Appreciation and Translation of Shan Shi Pu Songling's Classical Chinese Original Works

During our study time, many people have been exposed to many classic classical Chinese, right? In fact, classical Chinese is relative to the vernacular Chinese after the New Culture Movement. There was no such thing as classical Chinese in ancient times. In order to help you better understand the classical Chinese, the following is the appreciation and translation of the original classical Chinese of "Shanshi _ Pu Songling" compiled by me for your reference only. Let's have a look.

mountain city

Pu Songling in Qing Dynasty

The mountain around the city, one of the eight scenic spots, has not been seen for several years. Yu Nian, the grandson, was drinking with his colleagues upstairs. Suddenly, he saw a lonely tower standing high in the sky on the top of the mountain. He looked at each other in surprise, but there was no such monastery in his mind. Nothing. I didn't know it was a mountain city until I saw dozens of palaces and blue tiles flying. A few days later, the high wall was towering for six or seven miles, which was really a battleground for military strategists. Hundreds of millions of people own a building, a hall and a square. Suddenly, the wind is blowing, the dust is boundless, and the city is just blurred. As soon as the wind clears up, everything is gone, leaving only a dangerous building and going directly to lonely people. There are five buildings with wide windows; There is a queue at five o'clock, also outside the building.

Layer by layer index, the higher the building, the less bright it is. Count to the eighth floor and cut it like a star. On top of it, it is hazy and there are countless levels. And the people upstairs come and go, or rely on or rely on, not the same. Over time, the building is getting lower and lower, revealing the top; Gradually return to normal buildings; Gradually fell in love with tall houses; Suddenly, like a fist, like a bean, out of sight.

I also heard that there were early walkers who saw the crowded shops on the mountain, which was unparalleled in the world, so it was also called the "ghost market" cloud.

translate

The mountain city around the mountain is one of the eight scenic spots in Zichuan County, but it is rare for several years. A son named Sun was upstairs drinking with some like-minded friends. Suddenly he saw a lonely tower on the top of the mountain, towering into the sky. Everyone looked at each other and wondered that there was no such monastery nearby. Not long after, dozens of tall palaces, green glazed tiles and cornices appeared, and (people) realized that this was a mountain city. After a while, I saw a high and low wall, six or seven miles long, even like a city. Among them, there are buildings, halls and streets, which clearly appear in front of us, and can be hundreds of millions. Suddenly, a strong wind blew, and there was a lot of dust in the air, and the city became blurred. Then, the wind stopped and the sky became clear again. Everything disappeared except a towering building. There are five rooms on each floor, and all the doors and windows are open. There are five bright places in each row, which are the sky outside the building.

Pointing at the numbers layer by layer, the higher the building, the smaller the bright spot. When I reached the eighth floor, the bright spots were as big as stars. Counting up again, it is too dark to see clearly, and it is impossible to calculate the grade. The people upstairs are in a hurry, leaning and standing, with different shapes. After a while, the building is getting lower and you can see the top of the building. Slowly it becomes like an ordinary tall building, and then it gradually becomes like a tall house. Suddenly, it's as big as a fist and as small as a bean, and then you can't see anything.

I also heard that people who travel early see shops and markets on the mountain (people come and go), which is no different from human beings, so it is also called "ghost market".

To annotate ...

Mountain City: A mirage, similar to a mirage.

Around the mountain: the name of the mountain. Old Zichuan county is surrounded by mountains, and it is also written around mountains.

City: County. This refers to Zichuan County in Qing Dynasty, which belongs to today's Zibo City.

Sun: The glorious title of Sun. Childe, formerly used to address the children of the rich and aristocratic families.

But I haven't seen you for years: I often don't see you once in many years. Sure, but ... Many years. Constant, often.

Companion: people who participate in * * * or like-minded friends.

Drink: drink.

Qingming: blue sky, sky. Blue, describing the color of the sky. Ghosts describe the infinite sky.

Care: You look at me and I look at you.

Reading: thinking.

Temple: Buddhist temple. Zen, a Buddhist term, refers to something related to Buddhism.

Nothing: soon, not yet.

Biwa Feikun: Blue tile cornice. Feifei: A roof with sloping ends. Liao, the roof of the room

Enlightenment: I understand. Beginning: talent, enlightenment: understanding

Not long: soon, not for a while. It means the same as the previous "no".

High: a city wall with one high and one low. High walls. Above, it is also written as "awkward". Refers to the female wall, that is, the low wall with concave and convex shape on the wall.

Rooting: continuous.

In fact, it has become a battlefield. Actually, actually. City walls, cities.

There are buildings in it: some are like buildings.

Some are like halls. Hall. Hall.

Fang Ruo: Some are like memorial archways. Square, street, shop.

In my mind: clearly in front of my eyes.

To: use.

Mangran: A confused face. Vast and confused.

Vaguely: vaguely.

As soon as possible: soon.

Nothing: this word is used to describe nothing, and it can also be used to describe that there is not much left. Now, everything is gone. Nothing, illusion, does not exist. Wu, use "nothing".

Dangerous building: tall building. Dangerous, high.

Direct: Connect.

Han Xiao: Xiao Yun and Tianhe.

Window leaf: A window.

All: all.

Open: open

Cut like a star: as small as a star. Cut, pass "only", only.

Vague: hazy, vague, as if nothing had happened. Hazy, hazy looks ethereal, fuzzy, if not, it is also "ethereal"

And: then.

Fragments: describe a hurry. Fragments, busy appearance.

Or: some people.

Author: rely on.

Different shapes: different shapes.

Timeout: After a while.

Suddenly: suddenly.

Sui: Finally.

Crowded market: people and market. Shops, markets. Fourth, shops.

Loneliness: loneliness.

Shrugging: Stand up straight.

Doubt: surprise, doubt.

Bibi: Turquoise.

Colleague: a friend of the same trade.

Ran: But.

Quantity: several.

Ming (from the article "Later Ming became less and less"): Ming.

Ok (from the article "I heard that there are early walkers"): urgent (another word means to go)

Unique: no different from the secular situation.

Sun: The glorious title of Sun.

The wind will clear up: the wind will stop and the sky will clear up.

The solitary tower rises: it means that an solitary tower stands.

Common words

Cut like a star: cut through the "talent", only, only, now.

Wu: No, no.

Flexible use of parts of speech

Therefore, it is also called "Ghost Town" Cloud (name: Hoo, Hoo. Nouns are used as verbs.

The windows are all open (hole: like hole, noun is adverbial).

If there is a building, if there is a hall, if there is a square. There are terraces, halls and archways in the city.

The building is getting lower and lower. Adjectives as verbs)

Different meanings of ancient and modern times

Constant:

Ancient meaning: often, often.

Today's meaning: lasting and ordinary.

Gu:

Ancient meaning: Look.

Meaning: pay attention.

Reading:

Ancient meaning: 1. Thinking, thinking 2. Missing, thinking 3. Reading.

Meaning: 1 Miss er. Reading.

Enlightenment:

Ancient meaning: I understand.

Meaning: I understand.

Start:

Meaning: Start.

Dangerous buildings:

Ancient meaning: tall buildings. Dangerous and towering.

Modern significance: dangerous building.

Direct:

Ancient meaning: forever connected.

Modern meaning: without going through the middle.

Dimly:

Ancient meaning: 1. Black appearance 2. The appearance is dim 3. Depressed appearance 4. The meaning of harmony and fluency.

Meaning: 1 Dark appearance II. Feel uncomfortable and depressed.

Level:

Ancient meaning: number of layers.

Modern meaning: the order of speaking and writing.

Above:

Ancient meaning: the short concave-convex wall above the city wall, also known as the female wall.

Meaning: Look sideways to describe arrogance.

Actually:

Ancient meaning: unexpected.

Meaning: to express surprise, beyond one's expectation.

I haven't seen you for years. Conjunction, but, however.

The appearance of auxiliary words ...

(Original: Actually, the city was destroyed) suffix, adverb suffix.

Number:

(Original: See dozens of palaces) Quantifiers, several, several.

(original: count to eight, cut like a star) verb, count. I haven't seen you for years.

(Original: If there is a building, if there is a hall, if there is a square) Others want balconies, halls and memorial archways.

Nothing:

Ancient meaning: soon, later.

Today: Nothing.

Use:

(original: hundreds of millions) use, (describe a lot).

Classical Chinese sentence patterns

Judgement

Surrounding the mountain is one of the eight scenic spots in this city.

The first realization is the mountain city (judging by "Wei")

elliptical sentence

Drinking with colleagues (upstairs), (they) suddenly saw an isolated tower rising from the top of the mountain, inserted high into the green ghost, (they) looked at each other in amazement, and (they) missed the monastery and "isolated tower" in the near future.

inverted sentence

There is only one dangerous building.

See dozens of palaces.

Make an appreciative comment

Throughout the whole process of mountain market, it can be divided into four stages.

initial stage

This is the picture in the eyes of witnesses. The article also describes the psychological changes of witnesses: when they saw the lonely tower, they were "surprised", indicating that it suddenly appeared and was taken to the place where witnesses and real readers were together.

What followed was what the witness saw, but the reader's feeling changed: everything seemed to be seen with his own eyes.

stage of development

First, I always write: "The high wall is proud, running six or seven miles." There is quite a feeling of grandeur. Then write separately: "There are hundreds of millions of people with buildings, halls and squares." Although a few words, it can induce readers to imagine a picture similar to the riverside scene on Qingming Festival. This picture finally disappeared in the wind, which was disappointing.

High tide stage

Because "the wind will be clear and everything will be empty", there is only one dangerous building high above, so the shape of the building is particularly clear, and even the sky outside the building is exposed, giving people the feeling that the distance is shorter than that of the previous battlements. What's more special is that there are people coming and going upstairs, or standing or standing, which has the function of taking care of people from the beginning, indicating that this place can really see this strange phenomenon.

Time changes: suddenly-nothing-not long-suddenly-once-with time-suddenly.

Changes in scenery: isolated towers-palaces-city walls-dangerous buildings-disappearing.

Fading stage

The scene disappears completely, and the mountain city scene is over. The last sentence of the author echoes the first sentence, adding mystery to the mountain city.

theme

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio exposes the darkness of reality and the sins of officials at that time, criticizes the imperial examination system and ethics, and depicts the love story of young men and women in a sympathetic tone. However, there are also some feudal ethics and superstitions in the book that advocate "loyalty, filial piety, chastity and righteousness".

1, suspense is the author's "but I haven't seen it for many years", which adds a bit of mystery to the mountain city and the reader's curiosity is strongly stimulated.

Blend feelings into the landscape

Set the scene with emotion. When describing, the author described the wonders of the mountain city through the eyes of Sun and his friends. When Sun was drinking with his friends, he suddenly saw a vague and towering "solitary tower" on the top of the mountain in the distance. They can't help worrying about each other, because there are no temples here. Where did the solitary tower come from? This strong sense of surprise and confusion is not only a contrast to the grotesque mountain scenery, but also a medium that infects readers. In the process of description, the author melts this emotion, attracting readers step by step and uncovering the secret of the mountain city. In this paper, the amazing emotional fluctuations are described layer by layer, which makes every scene and change in the mountain city give people a novel feeling. Then, dozens of magnificent palaces appeared next to the "lonely tower", and the author pointed out that "the beginning of enlightenment is a mountain city", and Sun and his friends were "shocked" and "enlightened". Accompanying "enlightenment" should be a relaxed and relieved mood, focusing on watching the rare wonders of the mountain city.

The activities of all kinds of people upstairs subtly stained the posture and charm of the characters in the building. If the front is a rough, virtual and rough brushwork that outlines the general situation of the city, and the momentum is flying when it is written, then the back is a fine, solid and fine brushwork that specifically describes the first floor and the mountain city. It is very emotional. In this description, we not only saw the tall buildings and battlements in the "mountain city", but also seemed to touch them. " At the same time, it also makes the mirage that appears out of thin air full of rich life breath and real feeling. At the same time, when describing the scenery, the author stops here, leaving readers with unlimited imagination and pondering space.

Dynamic and static mutual change

The scenery of the mountain city is changeable, and the author tries to capture every change of the mountain city. In just a hundred words, his description is vivid, vivid and amazing.

Most people can only look and sigh. This article, written according to eyewitness's account, vividly reproduces the process of the mountain city from its emergence to its disappearance, and can be beautifully written in both the outline and the nuanced description.

Teaching suggestion

This is a self-reading text, which can be used to guide students to read in one class.

First of all, we need to know the formation of mountain cities: when light propagates in a uniform medium with the same density, the speed of light is constant and travels in a straight line. But when light obliquely enters another medium with different density, the speed of light will change and the direction will be tortuous. This phenomenon is called refraction. When you insert a straight rod obliquely into the water, you can see that the underwater part and the exposed part of the rod seem to interrupt the light. This phenomenon is called total reflection.

Air itself is not a homogeneous medium. Generally speaking, its density decreases with the increase of height. The higher the height, the smaller the density. When light passes through the air layer at different heights, it will always cause some refraction, but this kind of refraction phenomenon has become accustomed to our daily life, so we don't feel anything strange.

However, when the air temperature changes vertically, it will lead to different refraction and total reflection, resulting in a mirage. Mirages appear in different forms because of the different specific conditions of abnormal air density.

In summer, the humidity of seawater is relatively low in daytime, especially on the sea surface where cold water flows, and the water temperature is even lower. The low-level air is affected by the water temperature, which is colder than the high-level air, resulting in the abnormal phenomenon that it is cold in the lower part and warm in the upper part (under normal circumstances, it is warm in the lower part and cool in the upper part, with an average temperature drop of about 0.5~0.6 per 100m). The lower air is extremely dense because of its high air pressure and high density, and its temperature is lower than that of the upper air layer, so the difference between density and rareness under the air layer is extremely significant.

"When you are in Zhangzhou Sea, there are clouds, such as watching the palace, the people in the city, and the crown of horses and chariots."

This is a mirage he saw in Penglai. 1In the early morning of May 22, 933 1 1 point, a mirage was also found on Zhucha Island in Qianhai, Qingdao (the outer mouth of Jiaozhou Bay), which spread all over the city for a time and many people went to watch it. 1975, a 6-hour mirage appeared in the sea near Guangdong province.

Mirages can be seen not only on the sea in summer, but also on the river in the morning, for example, on the river near Nantong on August 2, 1934. It was cold that day, and it was particularly hot. In the afternoon, I suddenly found balcony walls and tree houses over the Yangtze River, both of which are more than 20 miles long. About half an hour later, it moved eastward and suddenly disappeared. Then three mountains appeared, towering into the sky, with a mountain in the middle, much like a censer; It took half an hour to disappear.

When the refracted light reaches the hot and thin air layer near the ground, total reflection occurs, and the light is reflected from the low-density air layer near the ground back to the higher-density air layer above. In this way, after a downward concave arc light, the image of the tree is sent to people's eyes and the reflection of the tree appears.

Because the reflection is below the real thing, it is also called a mirage. This kind of reflection can easily give people the illusion that there are trees by the water, thinking that there must be a lake in the distance. Most people who have traveled in the desert have had similar experiences. A photographer who filmed the film "Climbing Mount Everest in Hishapang" saw such a mirage while walking on a vast arid grassland. He ran in the direction of a mirage, trying to fetch water for cooking. When he ran there and saw that there was no water, he found himself cheated by a mirage. This is because hay, like sand, can be heated by the scorching sun, which gradually increases the density of the air layer from bottom to top, thus creating a mirage.

No matter what kind of mirage, it can only appear in windless or extremely weak weather conditions. When strong winds combine, which causes the agitation and mixing of the upper and lower air, the air density difference between the upper and lower air decreases, and there is no abnormal refraction and total reflection of light, then all illusions disappear immediately.

According to the characteristics and teaching requirements of this text, classroom teaching can be divided into two parts: the first part, the task is to enable students to read fluently, be familiar with descriptive terms in the text and cultivate students' imagination. It will take about 35 minutes. The second half of the task is to complete the exercise, which takes about 10 minutes. The former is the foundation, the foundation is solid, and the exercise can be successfully completed.

Here are some suggestions on how to complete the first part of the task:

First, preview or grasp. There are many new words in this class. Although there are notes, it is still difficult to remember them without reading them several times. It is not easy to read sentences fluently. These difficulties must be fully estimated, so that students can have related words or auxiliary words at the end of the text in preview, such as "(What) the wind will clear up" and "The city has actually been destroyed (easy)"; Some of them are in sentences, such as "We haven't met each other for several years" and "I saw the mountains crowded with people and shops". Reading these four-word structures well is the key.

Read the full text at least four times (about 10 minutes).

Third, combine word interpretation with cultivating students' imagination. All in the way of enlightening questions, according to the three pictures of "Mountain City" (Tower and Palace; Walls and other buildings; Ask questions in turn, and finally connect them with time words. (about 20 minutes)

After asking questions, it is best to read the full text twice, and remind students to imagine the "mountain city" while reading, so as to keep the impression intact.

Don't be greedy about the introduction of writers' works. If you finish the exercise quickly, you can also tell one or two short stories. There is no need to repeat what the subtitles have already said.

Creation background

Set the scene with emotion. When the author saw it, he saw the wonders of mountains and cities through the eyes of Sun and his friends.

Appreciation of famous sentences

The mountain around the city, one of the eight scenic spots, has not been seen for several years.

From the beginning, I wrote that the mountain city is unique and is "one of the eight scenic spots in the county", which is rare for several years.

When Sun Gongzi Yu () and his colleagues were drinking upstairs, they suddenly saw a lonely tower on the top of the mountain, which was inserted high in the middle of the green ghost (míng). He looked at each other in disbelief, but there was no such monastery nearby. Why, when he saw palaces/dozens of palaces méng blue tiles dancing, he realized that it was a mountain city.

Second, enter the palace. "Biwa Feida" shows the grandeur of the palace and shows it to the people a little bit clearly and truly. Mountain city is the theme of roll call.

A few days later, Gao Yuan (yuán), (pì) and (nì) ran six or seven miles, which turned out to be a city.

Three people make a battlefield. These nine words, "the high wall is above the crowd, stretching for six or seven miles", replace the reality with the virtual, and replace the fine with the micro.

Hundreds of millions of people own a building, a hall and a square. Suddenly, the wind rises and the dust is turbulent (m m ℉ ng), but the city is only a blur.

Roughly outline the scale and outline of a huge city. "Vivid" reproduces the clarity of the mountain city. Billion shows the prosperity of this city in an exaggerated way. From cloudy to sunny.

Then the wind cleared up, and there was nothing, except a dangerous building, which went directly to heaven (xiāo). There are five rooms in the building, and all the windows (fēi) are open; There is a queue at five o'clock, also outside the building.

From cloudy to sunny. There are dangerous buildings all around. "Straight Xiao (xiāo) Han" highlights the situation of tall buildings.

There are all kinds of people coming and going upstairs When it exceeds (yú), the building gradually becomes lower, exposing the top; Gradually return to normal buildings; Gradually fell in love with tall houses; Shu (shū) is like a fist like a bean, while su ū is invisible.

"Xiè" is a vivid description of the activities, charm and manners of people upstairs, which makes readers feel like touching the humanistic customs of "Mountain City". Architectural changes: from high to low, from large to small, from there to nothing. The meticulous brushwork here is amazing. "Shu (shū) is suddenly like a fist like a bean, and Su (su) is invisible." The disappearance of welcome describes the changes of architecture, which is dizzying and memorable.

I also heard that there were early walkers who saw the crowded market on the mountain, which was unparalleled in the world, so it was also called the "ghost market" cloud.

Make up the narrative at the end, and then write about the ever-changing mountain city. The "smell" side proves that the "mountain city" is real.