The story of Lu Xiufu. Make it short and clear.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the prime minister threw himself into the sea with his young emperor.

Lu Xiufu was born in Duanping for three years (1236) and died in Xiangxing for two years (1279). Born in Yancheng, Chuzhou (now Jianhu, Jiangsu), he moved to Jingkou, Jiangnan (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) with his parents at the age of three. He has been very clever since he was a child. He studied in a rural school and was often praised by his teacher: "This is Lu Xiufu."

Among hundreds of children, Xiufu is the only one who is different. "A little longer, I like reading books about patriotism for the people, and my thinking is becoming more and more agile. At the age of seven, he was able to write poetry: at the age of 19, he was a scholar in the exam, and he was on the same list as Wen Tianxiang, leaving an epigram handed down from generation to generation: "You have never died in your life, so be careful to shine. "Li Tingzhi, commander-in-chief of Huainan at that time, was famous for recruiting talented people. When he learned that Xiufu was young and promising, he was hired to serve in his shogunate. Huainan was a place where talented people gathered in the world at that time, and was known as the "small court", so Lu Xiufu was like a duck to water here. Few people can match Lu Xiufu's clever mind, but he is not proud of it. He is quiet and doesn't like publicity. Whenever those officials come to visit and the two sides talk happily, Lu Xiufu is the only one who is silent. Sometimes there is a banquet and wine at home, and Lu Xiufu sits at the table, reserved and solemn. Without saying a word, people think he is eccentric and inaccessible, so few people get along with him. However, Lu Xiufu's shrewdness, steadiness and ability won the appreciation and respect of Li Tingzhi. Even if the official position is promoted, you are not allowed to leave. In this way, Xiufu's position in the imperial court became higher and higher until he was in charge of the appropriate writing. In the first year of Deyou (1275), the military and horses of the Yuan Dynasty attacked the Southern Song Dynasty on a large scale, and the situation in the Huai and Huai regions became more urgent. Lee's shogunate fell apart and his aides resigned, but Lu Xiufu was fearless in the face of difficulties and regarded Li Tingzhi as dead. Li Tingzhi was deeply moved by his valuable character and thought he was a rare and loyal person. I reluctantly gave up my love and recommended him as a mainstay to the imperial court, the official assistant minister of rites. At this time, the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty was even worse. At that time, the Yuan Army was led by Lu, a rebel in the Song Dynasty, down the river. The generals along the Yangtze River are all Lu's songs. They hope the wind will fall. For example, Jiangzhou Zhifu Qian and Anqing Zhifu Fan successively entered the city to surrender. Jia Sidao, who had been afraid to go to war, was forced to go to war by himself because of the situation. Although he came to Wuhu, he didn't want to fight, but dreamed of peace. If you can't make peace, you must run away. Jia Sidao sent Sun Huchen to lead more than 70,000 infantry, including a full-length portrait of Lu Xiufu.

[1] stationed in Dingjiazhou, Xia Gui crossed the river with 2500 warships, and Jia Sidao personally led the rear troops to camp in Lugang, southwest of Wuhu. When the two sides were at war, Sun Huchen's qualifications and prestige were not enough to convince the public, so the attack on the Yuan Army did not strike back at all, and it soon became chaotic; In ruins. Jia Shidao more panic, Song Jun from beginning to end. Song Jun was killed and drowned when the Yuan army chased him. The water was dyed red with blood, and all military equipment was acquired by the Yuan Army. The fiasco of Dingjiazhou and Lugang made Song Jun's main force suffer heavy losses. Jia Sidao just started his career, and the DPRK was dominated by his confidants Wang Entropy and Chen. Although Lu Xiufu wrote many times, delivered a declamatory speech, and requested to go to the front to organize anti-Yuan, all of them were rejected. Unfortunately, Lu Xiufu had an empty ambition to serve the country, but he was blocked by traitors and could not display it. In March of this year, Bo Yan led the Yuan Army into Jiankang, threatening Lin 'an. When he heard about Lu Xiufu and other loyal ministers, he couldn't help admiring: "There were such loyal ministers in the Song Dynasty, but I didn't know how to reuse them. If I reuse them, will I still be here? " After the defeat of the Battle of Lugang, Jia Sidao was dismissed from office and died in Mumian Temple in Zhangzhou, Fujian in September of that year. However, the fate of the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty is now irreversible. When the Yuan army approached Lin 'an, the Southern Song court immediately fell into extreme chaos. As timid as a mouse, civilian commanders are always in a state of fear, jittery and anticlimactic. Liu, the left prime minister who was afraid of death, took the lead in abandoning his official position and fleeing. Six officials (officials, households, rituals, soldiers, criminals and workers) followed suit and left their hometowns. Privy Council officials in charge of military aircraft and border defense affairs, such as Wen Wo-weng and Nip, were afraid of being branded as chicken out, so they colluded with the supervisory organs and begged the suggestion to shirk the excuse of robbing bullets to dismiss them. However, they were afraid of the court's mercy to retain them, and often fled the capital without waiting for the book to be played. A few days later, there was a wind of "hanging the crown", and the Zhao Dynasty suddenly became "less and less horses and chariots in front of the door". Even when the emperor summoned the minister and ordered him to take over as Prime Minister Zuo, there were only six civil servants present.

Ambition is hard to stretch.

Xie Daoqing, the 72-year-old Regent's mother, was guarding Zhao Xian, the five-year-old Song Gongzong. Facing the unstable political situation, she is very worried. Helpless orphans and widows finally came up with countermeasures. In the name of the Xie family, she posted an imperial edict on the court to the effect that: "The Great Song Dynasty has won the world for more than 300 years and has always been kind to the intellectuals. Now I'm in trouble with the young emperor, and all the officials have turned a blind eye. No one has the wisdom to save the country. " When the assistant minister of the DPRK neglected his duty, the city guard abandoned the seal and threw it into the market to remonstrate, and changed Lu Xiufu's inscription.

The Prime Minister's poor governance allowed the hooligans to escape from inside at night. You claim to read sage books and understand things on weekdays, but you have made such a contemptuous scandal at a time when this country is in trouble. How can you be alive? After death, what qualifications do you have to meet the first emperor! The national law of the Song Dynasty has not changed, but it still exists. From now on, all civil and military officials who fulfill their duties will be promoted to two levels: if they abandon their officials in the face of difficulties, the censor will investigate and punish them severely. Empress Dowager Tai, who has always been arrogant and resourceful, came to China, and when there was nothing she could do, it was inevitable that she would call heaven and earth. Whether she lured officials with high salaries or threatened with torture, it didn't help to tell the ministers who had turned their backs on Germany. The imperial edict, which once made ministers respect each other, has now become an original, stuck on the wall of the imperial court and eroded by wind and rain. The Empress Dowager Tai, who was trapped in internal and external difficulties, was frightened by the threat of force from the Yuan army, which was overwhelmed by Mount Tai. Finally, she agreed with the right-hand Prime Minister Chen to take the road of negotiation and begging for surrender. She first sent Liu Yue and other three people to Bo Yan camp, and offered to call my nephew or grandnephew and accept the humiliating conditions of money, demanding a truce and peace in the Yuan Dynasty. Bo Yan immediately refused. Later, he sent Liu, a military supervisor, to the camp to "serve" and promised to pay 252,000 silver and 250,000 silk horses every year, hoping to exchange this heavy price for the only corner of the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court. Bo Yan refused to give in, but insisted that the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty personally come forward to demand surrender. When the news came back to Lin 'an, Chen was afraid of being detained by the Yuan Army, sent to Dadu (Beijing) in the north, and fled to Wenzhou overnight, thus breaking the contract in the Southern Song Dynasty. Bo Yan was furious and ordered the Yuan Army to enter Gaoting Mountain, three miles outside Lin 'an, as a warning. Empress Dowager Tai appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty to make peace with Bo Yan. But Wen Tianxiang was detained by Bo Yan. Empress Dowager Tai is helpless. She used the name of the little emperor Zhao Xian to "pay homage" to Yuan, automatically cut off the name of the emperor, renamed it "Lord of the country", and sent Yang Yingkui, the supervisor of the army, to the camp with the imperial edict of the Song Dynasty to hand over all the remaining rivers and mountains. Declare the complete end of the partial security situation in Jiangnan in the Southern Song Dynasty. Before the Yuan Army entered Lin 'an, the stormy court of the Southern Song Dynasty hastily appointed Zhao Min, the seven-year-old king of Kyrgyzstan, as the beneficial king and appointed him as the judge of Fuzhou. At the same time, Zhao Min, a four-year-old letter king, was appointed as Wang Guang and ordered to be sentenced to Quanzhou. When Lin 'an was about to fall, the two kings left the capital and, under the escort of Yang Zhen, a captain of Xu, went to Wenzhou via Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). Bo Yan, who wanted to uproot the Song Dynasty, sent troops to recover it, but failed.

Firm and unyielding

After the fall of Lin 'an, some civil servants and military commanders in the Southern Song Dynasty who didn't want to submit to humiliation learned that wangyi and Wang Guang had arrived in Wenzhou, and they all went to defect with the feeling of making a comeback. At that time, Lu Xiufu came to Wenzhou. Subsequently, a water army led by Zhang Shijie also set sail. The flight of Chen's fleet happened to be parked at the Youth Olympic Games near Wenzhou. As a result, this group of important officials in the Song Dynasty are now gathered under the authority of two kings. Lu Xiufu, Chen, Zhang and others, after consultation, unanimously advocated rebuilding the imperial court and recreating Gankun. Then they held a bust of Lu Xiufu in Jiangxin Temple in Wenzhou.

[2] Wang is the world's military marshal and deputy marshal. At the same time, a campaign was issued, indicating that loyal officials and righteous people everywhere are eager to work hard and restore the old things. At this time, Empress Dowager Tai, who had become a prisoner, sent two eunuchs to lead hundreds of soldiers to Wenzhou to prepare for the return of the two kings to Lin 'an to lower the Yuan. Lu Xiufu and others refused to return, so they supported the two kings to go to sea and came to Fuzhou. In the second year of Deyou (1276), on the first day of May, Zhao Yun officially ascended the throne in Fuzhou and changed to Jingyan. At the same time, his brother Zhao Min was named Wang Wei, and his mother Yang was the Empress Dowager. And formed a cabinet headed by Chen, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, rallied and rallied. For the Southern Song Dynasty, the establishment of Fuzhou regime is the hope of its revival, but the hope is very slim. In the imperial court, although there were loyal ministers like Lu Xiufu who tried their best to save the situation, there were more immoral and incompetent people like Chen. At that time, the Fuzhou regime was called "going to the DPRK by sea" and it was just an exiled government. At the beginning of the establishment of this regime, ministers and servants could still work together, but conflicts soon occurred. Yang Liangjie, a consort, pretends to be a national uncle and "holds power in the palm". Zhang Shijie and Chen disagree; Wen Tianxiang was also excluded from the court because of his disagreement with Chen; Su Lieyi was suppressed and depressed; Lu Xiufu is even more ambitious, difficult to stretch, and is squeezed out by Chen everywhere. At first, Chen thought that Lu Xiufu "had been in the army for a long time and knew the military" and attached great importance to him. And Lu Xiufu "also praised carefully, all committed suicide". But soon, Lu Xiufu and Chen disagreed, and Chen instructed the remonstrator in Taiwan Province to impeach Lu Xiufu and dismiss him. Zhang Shijie was very dissatisfied when he learned about it. He said to Chen, "What time is it? Do you always fire people? " Chen recalled Lu Xiufu as a last resort. But it can be seen that it is impossible for Zhao Min to exile the imperial court. 1 1 month, the yuan army attacked Fuzhou, Zhang Shijie led170,000 loyalists and 300,000 militiamen escorted the little emperors Zhao Min and Zhao Min into the sea and sailed for Quanzhou. At that time, the most powerful person in Quanzhou was Pu Shougeng, a wealthy Arab businessman. This person lived in China for many years, and also obtained the position of ambassador of the Song Dynasty (responsible for inspecting foreign ships entering and leaving the port, collecting customs duties, purchasing imperial monopoly goods and managing foreign businessmen, etc.). He controls a large number of seagoing ships, monopolizes local maritime trade, bullies the market and makes illegal windfalls. After Duanzong and his party broke down in Quanzhou, Zhang Shijie, eager to expand the imperial power, ordered the seizure of Pu Shougeng's ships and assets, which angered Pu Shougeng, who was plotting to reduce the yuan, and accelerated his anti-Song movement. Because the DPRK was unable to entangle with it, it had to leave Quanzhou and go to Jiazimen, Huizhou (now Haifeng East Haikou, Guangdong) via Chaozhou. In September of the second year of Jingyan (1277), she moved to Repulse Bay (now Nanhai Island, Raoping, Guangdong). Lu Xiufu resumed signing books for the Privy Council, and Empress Yang listened to politics. When talking to his ministers, I still call myself a slave. Every season, when Lu Xiufu attended the court meeting, he was "just like standing up straight, just like ruling the court". Sometimes in court meetings, Xiufu would burst into tears and wipe his tears with his clothes, which made the ministers very sad. However, the Song Dynasty was still dying step by step. Although Wen Tianxiang, Li Fei and others fought extremely hard in the local area, most of them did nothing because of their own weakness.

Try your best to restrain the surging tide ―― try your best to save the desperate situation.

Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu learned that the "maritime court" in the Southern Song Dynasty was not destroyed, and it still haunts the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong. He immediately ordered the fight against Chu, Hengli and Lu Shifang. To cross Yuling, I am busy with Wutai, Suodu, Pu Shougeng and Liu Shen. , and led the sailors into the sea, take a two-pronged approach to suppress the south. In November, Liu Shen attacked Repulse Bay, and Zhang Shijie confronted the little emperor Lu Xiufu.

Unfavorable, so under the escort of Lu Xiufu, he went to Beijing (now an island in Zhongshan, Guangdong, Nanhai). Seeing the tense situation, Chen Zhongyi fled and took the city (an ancient country name in today's Vietnam). /kloc-in October/February, a hurricane hit Beijing-Austria, and it rained heavily. The mast broke, the boat capsized and more than half of the soldiers drowned. Although Zhao Yun's dragon boat and ministers' boats survived, they were also in danger, which made young Zhao Yun sick with fear. After the hurricane, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu were busy leading the troops to clean up the mess, and Liu Shen took advantage of the gap to command the navy to chase after them, so the Korean army was forced to move hastily to Xie Nv Gorge outside the Pearl River Estuary. In March of the third year of Jingyan (1278), after more than 100 days of sea turbulence, she finally found her resting place-Zhougang (now an island in the southeast sea off leizhou bay, Guangdong). However, there was another storm on the flat ground. Zhao Yun, who was only ten years old, died suddenly in April and the name of the temple was terminated. In the eyes of some officers and men, this is an ominous sign that the life of the "maritime court" has run out. In order to avoid mutually assured destruction, they demanded to find their own way to survive. At this critical juncture, Lu Xiufu stepped forward with great righteousness and encouraged the people: "Duanzong is dead, but Wang Wei is still here. At that time, Shao Kang had 500 troops and 10 miles of Fiona Fang, which could revive the Xia Dynasty. Can't our civil and military officials rely on hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians to revive the foundation of the Song Dynasty for 300 years? " Inspired by the spirit of ZTE advocated by Lu Xiufu, ministers were filled with emotion and expressed their determination to revive the Da Song Dynasty. Then, Lu Xiufu discussed with ministers that Wang Wei and Zhao Min should be the emperor and Empress Yang should be in charge. In May, it will be Yuan Xiangxing. Lu Xiufu was in this crisis, and was ordered to take over as Prime Minister Zuo, and Zhang Shijie saved the day. In June, in the army, despite my tight schedule, I moved my trip to Guoshan.

The mountain of failure

In today's Caspian Sea in the south of Xinhui, Guangdong Province, compared with Kistler Mountain, it is like two gates, with turbulent tides around it and difficult navigation. It is a natural fortress that can be adhered to according to risks, so it was selected by the visiting dynasty. After the fleet landed, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu immediately sent people into the mountains to cut down trees, and built 30 palaces and 3 dry rooms on the island for the monarch and his subjects to live in. The remaining 200,000 infantry continue to live on the ship. In order to meet the expected life-and-death struggle, army craftsmen were asked to build ships and capture weapons. Lu Xiufu's head

[3] Just at this time, Yuan reported back to Zhang Hongfan to Kublai Khan, saying: "Zhang Shijie re-established Zhao Min as emperor, and the people of Fujian and Guangxi rose up and responded. If it is not destroyed in time, it will inevitably lead to great disaster. " Kublai Khan was deeply impressed by this, and immediately appointed Zhang Hongfan as the marshal, and gave him the sword above, making him go all out to suppress it. Zhang Hongfan recommended Hengli as the deputy governor, and sent 20,000 sailors and marines to Yangzhou. 10, Zhang Hongfan led sailors to attack Zhangzhou, Chaoshan and Huizhou by sea, and set out from Meiling to attack Guangzhou with constant force, trying to narrow and cut off the connection between the coastal land and the "maritime court" in Southern Song Dynasty. In the first month of the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Zhang Hongfan led a boat division to attack Mount Li. At this moment, someone entered the palace in Zhang Shijie: "The Yuan Army has blocked Haikou with warships, which puts me in a dilemma. It is better to break through as soon as possible and choose another way to land. Even if you can't win, there is still room for manoeuvre and you can still lead the troops to the west. " Zhang Shijie knew that foot soldiers had lived at sea for a long time, the war was hard and the morale was floating. Once it lands, it will inevitably fall apart, so he replied, "When will our army retreat after fighting at sea for so many years? It is better to take this opportunity to compete with the Yuan Army. " Then resolutely ordered the burning of the palace and military residence on the island, and everyone boarded the ship again. Then facing the mountains and seas, the dry combat ships were connected into a long snake array with thick ropes, and cupboards were built around them like city walls, and Zhao Min's ships were placed in the middle to show the survival of soldiers and ships. The mountains are shallow in the north, and big ships are very easy to hit the rocks. So Zhang Hongfan transferred his shipmaster to the depths of the South China Sea to fight with Zhang Shijie's water army, and cut off the passage of fresh water to North Korea. Zhang Hongfan found that Song Jun warships were assembled and it was inconvenient to cruise, so he used several canoes, filled with ointment and firewood, and set fire to the camp in an attempt to win in one fell swoop. I never thought that Zhang Shijie was ready. He painted mud on the boat in advance, and the well was tied with long wooden strips and extended forward, making it impossible for the Yuan army's fireboat to enter and the fire attack failed. In desperation, Zhang Hongfan sent more sailors to besiege Haikou, which caused Song Jun to eat dry food for more than ten days and quench its thirst with seawater. He was exhausted and fell ill one after another. At this point, Hengli led the troops from Guangzhou to meet Zhang Hongfan in Jianshan, and Zhang Hongfan ordered him to control the sea surface in the north of Jianshan, preparing for a north-south attack.

Unable to save the overall situation

At the dawn of the sixth day of February, the sky was covered with dark clouds, the wind roared and the tsunami was terrible. The Yuan Army chose such a bad weather to launch a general attack, just to crush the exhausted Song Jun mentally. Before the war, Zhang Hongfan divided the elite of Yuan Army into four roads, all led by himself. When deploying the attack route to the general school, he said: "Song warships are anchored in the west of the mountain, and will inevitably drift eastward after the high tide. Our army should seize this favorable day to launch a storm. Sailors of all walks of life take the handsome boat and drum music as the number, and they can't make mistakes when they hear the wind. People who violate the order are embarrassed! " Subsequently, Hengli led a boat division all the way, taking advantage of the early tide and low tide, the water flowed from north to south, and tentatively attacked the downstream Song Jun to expose the strength of Song Jun. Zhang Shijie led his troops to fight bravely, and the two sides fought constantly. After several contests, the outcome is regardless. At noon, the tide rose and the Song Jun really moved eastward. When Zhang Hongfan saw that the time had come, he ordered the handsome ship to drum; Zhang Shijie didn't know that this was a signal that the Yuan Army was attacking again, and he mistakenly thought that the officers and men of the enemy ships were drinking and having fun in the battle and were unprepared. Unexpectedly, the Yuan army rushed from the north and south sides at the same time in the sound of drums, forcing Song Jun to be caught between Scylla and Charybdis and meet them quickly. Due to years of hard work at sea, Song Jun could not rest, and most of his infantry were exhausted. Suddenly, I was attacked sharply, and my morale was hard to lift. If one link collapses at this time, the whole line of defense will collapse. It was in this decisive battle that affected the fate of the Southern Song Dynasty that unfortunate things finally happened. Under the storm of the Yuan navy, the masthead rope of a warship in the fleet suddenly broke, and in an instant, the flags of several warships also landed one after another. Zhang Shijie saw that the flag had fallen and the tide had gone. He hurriedly mobilized Qin Bing to cut off the ship's cable and prepare to fight our way out lightly, deus ex.

Throw a negative emperor into the sea.

Near dusk, the wind and rain are blowing hard and the scenery is difficult to distinguish. Zhang Shijie took advantage of the chaos at sea to let people drive canoes to the young emperor Zhao Min's boat to pick him out of danger, so as to find a safe transfer. Lu Xiufu, who had been observing the situation on the boat, knew that it was too late. He was afraid that the spies would take the opportunity to take credit from the sellers of the Yuan Army, and he was worried that the canoe would be difficult to avoid the ships dotted by the Yuan Army, which led to the capture or death of the emperor at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he flatly refused the request of the newcomer. But he also knew that Zhao Min's ship was very heavy, and it was difficult to sail because it was tied to other ships. Lu Xiufu estimated that he could no longer protect Zhao Min, so he decided to die. Dressed in royal robes, he first held a sword and urged his wife to throw herself into the sea. Then he persuaded Zhao Min: "The state affairs have been a complete failure so far, and Your Majesty should die for his country. Never repeat the mistakes of Emperor Deyou. Emperor Deyou was humiliated in most places, and your majesty must not be humiliated by others. " After that, he carried eight-year-old Zhao Min on his back, tied him tightly with a plain white ribbon, and then walked to the string step by step. He and his young master set foot on the last mile from Lin 'an to the mountain, and the vast sea was full of water and sky ... Queen Yang was heartbroken when she heard that her son Zhao Min had died, and immediately jumped into the sea and committed suicide. After that, at least1000000 imperial court ministers and harem wives jumped into the sea and died.

Die a glorious death

Zhang Shijie didn't see Zhao Min's canoe return for a long time, knowing that he had run away, so he broke through decisively and went all the way under the night. A few days later, many soldiers who had survived gathered around Zhang Shijie's boat and anchored at the foot of Hailing Mountain in Nan 'en (now Yangjiang, Guangdong). Some of them brought Zhang Shijie the bad news that Lu Xiufu and Zhao Min were martyred together. Zhang Shijie was devastated. Then, the hurricane came again. The officers and men on board advised him to go ashore for temporary shelter. Zhang Shijie replied in despair, "It's no use. Or share weal and woe with you! " Then, with heavy steps, he climbed up the rudder building with difficulty, looked down painfully at the sunken ship in Song Jun, burned incense and prayed to God, saying, "I have done my best for the survival of Zhao Jiangshan. A monarch died, and now he is dead, and there is no monarch in DaSong. I didn't die in Jianshan, but I hoped that the Yuan army would retreat, set up another monarch and recover the Song Dynasty. However, the development of state affairs is so disappointing. Is this an act of God? " When Zhang Shijie said this, he suddenly fell into the sea, and the rolling waves accepted a generation of Yingjie ... The Battle of Kameyama ended in the complete failure of Song Jun, which marked the final collapse of the government in exile and declared the final demise of the Song Dynasty, which lasted for 320 years. After the Battle of Kameyama, Zhang Hongfan was complacent and sent someone to carve the words "Zhang Hongfan, the general of Zhenguo, destroyed the Song Dynasty here" on the stone wall in the north of Kameyama, hoping to make great achievements.