Known as "hell on earth", what is terrible about Ningguta?

Known as "hell on earth", what is terrible about Ningguta? Where the hell is Ningguta?

geographical environment

Ningguta is located in Gucheng Village, Changting Town, hailin city, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province. It was an important town where China controlled the northeast frontier in Qing Dynasty. It is the military, political and economic center established by the Qing government in the northeast. Ningguta is not only a sparsely populated wasteland, but also a frozen and cold place all the year round. In summer, wetlands and grasslands are everywhere. If you don't pay attention, people and horses are in danger of collapse at any time. In addition to the dangerous terrain, you will be bitten by poisonous insects. Of course, 30 degrees below zero is common in winter, and the roads are blocked by snow and ice, making it almost impossible to walk.

Historical origin

Ningta is not a pagoda, it means "six people" in Manchu, and it is named after the legend that there are six brothers living in it. It is said that it was later connected with the "Six Ancestors" of Qing Taizu, and all the six sons born to Fu Man, the great-grandfather of Qing Taizu Nurhachi, lived here, known as Ningguta Baylor, or Ningguta for short. In this way, Ningguta became the birthplace of Manchu. During the period of Shunzhi, Ningguta became the receiving place of Qing court exiles. The Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty signed in 1860 stipulates that the Qing government must allocate most of this land to Russia, which is currently under the jurisdiction of Russia's Primorsky Krai. Vladivostok and Nakhodka, the important Pacific ports in the Russian Far East, are located in Guning Ancient Pagoda.

Great names in history

In fact, there are quite a few historical celebrities exiled by Ningta. Among them are Zheng Zhilong, the father of the famous anti-Qing fighter Zheng Chenggong, the famous poet Jin Shengtan and the thinker Lv Liuliang. Objectively speaking, their arrival not only spread the culture of the Central Plains, but also communicated the cultural exchanges between the people of the North and the South. It changed the original fishing and hunting lifestyle, planted rice, wheat, millet and tobacco leaves, collected ginseng and honey, and developed agricultural farming.

Exile is a severe punishment next to the death penalty.

Also known as exile, this is an ancient punishment, whose main function is to punish criminals and maintain social and ruling order by escorting sentenced people to desolate or distant places. However, exile is indeed a routine punishment. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, the system of five punishments centered on imprisonment was formally established. Exile is one of the five major punishments, second only to the death penalty. During the period of Shunzhi, Ningguta became the receiving place of Qing court exiles.

The pain of a long journey is unimaginable to ordinary people.

According to the laws of the Qing dynasty, after the verdict, the prisoner must set out within one month. The daily distance, the laws of the Qing dynasty also have clear provisions: 50 miles a day. The destination is 2500 Li, and it arrived 50 days ago. It is 3000 miles away and will arrive in two months. The distance of 50 miles is really nothing now, but in ancient times, wearing shackles, rain or shine every day, brain tonic. This is very painful for women. At that time, the woman who was still wrapped in her feet was at home all the year round and didn't move much. In addition, if you use your brain to make up three inches of golden lotus and walk in the virgin forest, there may be wolves, tigers and leopards at any time.

Food is not guaranteed, and you will starve to death at any time.

On the road, someone asked pedestrians what to eat. Their diet is provided by the government to the prisoners. The standard is 8 meals per person per day, and the age under 15 is halved. Think about eating at the university now. If you go on like this, the energy consumption will become huge. How can you eat eight cars a day? Boys should eat at least four or two bowls of rice. Two meals and eight pairs. So the food is just a guarantee that it won't starve to death. These foods may not be delivered to people, and they cannot be guaranteed under normal circumstances. So refugees often starve to death on the road.

Relatives are in pain, and their wives are separated.

In ancient times, one person broke the law and the whole family committed crimes. Therefore, most of the prisoners exiled to Ningguta are not a person, but a family member. Then they went to exile in chains. If you have money, buy a guard, maybe I can open it for you. Otherwise, I'm sorry it took dozens of days. Think about how uncomfortable it is for wooden shackles to absorb water in rainy days. In the Qing dynasty, the deportees were mainly dynasty officials and literati students. Usually there are few ordinary people, and their wives and daughters are well maintained and good-looking, so their wives and daughters deported with them may be sexually assaulted by escorts. It is said that the crime of vagrancy is not the death penalty, but a living crime, with a high mortality rate. In the Ming Dynasty, a vagrancy crime reached 60%. What concept? It means that the relatives you saw died in front of your eyes. Therefore, for many exiles, after learning that they were expelled, in order to avoid humiliation, they killed their wives and daughters or themselves.

Fortunately, arriving at Ningguta is actually just another painful beginning.

Expulsion is collectively referred to as relocation, and expulsion to Ningguta is basically delivery. When I arrived at Ningguta, there were only two kinds of results, one was a slave and the other was a policeman. In fact, slaves know how miserable it is without explanation. Slaves are inferior to livestock. Then, once a slave, always a slave. Their owners don't have to bear the legal responsibility for killing slaves like pigs. The female companions in the upper class are all good-looking. If slaves mainly possess them, men will be executed, and there is no need to get into trouble. So some rebels killed slave owners, but the result of being caught was only the execution that year. For immigrants, the gap is a dream treatment. In fact, it is reform through labor, and some people do hard work, pay food expenses every year, and do odd jobs in dormitories, mines and institutions.

In the Qing dynasty, people exiled prisoners to the birthplace of their legendary ancestors, probably to let the sinful people reform well. Never forgetting his active mind, he experienced the hardships of his ancestors' pioneering work, washed the prisoners' souls with the immortal spirit of his ancestors, and declared the authority of the rulers in the extremely cold and miserable land. Exile is one of the severe punishments, which is of course terrible. What is terrible is physical and mental pain, only your own pain. The key is to watch your wife and daughter suffer and watch them be destroyed. Therefore, to understand the meaning of the suffering of sin is to warn the world to cherish, not to violate the law and commit crimes, and to regret after losing freedom.