When will the northern loquat ripen?

Look over there, if it's South China and Guangdong, it will be available in February-March. If you are in Jiangxi \ Hunan, it will be April, and the farther north you go, the later it will be! But now many out-of-season ones are sold during the Spring Festival!

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What is loquat? Is there one in the north?

Loquat was called Lu Ju in ancient times, also known as Jin Wan and Lu Zhi. Loquat originated in the southeast of China, so it is named after it looks like a pipa instrument.

In Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province, the fruit ripens from1February to May of the following year.

The ancient name Tianxia Fan is 3 ~ 5 meters high, with large and long leaves, thick and fluffy, long oval, and looks like a pipa. Aliases are also called Lu Ju, Lu Zhi, Jin Wan, Guo Yan and Jiao Zi.

Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only fruit tree that prepares for the four seasons". Because of this, people call loquat, cherry and bayberry "three sisters in early summer".

Not in the north

Loquat is abundant in the southeast of China.

As shown in the figure below:

Can loquat be planted in the north?

Loquat is rich in nutrition and has a unique taste. Flowers, fruits, leaves and roots can be used as medicine, but they are not resistant to storage and transportation. It is a unique fruit tree in southern China. Loquat likes light, is slightly shade-tolerant, has a warm climate, fertile and moist soil with good drainage, is slightly cold-tolerant, cold-tolerant, and grows slowly, with an average temperature of more than 12 ~ 15, not less than -5℃ in winter, and not less than 0℃ in flowering period and young fruit period.

Under normal circumstances, it can also be cultivated in Henan Province, but young fruits with fruiting period below MINUS 2 degrees will be frozen, and the suitable cultivation areas are the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south. It is best to have fertile soil. Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places have more plants.

It is best to plant loquat in greenhouse in the north. Open-air planting grows slowly and is not easy to survive.

Main cultivation techniques in greenhouse:

1, colonization. Planted in the greenhouse, north-south rows, close planting cultivation, plant spacing of 2× 1 m, 5 plants per row. In the case of sunny weather in spring, choose 1 year-old seedlings.

2. Temperature management. 165438+1at the beginning of October,165438+1The greenhouse will be heated around October 20th to ensure that the minimum temperature at night is not lower than 10℃, and the heating will be stopped around March 20th. At the same time, pay attention to the noon temperature can not be too high, timely ventilation, keep the temperature in the greenhouse not more than 30℃. In May, greenhouses and greenhouses will be built.

3. Lighting management. Seedlings like to scatter light. After planting, they should set up a sunshade net to shade the sun when the light is strong. But adult trees need enough light. Direct sunlight is easy to get sunburned, so it is necessary to plant it densely in summer and build a sunshade net to shade it.

4. Water and fertilizer management. Loquat likes an environment with moist air and plenty of water. Dilute water should be poured in the fruit development period and the new shoot growth period, and water should be properly controlled in the fruit maturity period to avoid fruit cracking, fruit quality decline, delayed ripening and other adverse consequences.

Loquat is a fruit tree that needs a lot of fertilizer and has no obvious dormancy period. Shooting 3 ~ 5 times a year requires a lot of fertilizer. Young trees should be fertilized 5 ~ 6 times a year, every 2 months/kloc-0 times, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently. Adult fruit trees are fertilized four times a year. Fertilize before flowering for the first time from mid-July to mid-August, and apply 5 ~ 10 kg of livestock manure per plant. The second fertilization is from the end of165438+/kloc-0 to the beginning of 65438+February, and each plant is applied with 4 ~ 5kg farm manure, 0.8 ~ 1 kg compound fertilizer, 0.8 ~ 1 kg calcium magnesium phosphate and 0.3 ~ 0.5kg urea. The third time, during the fruit expansion period, the demand for potassium was the largest, which was 2.7 times that of nitrogen. In June 5438+the following year1October, during the rapid fruit expansion period, quick-acting fertilizers mainly containing potassium and phosphorus were applied, and exogenous fertilizers were applied. After the fourth fertilization, it should be applied in late March of the following year, before or within 1 week after fruit picking, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and part of organic fertilizer added.

5. Flower and fruit management. Loquat has a long flowering period, and the first flower is mainly used in greenhouse, which not only has large fruit and good quality, but also makes loquat bear fruit and mature early. Try to thin the fruit as early as possible in the greenhouse, first remove the deformed fruit, diseased fruit or stunted young fruit, and leave 5 ~ 6 fruits per ear. Try to hide the fruit in the leaves when thinning the fruit. Bagging with special grape bags after the last fruit thinning. It starts from the top of the tree and then covers down to the periphery of the crown. Paper sleeves can be tied with straw or paper clips. When bagging, make sure that the bag bulges to facilitate ventilation.

6, plastic trimming. In the young tree stage, a lot of pruning is not carried out, and branches are mainly pulled from 1 month to 1 month and a half before the first flowering to promote flower bud differentiation and ensure the early yield of loquat. After picking loquat, the fruiting tree was pruned, and the loquat tree was gradually cultivated into a trunk layer with thinning branches as the main means and for the purpose of ventilation and improving lighting conditions.

7, pest control. The main diseases that are easy to occur in greenhouse are sunburn and shoot blight. Therefore, facilities such as sunshade nets should be used to avoid sunburn, and at the same time, soil improvement and fertilization management should be strengthened to improve disease resistance. The main pests are red spiders and aphids. It can be controlled by pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity.

When does loquat usually grow and bear fruit?

The external factors of fruit-bearing time of loquat trees are very important. The flowering period is 10 ~ 12, and the low temperature in May-June (1) of the second year of fruiting causes the flowers to wither. The flowering time of loquat is11-65438+February. At this time, the cold air in the north is more frequent and the temperature is lower. After the pollen is stigma, it begins to germinate when the temperature is above 10℃, but it does not germinate well when it is above 35℃, and the effective pollination time of loquat is not long. Low temperature and chilling injury will prevent loquat pollen from flowering and fertilization, which will lead to loquat withering. Artificial pollination can basically solve this problem. (2) Young fruits were damaged by freezing. When the temperature is lower than -3℃, young fruits are obviously damaged by freezing. The duration of low temperature is closely related to the freezing degree of young fruits. That is, the duration is short and the freezing degree is light; The longer it lasts, the more serious it is. According to the observation of fruit experts, 20% of loquat young fruits have been frozen to death at -3℃ for 3 hours. If the temperature is -4℃ 1 hour, the mortality rate of young rubber will reach more than 40%.

How many years does loquat bear fruit? Loquat trees are male and female. If you plant seeds, it will take a long time, at least five years. Generally, it takes three years to sow, transplant, graft and plant loquat trees, and then it takes four years to bear fruit. 10~40 years is the full fruit period. Can loquat trees be planted in Shandong? Shandong loquat trees had better be domesticated and cultivated near Shandong. For example, East China Hua Mu Company in northern Jiangsu has cultivated a large number of loquat trees, and the survival rate is higher than that in the south. A large number of experiments have proved that loquat trees can be planted in Shandong, but the fruit of loquat trees is small and has no edible value, only ornamental value.

Can loquat trees be planted in the north?

Generally not suitable for planting. Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only fruit tree with four seasons".

In most northern areas such as Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, there will be severe cold weather in winter. Unless it has been domesticated in Dafeng and Suqian Shuyang loquat bases in Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, it is not suitable for planting loquat trees. After excessive low temperature in northern Jiangsu, it was transplanted to the north, with excellent cold tolerance, high survival rate and basically no dead seedlings.

How to plant pipa in the north and how to spend the winter?

Loquat can be wrapped in straw to keep warm when it overwinters. If the dimension is too high, you can also use greenhouse culture. Loquat likes light, slightly cloudy, with warm climate, moist soil, rich water and good drainage. Loquat is a little cold-resistant and grows slowly. The average temperature is above 2 ~ 15, not lower than -5℃ in winter, and not lower than 0℃ in flowering and young fruit period.

Loquat originated in the southeast of China, so it is named after its leaves are shaped like pipa, and its flowers can be used as medicine. The tree is 3 ~ 5 meters high, with long and big leaves, thick and fluffy, long oval, like a pipa.

When is loquat tree suitable?

Originated in the subtropical zone, it needs high temperature, and the average annual temperature is above 12℃ to grow normally. However, the average annual temperature of loquat trees cultivated and domesticated in northern Jiangsu is-10 ~ 30℃, which can be planted in areas without particularly cold weather.

Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only fruit tree with four seasons".

In most northern areas such as Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, there will be severe cold weather in winter. Unless it has been domesticated in Dafeng and Suqian Shuyang loquat bases in Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, it is not suitable for planting loquat trees. After excessive low temperature in northern Jiangsu, it was transplanted to the north, with excellent cold tolerance, high survival rate and basically no dead seedlings.

Planting method:

First, apply fruit fertilizer.

After loquat matures, the nutritional level of the tree is relatively low, so it is necessary to apply sufficient fertilizer in time after fruit picking, and it is required to apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilization should account for about 50% of the whole year. Especially in high-yield orchards, the amount of fertilization should be increased, and farm manure 1000- 1500 kg, quick-acting compound fertilizer 50 kg and cake fertilizer 100- 150 kg can be applied per mu.

Fertilization should be applied in circular furrow with the crown dripping water as the boundary, and it must be completed one week after fruit picking, and irrigation should be done in time to facilitate the root system to absorb nutrients and promote the early germination of summer shoots.

Second, summer pruning

Summer pruning must be based on ventilation and light transmission to enhance the tree potential. Prune cross branches, overlapping branches, diseased branches and dead branches. The fruiting branches should be shortened: weak fruiting branches, 1-2 sprouting branches in spring, and too many weak branches should be thinned; For long branches, they should be drained, cut short or left with branches according to the spacing of the crown; For the main branches with too many wounds, it is necessary to smear the wounds with sulfur mixture in time to prevent the wounds from being infected with germs and affecting the growth of trees.

Third, pest control.

The main pests and diseases are more common during the germination of summer shoots and the formation of fruiting mother branches.

The hazards include red spider, yellow spider, tail worm, yellow caterpillar, longicorn beetle, loquat gray butterfly, pear moth, branch rot, leaf spot and so on.

Leaf diseases should strengthen fertilizer and water management, improve irrigation and drainage facilities, and improve the disease resistance of trees. When it is hot and rainy in summer, spraying 30% Aimiao 3000 times solution +2% KaSu Ming 300 times solution on the leaves to control leaf spot and anthracnose, and using 2.5% force or 2000-3000 times solution to control pests. Make paste with 1:2 crown fungus copper and Lufeng 95, and smear the trunk 1 time every 4-5 days for 3 times continuously to prevent and control branch rot. April-May and August-165438+1October are the peak periods of occurrence of red spiders and yellow spiders, and 1.8% easy-cutting emulsifiable concentrate or 40% bitter dragon 1500 times solution is used for control.

Tailworm occurs twice a year, and its larvae live in groups and can be killed artificially. Use 2.5% effort or attack 2000-3000 times of liquid to control yellow caterpillars. From mid-June to August, longicorn laid eggs on the base of branches. After spawning, the branches are in a "Sichuan" shape, and the eggs are just laid by hand. If the larvae have eaten into the branches, inject 50- 100 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate into the branches with a syringe and plug the holes with clay. Before bagging young fruits, spray 2.5% kung fu or 2,000-3,000 times of liquid, or use brown sugar 1 part, vinegar 2 parts, water 10-20 parts, add a small amount of white wine and 90% trichlorfon crystals to make sweet and sour liquid for trapping and killing, so as to prevent and control gray butterfly and pear moth. Moths can use the phototaxis of adults to install frequency vibration or insecticidal lamps in parks to trap and kill adults.

Can loquat be planted in the north bear fruit?

Loquat planted in the north can bear fruit.

Loquat trees can't bear fruit in the north. The climate in the north is not suitable, and the seedlings are very sad in winter, unless warm measures are taken.

Loquat is a subtropical tree, which requires high temperature, and can grow normally when the annual average temperature is above 65438 02℃. However, the average annual temperature of loquat cultivated and domesticated in northern Jiangsu loquat tree base is-10 ~ 30℃, so it can be planted in areas without particularly cold weather. The flowering period of loquat is in late winter and early spring, and the low temperature in winter and spring will affect its flowering and fruiting. When the temperature is -6℃, it will cause freezing damage to flowers and young fruits at -3℃. Pollen begins to germinate above 10℃, and the most suitable temperature for pollen germination is about 20℃. However, when the air temperature or ground temperature is above 30℃, the growth of branches, leaves and roots is slow and poor. When the fruit meets the high temperature of 35℃ 7 ~ 15 days before picking, it is easy to cause sunburn injury and even lose its edible value. Loquat has low requirements on soil and wide adaptability. Generally, soil can grow and bear fruit, but loose soil with more sand or gravel grows better.

Where is the latest ripe loquat?

1, Jiefangzhong: a famous variety, which was bred in 1949. The fruit is very large, with an average of 61.04g. However, due to poor early fruit, it is easy to crack and scorch after four years of planting, especially the flavor is light and sour, and the quality is obviously not as good as that of Dawuxing. Longquanyi District in Chengdu was eliminated in the mid-1980s, and the origin of Fujian has basically stopped developing. The new loquat area can be moderately developed, but it is not suitable to blindly expand the production scale. 2. Luoyang Qing: a famous domestic variety. The average fruit weight is 32. G, its high yield performance is good. However, the fruit has large acidity, small fruit shape, poor appearance and poor commodity performance, which can be developed into processed varieties in a moderate amount, but it is not suitable for blind introduction in areas where fresh food is the mainstay. 3. Dahongpao: The fruit shape is too small to develop. 4. Dongting Loquat: The average fruit weight is 30.2 grams, which is light in taste, less sour and sweet, and the quality is poor, so it is not suitable to expand the planting scale. 5. Zaozhong 6: an early-maturing variety with an average fruit weight of 25-30g. However, the fruit is light and the price is average. The development of Fujian, the origin of the product, has stopped, and the new area can be developed in small quantities. 6. White jade: The quality is good, but the fruit is small, with an average fruit weight of 25-30 grams. After over-ripening, the flavor becomes weak and can be moderately developed. 7. Changhong No.3: The single fruit weighs 34.05g, and the fruit is light, and the tree is prone to premature aging, which is not suitable for large-scale development. ZaoWuxing, the king of early-maturing loquat, was bred by scientific and technical personnel in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, with an average fruit weight of 66 grams, which is very early. In Chengdu, it generally ripens around April 10, about 20 days earlier than Dawuxing, which is equivalent to Zaozhong 6, but the average fruit weight is obviously one or two grades higher than Zaozhong 6, and other characters are basically the same as Dawuxing. The number of seedlings of this variety is very small and very precious. The King of Late-maturing Loquat —— Late Five Stars (Red Lantern) was selected from the seedlings of Man Mei Village on 1987 by scientific and technical personnel in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, with the original number of 87- 1-8. 200 1 was identified by experts and named Red Lantern. But in Longquanyi District, most fruit farmers call this variety "Late Five Stars" or "Late Five Stars". This kind of tree has medium potential and upright posture. The leaves are large and dark green, and the surface of new leaves is densely covered with white fluff (one of the important characteristics of this variety). Flowering is very easy and the yield is very high. After the fruits were picked, the flowering rate of summer shoots in that year was over 80%, with 5- 10 fruits per ear. Generally, flowers and fruits are tried in the second year after planting and put into production in the third year. The average yield of five-year-old trees is 25 kg, and that of 1 1 annual trees is 75 kg. According to11average planting calculation, the average yield of five-year-old orchard is 2750 kg. The yield of Zaozhong No.6 orchard was 16 1% higher than that of the same age orchard, and 136.2% higher than that of the same age orchard. The fruit is oval or nearly round, extra large, with an average single fruit weight of 65.3 grams. The peel is orange-red, the fruit surface has no rust spots or very few, and the fruit powder is of medium thickness, bright and beautiful. The pulp is orange-red and extremely thick, with an average meat thickness of 1.2 1 cm. The meat is tender, juicy and sweet. Tested by the Central Laboratory of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the soluble solid content was 13.5% and the edible rate was 76%. This variety has strong drought resistance, and the spring drought is serious in most years in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, while the late five-star orchard planted in the barren mountain area of Longquan Mountain can get a bumper harvest every year. This variety did not find fruit cracking or falling before harvest, nor did it produce sunburn fruit without bagging. But if you don't bag it, the sunburn will be very serious. This variety is extremely late-maturing, usually starting to mature in early June, and the latest batch of fruits can be harvested in late June, which is 20 days later than that of Dawuxing, and more than 10 days later than that of Jiefangzhong, a famous late-maturing loquat variety, which is conducive to filling the market vacancy and the market price is 50- 100% higher than that of Dawuxing.

Late five-star loquat is one of the latest mature loquat varieties, which is currently in the early stage of development. Even in Longquanyi District of Chengdu, the current cultivated land area is less than 100 mu, and the production area is less than 50 mu. Huangwuxing, the latest improved variety, is newly bred. Its sweetness is slightly higher than that of Dawuxing, and its fruit calyx depression is smaller, and other characters are basically the same as Dawuxing. Dawuxing loquat, the king of loquat, is the latest variety bred by seedling selection in Longquanyi District of Chengdu, and it is an important achievement of loquat breeding since the founding of the People's Republic of China. This variety has the following characteristics: ① The fruit is large and the commodity performance is good. After fruit thinning, the average fruit weight was 8 1g, and the maximum fruit weight was 194g. It is the largest loquat variety in China at present, with five-star fruit surface and extremely beautiful appearance. It is obviously better than Jiefangzhong, Luoyang Qing and other famous varieties (the latest test on May 9, 200 1 year, after strict fruit thinning, the average fruit weight is 80.9 1g, and the maximum fruit weight is 206g in the orchard without fruit thinning, the average fruit weight is 66 g, and the maximum fruit weight is 173 g). (2) The tree has medium potential and good early fruiting performance, which is extremely ...

Can pipa trees bear fruit in the north?

Originated in the subtropical zone, it needs high temperature, and the average annual temperature is above 12℃ to grow normally. However, the average annual temperature of loquat trees cultivated and domesticated in northern Jiangsu is-10 ~ 30℃, which can be planted in areas without particularly cold weather. The flowering period of loquat is in late winter and early spring, and the low temperature in winter and spring will affect its flowering and fruiting. When the temperature is -6℃, it will cause freezing damage to flowers and young fruits at -3℃. Pollen begins to germinate above 10℃, and the most suitable temperature for pollen germination is about 20℃. However, when the air temperature or ground temperature is above 30℃, the growth of branches, leaves and roots is slow and poor. When the fruit meets the high temperature of 35℃ 7 ~ 15 days before picking, it is easy to cause sunburn injury and even lose its edible value. Loquat has low requirements on soil and wide adaptability. Generally, soil can grow and bear fruit, but loose soil with more sand or gravel grows better.

Loquat is different from most fruit trees. It blooms in autumn or early winter, and its fruit matures in spring to early summer, earlier than other fruits, so it is called "the only fruit tree with four seasons".

In most northern areas such as Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, there will be severe cold weather in winter. Unless it has been domesticated in Dafeng and Suqian Shuyang loquat bases in Yancheng, northern Jiangsu, it is not suitable for planting loquat trees. After excessive low temperature in northern Jiangsu, it was transplanted to the north, with excellent cold tolerance, high survival rate and basically no dead seedlings.

Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces. Widely cultivated in various places, Sichuan and Hubei have wild ones.