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Strawberries, also known as cranberries, ground berries, ground berries, pineapples, red berries and so on. , is a berry fruit tree in horticulture, and its scientific name is Fragaia ananassa Duchesne. Originated in Europe, it was introduced to China in the early 20th century and became popular in China. Strawberry has a heart-shaped appearance, bright pink, juicy pulp, sweet and sour taste, pleasant aroma and rich nutrition, so it has the reputation of "fruit queen" in Rosaceae, and it is a perennial herb. There are creeping branches, compound leaves, 3 leaflets, oval. Flowers in early summer, cymes, white or red flowers. Receptacle swells and becomes fleshy, achenes mature in summer and gather on the receptacle to synthesize red berries.

Rosaceae strawberry is a perennial evergreen herb. The main varieties are oriental strawberry, forest strawberry, green strawberry, Chilean strawberry and Weizhou strawberry. Distributed in the northern hemisphere and South America, Europe is the largest, followed by the United States, Japan, North Korea, Mexico and Canada. China is mostly planted in the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities. The cultivated varieties are mostly Weizhou strawberry and Chilean strawberry and their hybrid offspring. Strawberry plants are short and thick, with new stems branching upward year by year, long stalks and three compound leaves. Cymes are terminal with white or red flowers. After the flower withers, the receptacle expands into a juicy aggregate fruit, red or white, spherical, ovoid or oval, with many small achenes similar to seeds. I like warm and humid and good sunshine, but I can't stand cold, drought and high temperature. The root system consists of new stems and adventitious roots on the rhizome. The rhizome began to die after 3 years, and the yield was the highest in the second year, and the yield decreased after 3 years. Breeding with stolons in autumn. Planting strong seedlings, applying sufficient base fertilizer and renewing in one season after harvest can achieve high yield year after year. Can be cultivated in the open field and greenhouse. Using shoot tip and anther culture can obtain non-toxic seedlings in a short time and accelerate the breeding of new varieties. Strawberry fruit is rich in vitamin C, iron and many minerals. Can be eaten fresh and made into jam, fruit juice and fruit wine; Fresh fruits can be stored and transported with high quality through quick freezing.

The benefits of eating strawberries

Strawberry is a perennial herb of Rosaceae, also called cranberry, which originated in South America and was introduced to China in the early 20th century. There are many varieties of strawberries, including more than 2000 varieties. The fruit is bright red and beautiful, soft and juicy, sweet and sour, fragrant, and has the reputation of "fruit queen". Strawberry is rich in nutrition and contains many effective ingredients. Every 100 grams of fresh fruit and meat contains 60 milligrams of vitamin C, which is higher than that of apples and grapes. The pulp contains a lot of nutrients, such as sugar, protein, organic acids and pectin. In addition, strawberries are rich in vitamins B 1, B2, C, PP, minerals and some essential trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, zinc and chromium. Strawberry is an important source of cellulose, iron, potassium, vitamin C, flavonoids and other essential components for human body. Strawberry, also known as red berries, raspberries, broken berries and so on. , is the floorboard of Rosaceae strawberry plants, there are more than 50 species in the world.

Strawberry is rich in nutrition, containing fructose, sucrose, citric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, amino acids and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. In addition, it also contains a variety of vitamins, especially vitamin C, which contains 60mg per100g strawberry. Carotene contained in strawberry is an important substance to synthesize vitamin A, which has the function of improving eyesight and nourishing liver. Strawberries also contain pectin and rich dietary fiber, which can help digestion and make the stool unobstructed.

The nutrients of strawberries are easily digested and absorbed by the human body, and eating more will not catch a cold or get angry. It is a healthy food suitable for all ages. There are many ways to eat strawberries.

Food made from strawberries

Mix strawberries with cream or fresh milk, which tastes excellent; The washed strawberries are mashed with sugar and cream into strawberry jam, which is a cool, sweet, fragrant and beautiful summer food after freezing. Strawberry jam is a great food, such as making Yuanxiao steamed bread and bread stuffing. Strawberries can also be processed into juice, jam, fruit wine and canned food. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that strawberry is cool, sour and non-toxic, and has the functions of moistening lung, promoting fluid production, clearing away heat and cooling blood, strengthening spleen and relieving hangover.

How to clean strawberries?

When people wash strawberries, they remove the leaves and soak them in water. However, this method is incorrect. Because once the strawberry leaves are picked and soaked in water, pesticides may enter the strawberry heart through the water flow, and the pollution will be more serious.

Tips for washing strawberries

1) It is best to soak in light salt water or rice washing water for 5 minutes. Strawberries are difficult to clean, mainly because of their rough appearance and thin skin, which will break when washed. So many people simply use water to eat in order to save trouble. In fact, strawberry belongs to herbaceous plants, its plants are relatively low, its fruits are tender and juicy, and it is vulnerable to diseases, pests and microorganisms. Therefore, in the process of planting strawberries, pesticides should be used frequently. These pesticides, fertilizers and germs easily attach to the rough surface of strawberries. If it is not cleaned, it is likely to cause diarrhea and even pesticide poisoning.

2) Be sure to wash the strawberries, preferably with tap water continuously. Flowing water can prevent pesticides from infiltrating into fruits. Don't eat washed strawberries right away. It is best to soak in light salt water or rice washing water for 5 minutes. Light salt water can kill harmful microorganisms remaining on strawberry surface; Taomi water is alkaline and can promote the degradation of acidic pesticides. When washing strawberries, be careful not to take off the stems. If the pedicled strawberry is soaked in water, the residual pesticides will enter the fruit with the water, causing more serious pollution. In addition, strawberries should not be soaked in detergents such as detergent. These substances are difficult to clean and easy to remain in fruits, causing secondary pollution.

The origin of strawberry

Strawberry, also known as red berries, raspberries, broken berries and so on. , is the floorboard of Rosaceae strawberry plants, there are more than 50 species in the world. Strawberries originated in Europe and were introduced to China in the 20th century. Today, the United States, Poland and Russia are the countries that grow the most strawberries in the world. Strawberries have been planted in China for a short time, mostly in the suburbs of cities, with more output in Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang and Hangzhou. Strawberry is a perennial herb, and its fruit develops from receptacle to fleshy aggregate fruit, which is different from common fruit developed from ovary. Heart-shaped appearance, delicious and tender, juicy pulp, sweet and sour, and rich flavor. It not only has color, but also has pleasant fragrance that ordinary fruits don't have. It is a rare fruit with good color, fragrance and taste, so it is often known as the fruit queen. "

Adaptive environment of strawberry

Strawberries need to be planted in a sunny and warm environment. In addition, the soil is more hydrophobic. If you want to plant it in the ground, be careful not to use the land where potatoes have been planted before, because strawberries are easily infected with a pathogen on potatoes.

Strawberries need to be separated from the soil when they bear fruit, so it is a better choice to plant strawberries in flowerpots. You can choose to use more flowerpots and spread a layer of stone on the surface of the soil in the pots, so that it is not easy to splash the soil on strawberries when watering. If it is planted in soil, you can use some hay or mats to protect strawberries.

Tips for eating strawberries

1. In case of abdominal distension and poor appetite, you can eat 60 grams of strawberries three times a day before meals; 2. Bleeding gums, sores on the mouth and tongue, and less Huang Shi in urine. 60 grams of fresh strawberries can be mashed and taken with cold boiled water three times a day; 3. Dry cough without phlegm, when it does not heal for a long time, 6 grams of fresh strawberries and 30 grams of rock sugar can be stewed together, three times a day; 4. If you have a hot dry cough, sore throat and hoarse voice, you can wash fresh strawberries and juice them, one cup in the morning and one cup in the evening; 5. If you feel dizzy after drinking, you can eat100g of fresh strawberries at one time, which is helpful to sober up after washing; 6. For those who are malnourished or weak and emaciated after illness, you can juice the washed strawberries, add the same amount of rice wine and mix well to make strawberry wine, and drink 1 cup in the morning and evening.

Three-year cycle of strawberry planting

Strawberry planting has a three-year cycle. Only a few strawberries can be harvested in the first year, and a lot will be harvested in the second year, but the yield of strawberries will drop obviously in the third year or after, and plants need to be replaced. Therefore, reasonable arrangements for cultivating new plants can ensure that some strawberries are born in the second year of each year, and the maximum economic benefits can be obtained.

When strawberries grow well, they will give birth to a vine, and at the end of the vine, new plants will be born. When the seedlings grow to 3-4 leaves, they can be cut and planted in another flowerpot, and pay attention to watering. It is best not to let the annual new plant bear strawberries, as long as it grows more leaves. So when you find that a new strawberry blooms a year later, you should pick it. At the same time, don't forget to hang a small sign on the plant and write down the planting date of the new column, so as not to forget it in the future. Remove other redundant vines from the new plant. If strawberries are planted in the yard, you should also pay attention to weeding. Be careful not to get the strawberries wet when watering, because once the strawberries are splashed with water, they will rot easily.

Nursing care of strawberries

Strawberries turn red once they begin to bear fruit. Be careful not to be pecked by birds, because birds can easily find red things. Hang a net on strawberries or cover them with a wooden basket. But if you have a greenhouse at home, you can move strawberries to the greenhouse, and the effect will be better. Strawberries also bear fruit more easily. After the fruiting period, strawberries can be moved out of the greenhouse and put outdoors for the winter. From a certain point of view, if strawberry plants suffer some frost, it will be more conducive to increasing production in the coming year.

Strawberries are easy to cultivate and can be transplanted. Sometimes it may be found that plants have yellow leaves, but don't worry, just remove them. In winter, you can keep the yellow leaves until the next spring to grow new leaves, then remove the yellow leaves and pay attention to watering, weeding and insect prevention.

Strawberries can also be planted in plant bags, but they must be watered evenly to prevent birds from pecking strawberries and pests. The soil in the plant bag dries easily and needs to be checked frequently to ensure the soil is moist.

How to plant strawberries

Strawberries are suitable for planting in sunny and hydrophobic soil. The soil depth is about 8- 10 inch.

For large strawberries, the row spacing should be 12 inch and the plant spacing should be about 18 inch. It is necessary to remove the vines of the plants in time to facilitate strawberry fruit. Strawberry production is cyclical, so it is best to cultivate some new plants a few years before planting.

If you don't like strawberry management, you can plant a strawberry every 18-24 inches to make strawberries bloom everywhere. Of course it will be a little messy, and the strawberries are not big. If you want to avoid this situation, you can remove some vines appropriately.

In autumn, plants should be covered with a layer of soil to prevent frost. After the soil freezes, you can sprinkle 3-4 inches of hay on the plants. The next spring, when new leaves grow, they are moved to hay. When the weather is warm and stable, remove the mulch from the plant surface. But leave some hay between rows to prevent weeds from growing and keep soil moisture.

A base for growing strawberries

Dandong became the largest strawberry producing area in China.

With the listing of early-maturing strawberries, farmers in Yiquan Town, donggang city, Dandong, Liaoning Province are as busy as a bee during the Spring Festival. Only 0.2 mu of greenhouse, he earned more than 3000 yuan this year. According to local government statistics, there are 60,000 farmers engaged in strawberry industry like Yu in Dandong, with an annual per capita income of nearly 8,000 yuan. The strawberry planting area in Dandong has reached 1 10000 mu, and the annual output is 13000 tons, accounting for more than 15% of the national total output. Dandong is the largest strawberry production base in China.

At present, Dandong strawberry is gradually realizing the industrialization of new varieties of seedlings, the scale of production base, the serialization of fruit processing and the internationalization of product market. Dandong strawberries have been exported to Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the United States and other countries, with an annual output value of 450 million yuan.

The strawberry planting benefit in Luoxi Town, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province is very high.

Luoxi Town, Xinbei District, Changzhou City, closely focuses on the overall goal of "increasing agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers' income and stabilizing rural areas", and makes full use of the radiation drive of the facility agricultural demonstration park and the experience and technology of planting strawberries for more than 20 years to actively guide farmers to develop strawberry planting. At present, there are more than 2,000 households engaged in strawberry cultivation in this town, covering an area of 4,500 mu, accounting for more than 70% of Changzhou's market share.

Fenghua Ueda Strawberry Base is listed as the national spark plan.

A few days ago, the Ministry of Science and Technology released some plans for the industrialization of science and technology in 2003. The construction of pollution-free production base and the development of fermented wine series products in Shangtian Town, Fenghua, Zhejiang Province were listed as the national spark project plan in 2003. The project is managed by Fenghua Science and Technology Bureau and implemented by Gunma Liquor Co., Ltd.. The implementation period is 3 years.

Brief introduction of strawberry base in Yongren County, Yunnan Province

Changzhou strawberry producing areas are mainly distributed in Yongding and Lianchi. In 2003, 265,438+05 households in five villages in Yongding and Lianchi Township planted 330 mu of strawberries, and the main varieties were Guinvgan, Zenia, Changle, Berry Bao and Daslake. * * * Harvest 4 1.25 thousand Jin of fresh strawberries and realize the output value. This year, Koharu planted 280 mu of strawberries in 5 villages and 13 villagers' groups in Lianchi and Yongding townships. The yield per mu of fresh strawberries is 1, 000- 1, 200 Jin, and the price per Jin of fresh strawberries is 1.5-2.5 yuan. Now, the harvest has basically ended.