Appreciation of the translation of the whole poem "Jueju" (Du Fu)

Du Fu

Series: Complete Works of Ancient Poetry in Primary Schools

Quatrain

"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."

My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.

To annotate ...

Xiling: Xiling Snow Mountain.

Autumn snow: refers to the snow that does not melt for thousands of years in Xiling Snow Mountain.

Park: Park.

Wu Dong: the territory of ancient Wu.

Wan Li Ship: A ship not far from Wan Li.

translate

Two orioles are singing in the air,

A line of egrets is flying in the sky.

You can see the snow of Xiling for thousands of years from the window.

Ships from Wan Li, Wu Dong, are anchored at the gate.

Creation background

In 762 AD, at the height of the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu Yin entered Korea. At that time, due to the "Anshi Rebellion", Du Fu once avoided Zizhou. In the second year, the rebellion was put down and Yanwu returned to Chengdu. Du Fu also returned to Chengdu Caotang. At that time, he was in a good mood Faced with the vitality of this school, he couldn't help writing this poem.

"Jueju" is the title of a poem, which does not directly indicate the content of the poem. This form is convenient for writing a scene and an object to express the author's immediate feelings. The accidental sight of the poet triggered an inner * * *, and the writer wrote down the poet's own feelings. For a while, he did not plan the topic, and for a while he used the rhyme "quatrains" as the topic. Du Fu wrote a group of poems in this form, including four poems, with "quatrains" as the general topic. Two orioles singing green willows are one of them.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem depicts four independent landscapes and creates a vibrant picture. The poet was intoxicated with it, looking at the ships from Soochow, unconsciously evoking homesickness, and his meticulous inner activities naturally showed up.

Poetry cuts in with vibrant natural beauty, creating a fresh and relaxed atmosphere. In these two sentences, the poet implicitly described this beautiful scenery from different angles. Cui is new green, which is the color when everything recovers and germinates in early spring. With "singing", the sound of orioles gives people a crisp and pleasant feeling. In the early spring, pairs of orioles sang on the budding willow branches, forming a vivid picture full of festive atmosphere. The oriole singing on the willow is the vitality that moves silently. The next sentence is about the vitality of nature with more obvious dynamic trend: Wan Li is clear and egrets fly in this fresh sky, which is not only a kind of freedom and comfort, but also an upward struggle. The word "Shang" here is ingenious. These two sentences, with "yellow" lining "Cui" and "white" lining "Qing", are bright in color and full of vitality in early spring. The first two sentences also describe the cry of an oriole. The poet described this vibrant and colorful image of early spring from two angles of vision and hearing, and this colorful technique also added vitality to poetry. Furthermore, the first sentence says that the oriole sings on the willow, and the next sentence says that the egrets fly to the sky, which broadens the space a lot. From bottom to top, from near to far, the poet's tangible vitality fills the whole environment and shows the prosperity of early spring from another angle.

In the third sentence, "The window contains autumn snow in Xiling", the poet looks out of the window, because the air is fresh and the sun is shining in early spring, and he can see the snow-capped mountains in Xiling. The last two sentences have pointed out that it is early spring, and the autumn snow in winter wants to melt, giving readers a moist feeling. There is a word "containing" between "window" and "snow" in this sentence, which shows that when the first snow melts, moisture wets the frozen window lattice in winter, which can better write the poet's feelings about the vitality with moisture in early spring. "Xiling" means that when the poet saw the first melting snow and ice in front of the window, he thought of Xiling near the thatched cottage and the perennial snow on Xiling Mountain, and replaced the residual snow on the window with the snow on Xiling Mountain, which made the artistic conception more extensive. This is the way poets look at things and express their feelings. In addition, the poet has the ambition to serve the country since he was a teenager. After decades of obstacles, he finally had the opportunity to re-exhibit, and the years of war were put down. This is the same as the poet's thought of Xiling when he saw the melting snow in front of the window, and replaced the residual snow on the window with the Millennium snow on the ridge, thus giving the poet a stubborn sense of melting snow. But at the same time, the poet used this feeling to explain a difficulty from another angle: freezing for three feet was not built in a day, and it is even more difficult to melt the Millennium snow. Therefore, the poet has deeper worries in that faint hope. So this sentence is not only a description of the snow in front of the window, but also has a deeper meaning. This observation of the scenery is actually implied as early as one or two sentences. The number of "two" and "one line" is clear. Careful observation is not because of the relaxed and happy heart, but because the poet wants to get rid of the melancholy and boring mood that has been idle for a long time. This is the same as the observation of scenery in Qujiang, "A fish comes out in the drizzle, a swallow inclines in the breeze" and "A butterfly is seen in a flower, and a dragonfly flies slowly with the water", which also shows the boredom in the heart with fresh and free scenes.

The last sentence further described Du Fu's complicated mood at that time. When the ship came from "Dongwu", this sentence indicates that the war will be settled, the traffic will be restored, and the poet will miss his hometown when he sees things. The use of the word "berth" has its profound meaning. Berth means "can't stay", which is exactly what Du Fu used. Du Fu has been wandering for many years without landing. Although there is still a little hope in his heart, that hope has been greatly reduced. He should know that it is difficult to realize the ideal of "paying tribute to the monarch and then purifying the customs". In addition, before Yanwu recommended him to the court, he had just finished his exile. Although he had hope for the court, he felt extremely desperate. The word "Bo" just describes the poet's complex mood between hope and disappointment. Wan Li, on the other hand, implies the difficulty of achieving the goal, which is juxtaposed with the word "Qian Qiu" in the third sentence, and describes the difficulty of achieving the goal in time and space to show that there is little hope. This is the first meaning. Second, the Wu Dong ship moored in front of the door did not come from Wu Dong, but went to Wu Dong. Dongwu is a symbol of Du Fu's hope. Don't say Chang 'an frankly, but say "Wu Dong", because the distance between Chengdu and Wu Dong and the difficulty of the path imply that his ambition is difficult to display; In addition, Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms has been praised by many scholars as the wise master since ancient times, and mentioning Sun Quan instead not only implies Du Fu's hope for the emperors of the dynasty, but also is the place where his ambition of "ruling Yao and Shun" resides. The combination of "Bo", "Wan Li" and "Dongwu Ship" is precisely to write the word "Nan". The first pair of a poem is a set of antitheses. There are many willows around the thatched cottage, and there are a pair of orioles singing on the new green willow branches, which is a cheerful scene and colorful, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception. "Cui" is new green, "Liu Cui" is early spring phenology, and willow branches have just sprouted. "Two orioles sing green willows", and a hundred birds are paired, showing a kind of vitality and a kind of festive meaning. Egrets in the blue sky are flying freely. This long-legged bird flies gracefully and naturally. The sky in Wan Li is as clear as blue, and the egrets are very colorful against the "blue sky". The four bright colors of "yellow", "emerald", "white" and "cyan" are used one after another in the two sentences, weaving a gorgeous picture; The first sentence is also described by voice, which conveys extremely cheerful feelings.

The second couplet of poetry is also composed of antitheses. Looking at the snow ridge in the western hills from the window. The snow on the mountain doesn't melt all the year round, so there are "1000 autumn snows". Snow-capped mountains can't be seen when the weather is bad, and they can only be seen clearly when the air is clear. With the word "containing", this scene seems to be a picture embedded in a window frame, just around the corner. Seeing such a rare beauty, the poet's mood is self-evident. If you look out of the door, you can see ships moored on the river bank. River boats are common, but the word "Wan Li boat" is meaningful. Because they are from Wu Dong. When people think that these ships are about to sail, along the Minjiang River, through the Three Gorges and directly to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, they will feel very unusual. Because of years of war, land and water traffic was blocked by the war, and ships could not sail smoothly in Wan Li. When the war ended and the traffic resumed, the poet could "start my home on a green spring day" only when he saw a ship from Wu Dong. Why not make people happy? Compared with A Thousand Autumn Snow, Wan Li Ship has a wide space and a long time. Poets in the thatched cottage, thinking for thousands of years, see through Wan Li, how broad-minded!

The whole poem looks like a scene, four independent pictures. It is the poet's inner feelings that consistently make it a unified artistic conception. At first, he showed the spring scenery of the thatched cottage, and the poet's mood was Tao Ran. However, with the wandering of sight and the change of scenery, the appearance of river boats touched his homesickness. Jing Yu's four sentences fully show the poet's complicated and meticulous inner thoughts.

This quatrain is a scene, but it is integrated, and it is the poet's inner state of mind that plays a connecting role. On the surface, it is a vibrant picture, but in the cheerful and bright scene, it entrusts the poet with the loss of time, loneliness and boredom, and also writes the poet's complex mood when there is a glimmer of hope. Beyond that kind of hope, there are more poets' sadness about disappointment, ignorance and hesitation about whether hope can be realized. It is the theme of this poem to pin the poet's complicated feelings on the fresh and brisk scenery.