolute profit of each Chai chicken is not too big. Therefore, if we want to make more money in Chai chicken breeding, we must increase the number of breeding, achieve economies of scale and achieve ideal economic results.

Q: Is it risky to raise Chai Chicken? Is it marketable?

A: Pure natural green food is increasingly favored by consumers, and the market demand is strong. The market for raising Chai chicken is smooth, with small investment, one cycle per year, short breeding cycle and fast capital turnover. Therefore, raising Chai Chicken is an industry with small investment, short cycle, quick effect, stable market and low risk.

Q: Is it appropriate to sell chicken during the peak price period before the Spring Festival?

A: Chickens are farmed once a year, all in and all out. Sales at peak prices before the Spring Festival have better economic benefits. The price drop after the Spring Festival also affected the spring replenishment. Rooster 100 days old can reach about 2.5 kg, so it should be sold in time. If the weight of clogs reaches more than 3 kg, they will eat more food, grow slowly and have low economic benefits. In short, the new concept of raising Chai Ji can't just sell eggs, sell eggs when you make money, and sell chickens when you make money. How to make money?

Q: Does it affect the laying of chickens that are free-range in the wild and frozen in winter?

A: Chai chicken is bred by native chickens and stupid chickens traditionally raised by farmers. Strong adaptability to the environment, cold resistance and disease resistance. The main factor affecting the egg laying rate is the light time. As long as the light of Chai chicken reaches 16 hours per day during the peak laying period, even if it snows, as long as there is no ice in the henhouse, it will not affect the laying rate.

Q: What kind of Chai Chicken breed is selected for high breeding efficiency?

A: In the past, Chai Chicken traditionally raised by farmers were all green-footed and thin-legged, with red, white, black and flower feathers. After 1980s, with the industrialized production of chicken industry in China, a large number of exotic chicken breeds entered, and indirectly crossed with local chicken breeds to varying degrees, which degraded the breeds. The most obvious thing is that some chicken breeds become bigger, their legs become thicker, their feet turn yellow, and their quality declines, which is not welcomed by consumers, leading to a decline in prices. The price of authentic pure Chai chicken products is 2 ~ 3 times that of ordinary caged hens. In order to cater to people's consumption concept of returning to nature, it is best for Chai Ji farmers to buy pure Chai Ji from regular manufacturers, which can make more money. Chai chicken bred by Zanhuang County Natural Company of Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Bureau has been issued with the production and operation license of pure Hebei Chai chicken. The egg laying rate is 65438 0% higher than that of ordinary Chai chicken, and the egg laying performance is obviously reduced, so the economic benefit of raising excellent Chai chicken is higher.

Q: How many chickens are suitable for one acre of grassland?

A: From the perspective of producing pure natural food and sustainable development, it is more appropriate to raise about 80 Chai chickens per mu of grassland. The grass planted is enough for chickens to eat without affecting the growth of grass. If we rely on supplementary feeding in Chaiji farm, we can appropriately increase the feeding amount per mu of grassland.

Q: Do free-range chickens need supplementary feeding? How much is appropriate for each chicken to eat every day?

Answer: Chai chicken feeds on leaves, grass seeds and insects in the wild, but it still lacks certain nutrition. Especially in winter, there is less food in the wild, and it is more necessary to supplement feed. It is more appropriate to supplement 1 half a day for each adult Chai Chicken. (To be continued)

Q: Are chickens fed with feed still natural green food?

Answer: It is too one-sided to think that chickens should drink mountain spring water when they are thirsty, eat grass when they are hungry, and eat grasshoppers when they are greedy. Only in this way can they produce green natural food. Green Chaiji product means that under the condition of acceptance by the National Green Office, the feed added by Chaiji cannot contain harmful ingredients (green feed) and harmful additives in a pollution-free environment, which does not mean that it is not allowed to add feed.

Q: Do you still need epidemic prevention to raise Chai chicken in the wild?

A: Chaiji is a natural local variety bred in rural areas of China for thousands of years. It has strong body, strong disease resistance and strong foraging ability in the wild. Chai chicken is free-range in the wild, and there are few epidemics. However, the prevention and control of the epidemic should not be taken lightly. We should give priority to prevention and implement it according to local immunization procedures, so as not to miss chickens or needles. Find a veterinarian to solve the disease in time, and the preventive health care of chicken disease costs less than the treatment after the disease. Pay attention to the sanitation and disinfection of chicken farms at ordinary times to prevent outsiders from entering and avoid the spread of diseases.

Q: What is the immunization program for free-range chickens in the wild? A: The formulation of immunization program should be based on local conditions, chicken farms, the epidemic situation of diseases this season, the situation of chickens and the characteristics of vaccines. Immune program of Hebei Chai Chicken (for reference only): 1 day, Marek's vaccine, subcutaneous injection in neck; 5 days old, infectious bronchitis H 120, nephrogenic vaccine, nasal drops or eye drops; 7 ~ 9 days old, Newcastle disease ⅱ or ⅳ, eye drops or nasal drops; 12 days old, infectious bursal disease vaccine, drinking water; 20 days old, infectious bursal disease virulent vaccine, drinking water; At the age of 25 ~ 30 days, Newcastle disease ⅳ, infectious bronchitis H52 and new kidney-kidney combined oil vaccine were injected through eyes, nose and subcutaneous respectively. 35 days old, spread throat, chickenpox, eye drops or nasal drops, and prick seeds; 60-day-old, newborn and kidney oil vaccine, intramuscular injection; 90 days old, dripping throat, eyes or nose; 120 days old, Newcastle disease+egg drop syndrome combined vaccine, intramuscular injection; 135 days old, avian influenza vaccine, intramuscular injection; 140 ~ 500 days old, Newcastle disease ⅳ or clone -30, drink water every two months.

Q: Does Chai chicken need to be farmed in groups?

A: For the healthy and normal growth of Chai chicken, it is necessary to group it in time. During the incubation period, the weak chicks are picked out, raised separately and carefully managed. During the stocking period, males and hens should be kept in groups in time. The protein content of young mothers' supplementary feed should not be too high, and the feed during the laying period should be nutritious and complete. Cocks should be properly fattened, the range of rooster activities should be reduced, the protein content of feed should be increased, and the number of supplementary feeding and the feeding amount should be increased.