Poetry appreciation

willow

He zhangzhi

Jasper dressed up as a tree,

Ten thousand tapestries covered with green silk,

I don't know who cut off the thin leaves,

The spring breeze in February is like scissors.

[Notes]

1. Jasper: Jade with bright green color. Here is a metaphor for the bright green willow leaves in spring.

2. Make-up: Decorate and dress up.

3. Silk tapestry: Ribbon woven with silk thread. What is described here is the willow branches fluttering in the wind.

[Brief analysis]

This is an object-chanting poem, which expresses the poet's infinite love for spring by praising willow trees.

The first three sentences of this poem are all about willows. The first sentence "Jasper makes the tree high" refers to the whole, saying that the high willow is made of Jasper. Use "Jasper" to describe the green crystal of willow and highlight its color beauty. The second sentence, "A tapestry of ten thousand strands of moss hangs down", is about willow branches, saying that drooping willow branches are like ten thousand ribbons, highlighting their gentle beauty. The third sentence "I don't know who cut the thin leaves" is to write willow leaves, highlighting the delicate and delicate modeling beauty of willow leaves. The three poems are divided into different parts, and each sentence has its own characteristics. The third sentence and the fourth sentence constitute rhetorical questions. "I wonder who cut the thin leaves?" -ask yourself; "The spring breeze in February is like scissors." -self-answer. This question and answer, from willow cleverness to spring breeze. It is said that cutting out these delicate willow leaves can certainly cut out bright green and bright red flowers and plants. It symbolizes the vitality of nature and the creativity of spring. This poem eulogizes the infinite creativity of spring by praising the willow tree.

About the author: He (659-744) was born in Yongxing, Yuezhou (now Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang Province). Poets in Tang Dynasty.

Spring Morning

meng haoran

In the spring morning, I woke up easily.

Birds are singing everywhere around me.

But now I remember that night, that storm,

I wonder how many flowers have been broken.

[Notes]

1. Xiao Chun: Spring morning.

2. Dawn: Dawn.

3. Unconsciously knowing: Unconsciously knowing.

4.smell: listen.

5. Bird sniffing: I hear birds chirping.

[Brief analysis]

This poem depicts a beautiful picture of a spring morning and expresses the poet's good mood of loving and cherishing spring.

The first sentence, "I woke up easily on this morning in spring", the first word pointed out the season and wrote the sweetness of spring sleep. "Unconsciousness" is vague unconsciousness. On this warm spring night, the poet slept so soundly that the sunshine came to the window and the sweet dream woke up. This sentence reveals the poet's joy in loving spring. The second sentence "Birds are singing everywhere around me" is about the scenery in spring. Birds sing in the spring morning. "Everywhere" means everywhere. Birds are noisy in the branches, which is a vibrant scene. "Smelling birds" means "smelling birds". In order to rhyme, the word order of ancient poems has been properly adjusted. Spring came, I slept soundly, and before I knew it, it was dawn. When I woke up, I only heard birds singing everywhere. The third and fourth sentences, "Now I remember that night, that storm, and I don't know how many flowers were folded." The poet recalled the drizzling spring rain last night, and then associated it with the scene that spring flowers were beaten everywhere by the wind and rain. The poet pinned his feelings of loving and cherishing spring on the sigh of falling flowers. Cherish spring is also love spring, and joy is the keynote of the whole poem.

This poem is about spring scenery, not what you see, but what you hear and think. The poet writes his own auditory feelings, and then the reader appreciates and reproduces the artistic conception described by the poet. Smart and interesting.

About the author: Meng Haoran (689-740) was born in Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Hubei). Poets in Tang Dynasty. His pastoral poems are very famous.

Spend the night on Jiande River.

meng haoran

When my boat was moored in the fog,

As the sun fades, old memories begin.

How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven,

How clear the moon is on the water! .

[Notes]

1. Jiande River: refers to the section of Xin 'an River that flows through Jiande County (now Zhejiang).

2. berthing: stop the ship and dock.

3. Yanzhu: refers to a small sand state shrouded in fog in the river.

[Brief analysis]

This poem describes the night view of the river and shows the poet's travel worries.

Starting from the sentence "when my boat is moving in the fog", "moving the boat" means moving the boat; "Parking" refers to overnight parking; "Yanzhu", a hazy small continent. This sentence points to the theme and introduces the poet's foothold in appreciating the scenery. In the second sentence, "Sunset" means dusk, and "worrying about new guests" means that the poet is in a foreign land, which only increases his sorrow. This sentence describes the poet's mood of enjoying the scenery.

The third sentence is about the prospect of the river. "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven", the poet stood at the bow of the boat, looking as far as he could, and the sky in the middle and far of the wilderness was lower than the nearby Woods. The fourth sentence is a close-up of the river. "How close the moon looks in the water!" The river is clear and the moon reflected in the river seems to be closer to the poet on board. This special sight can only be enjoyed on the boat. In this very successful comparative description, the poet's subtle sadness is shown.

The first two sentences of this poem are touching scenes, and the last two sentences are lyrical. The whole poem is light, tasty and chewy. Meng Haoran is a representative figure of landscape poetry school in Tang Dynasty. It is said that once, he went to Chang 'an to attend a literati poetry meeting. He improvised poems and wrote two good poems, "Wei Yun is a faint river, raindrops are scattered on the buttonwood" (thin clouds are lightly rubbed on the Milky Way, and sparse raindrops are dripping among the buttonwood leaves). Everyone was so impressed that they stopped writing poems.

[Appreciation]

This is a poem expressing the sadness of the journey. In the first two sentences, the poet's boat was moored at the edge of a smoky sandbar. When he saw the sunset, a new period of travel sadness was born. In the poet's eyes, Yuan Ye is vast and empty, and the distant sky seems to be lower than the trees, which makes the mood even more depressed. Only the bright moon reflected in the clear river seems to be approaching people actively, bringing some comfort. "How wide the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water!" It is a famous sentence that has been circulated for a long time, which vividly reflects the poet's lonely and melancholy mood.

Chai Lu

Wang Wei

There seems to be no one on the empty mountain.

However, I think I heard a voice.

Sunlight enters the Woods,

Reflected from the green moss to me.

[Notes]

1. Chai Lu: place name. Wood is a "village". When marching, camp on the mountain and set up trees for cutting down in the area, which is called firewood; A villa with hedges is also called firewood.

2. Emptiness: This poem means emptiness and quietness.

3. but: only.

4. Return to the scenery: the light of the sunset. Scenery, sunshine.

[Brief analysis]

This poem is one of Wang Wei's representative landscape poems, Wangchuan Collection. This poem depicts the quiet scenery of empty mountains and deep forests near Chai Lu at sunset.

The first sentence "There seems to be no one on an empty mountain" directly describes the loneliness and tranquility of an empty mountain. The reason why the mountain is "empty" is because it is barren. The word "not seeing people" embodies "emptiness" The second sentence "however, I think I heard a voice" contrasts the overall silence with the local voice. Although there is no one in the mountains at ordinary times, it will not be silent. The word "but smell" excludes all rustling wind, gurgling water, chirping insects and chirping birds, and only hears a few occasional "voices". On the surface, these "human voices" seem to have broken the silence. In fact, after a while, the empty mountain returned to the realm of silence.

Three or four sentences, "There, the sunshine entered a small forest and reflected light from the green moss", set off the darkness and cold in the depths of the forest with the setting sun. It stands to reason that the description of the dark realm should avoid the light, but the poet just wrote "where the sun shines, enter a small forest." At first glance, this weak oblique light seems to bring a glimmer of light to the dark forest belt, but in fact it is just the opposite. When the afterglow of "returning to the scenery" shines on the moss through mottled tree shadows, the sharp contrast between that small piece of light and a large piece of darkness makes the darkness of the deep forest more prominent. Moreover, "returning to the scene" is not only weak, but also short-lived. A touch of afterglow disappears in an instant, followed by a longer darkness.

Wang Wei's "Time goes by, only give me peace, and everything will not be disturbed" (reply to Zhang's deputy envoy). The works in Wangchuan Collection mainly describe the beautiful state of natural scenery. The predecessors thought that these poems won the Zen theory without talking about Zen machine, forgot the life experience and lost all thoughts. This reflects Wang Wei's negative thought of ignoring reality in his later years, but the expression of "painting in poetry" in these poems has immortal aesthetic value.

Quatrain

Du Fu

Two orioles sing green willows,

A line of egrets flew into the sky,

The window contains autumn snow in Xiling,

Mambo Wu Dong Wan Li Ship.

[Notes]

1. Egret: The name of a waterfowl, Egret.

2. Xiling: refers to Minshan Mountain.

3. Autumn snow: snow that does not melt all year round.

4. stop: stop.

[Brief analysis]

This poem was written by Du Fu when he lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu, and * * * wrote four quatrains. This poem is the third of them, describing the spring scenery in front of Huanhuaxi Caotang.

This poem consists of two neat antitheses. The first two sentences, "Two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets flying into the sky", are about moving scenery. In front of the hall, orioles sing among the green willows, and get a close look; Egrets fly into the sky, which is a kind of vision. The pictures of these scenes are colorful: yellow birds, green willows, snow-white egrets and blue sky, and the four colors are impressive. Not only the color, but also the sound, coupled with Ying Ge's euphemistic singing, is really a vibrant and beautiful scene. The last two sentences, "The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, and the boating gate in Wan Li, Wu Dong", describe the static scenery. The two verbs in the first two sentences are "Ming" and "Shang", and the last two sentences are "Han" and "Bo", which are dynamic and static. The third sentence is about the snow in Xiling, which is a vision. The word "Han" is personified, which is very appropriate and vivid; "Qian Qiu" points out a long time and shows its tranquility. The fourth sentence says that the boat in front of the door is close-up. "Berthing", berthing, but this berthing is a ship about to sail for Soochow, and there is movement in silence; "Wan Li" illustrates the vastness of space. Every sentence of this poem contains a scene, in which the dynamic scene, the static scene, the close-up scene and the distant view alternately set off, forming a colorful, beautiful and peaceful picture scroll, which is refreshing and never tires of reading.

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night

Du Fu

Good rain knows its correct time;

When spring comes, it will fall.

The wind blows its mouth at night;

Silent, it moistens everything.

The night road is dark,

A lantern loomed in the boat.

Dawn sees saturated red;

The town is full of flowers.

[Notes]

1. Yes: just.

2. Occurrence: Promote plant growth.

3. sneak in: secretly, quietly.

4. Moisturize: nourish plants with rain.

5. Path: A path in the country.

6. flower weight: flowers look full and heavy because they are stained with rain.

7. Jinguan City: another name for Chengdu.

[Brief analysis]

This is a poem describing and praising the spring rain. The word "hi" in the title controls the whole article. There are eight sentences in the poem, although there is not a word "hi", but the poet's joy is beyond words.

The first couplet is about the arrival of spring rain: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes", and the word "good" expresses the poet's praise for spring rain. Spring is the season when plants germinate and grow. When it needs to rain, it begins to rain. The poet praised Chun Yu's understanding with personification, as if he understood people's wishes.

Zhuan Xu described the characteristics of spring rain: "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently." It is accompanied by the warm spring breeze, quietly floating on the earth in the night, constantly dense, silently moistening everything, Dont Ask For Help knows, and has no intention of pleasing. Spring rain has such a noble character that poets like it even more.

The neck couplet wrote a rainy scene on a spring night: "The night road is black and the river boat is bright." The poet hopes that it will rain enough. When he opened the door, he saw that the sky was overcast and the ground was so dark that he couldn't even see the path clearly. Only the fishing fire on the boat in the river showed a little light.

The couplet "Look at the red and wet place at dawn, flowers weigh heavily on Jinguan City" is the poet's imagination: at dawn the next day after the spring rain, the whole Jinguan City must be a scene of flowers, and the wet, heavy and red flowers must be more attractive. If the flowers are like this, the crops in that field will surely grow sturdily. Spring rain has brought vitality to the earth and brought people the hope of a bumper harvest. How can a poet not praise?

Jueju

Du Fu

Later that day, Jiang,

Spring breeze smells of flowers and plants.

Muddy swallows,

Sleeping mandarin ducks on the warm beach.

[Notes]

1. Evening: Spring is getting longer and longer, so it's late.

2. Mud melting: This means that the soil is wet.

3. Yuanyang: A waterfowl, male and female live in pairs by the water.

About the author: Du Fu (7 12-770), whose real name is Zimei, whose name is Shaoling, is from Gongxian County, Henan Province. He used to be Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Supervision, known as Du Gongbu. A great poet in the Tang Dynasty, he was also called a poet saint with Li Bai. Du Fu's poems show the historical process of Tang poetry from prosperity to decline, which is called "the history of poetry".

Looking for flowers by the river alone

Du Fu

Huang Si's maiden is full of flowers,

Thousands of flowers bent the branches.

Butterflies have been dancing,

Charming songbirds sing freely.

[Notes]

1. Walk alone: Walk or walk alone.

2. Path (xρ): Path.

3. Jiao: Cute.

4. Cha-cha: Just happened to meet. Speaking of birdsong.

5. Stay: I am reluctant to leave. This poem is used to describe butterflies flying around among flowers, reluctant to part. "Liulian" is a conjunction. The two words that make up Lian Mian's Ci only record the pronunciation of the word, which has nothing to do with the meaning. Therefore, a Lian Mian Ci may be written in several different ways, such as "lingering" and "lingering", but the meaning of the word is still the same.

[Brief analysis]

Du Fu, a poet in the first year of Shangyuan (AD 760) in Tang Suzong, lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, and built a thatched cottage beside Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs. He found a place to live for the time being and felt much more comfortable. In the spring season, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers and wrote a set of seven-line quatrains, the sixth of which.

The first sentence "Huang Siniang's home is full of flowers" points out the place to find flowers. A "path" is a path. "Flowers are all over the path" means that many flowers cover the path and connect it. The second sentence is "a thousand flowers are low." "A hundred flowers blossom" describes a large number. The words "pressure" and "low" in "Pressing branches low" are used very aptly and vividly, vividly depicting the dense, large and numerous flowers in spring, which bend the branches. This sentence is the embodiment of the word "full" in the previous sentence The third sentence, "There is a butterfly dance". "Linglian" describes butterflies flying around and reluctant to leave. Write the bright fragrance of spring flowers from the side. In fact, the poet was also attracted by colorful spring flowers and stayed. The fourth sentence is "Jiao Ying chirps". "Jiao" is a description of Ying Ge's softness and roundness. "Chen Wenjing Ti" means that when the poet came to enjoy the flowers, the oriole was singing. Just because the poet was happy, he took it for granted that oriole sang for himself. This is the same as the previous sentence, saying that butterflies are attached to spring flowers, which is empathy. Because the poet successfully used this technique to integrate things with me and create a scene, this little poem is more intimate and interesting to read.

Inspirational: heaven and earth have righteousness, and there are miscellaneous things. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star. People call it awe, which is overwhelming. The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court. When you are poor, you can see it, one by one.

-Wen Song Tian Xiang from "Song Zhengqi"

There is a towering tower at the top of Feilai Peak. It is said that crows come and the morning sun rises.

As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain.

-Wang Song Anshi's "Deng Fei Lai Feng"

"I took a long breath to hide my tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives."

"Ruman Manqi Xiu Yuan Xi, I will look up and down."

"I'm also good at what I think. Although I died nine times, I still have no regrets. "

-Qu Yuan's Li Sao in the Warring States Period

"It's hard to get rid of dust, so make a tight rope. It's not freezing in the cold. Where does the plum blossom smell come from? "

-Tang Peixiu's "Wan Lu"

"The ancient gentleman, also for their own responsibility, heavy weeks, treat people lightly. Focus on a week, so don't be lazy; If you are light, you will be charitable. "

-Tang Hanyu. "destruction"

"People whisper, the sky smells like thunder, the darkroom deceives the heart, and the eyes are like electricity."

—— Song and Yuan Dynasties —— Chen Liang, "Shilin Guangji" Volume 9 "Warning Training"

"Good sunny day, looked up three feet who knows. Good and evil will eventually be rewarded, just for coming early and coming late. "

-Cai's "Yue Quan Chuan"

Writing: an autumn night in the mountains

Wang Wei

The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.

The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.

Whispering in bamboo, the washerwoman comes home, and the lotus leaves yield before the fishing boat (2).

My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? ③.

【 Precautions 】 ① Autumn Earrings: Autumn night. ② Hu an female: a woman who washes clothes. 3 "Inadvertently" sentence: In "Songs of Chu Recruit Hermits", there is a saying that "the prince and grandson can't stay in the mountains for a long time", which means that if it is allowed to bloom in spring, the prince and grandson can stay for a long time. Rest: rest and withering.

For the appreciation of this poem, one of the following four options is inappropriate ()

A. the first "empty mountain" ends here. At the beginning of Shan Yu, everything was new, and it was early autumn evening. The fresh air suggests that the mountains are like heaven and the scenery is wonderful and pleasant.

B. The two couplets in the middle, Moonlight in the Pine, Spring on the Stone, Woman in the Bamboo Grove and Lotus Falling on the Fishing Boat, especially the third pair, reflect the author's quiet and simple life ideal with a pure and beautiful picture of life.

C "Songs of the South Calling Hermits" says: "When Wang Sun comes back from swimming, he can't stay in the mountains for a long time." This poem does the opposite. Living in the "mountain" is really the author's original intention, which means seclusion.

D. The first couplet writing environment, the couplet rewriter and the necklace rewriter maintain the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of ideal realm in poetry and painting.

[Author Introduction] Wang Wei (about 692 ~ 76 1), the word Mo, was originally from Qixian County, Taiyuan (now Shanxi), and his parents moved (now Yongji, Shanxi). Jinshi Ji, the official to Shangshu Youcheng, is called. Wang Wei's poems are beautiful, fresh, exquisite and elegant, and unique outside Du Li. Its name comes from a Buddhist in Vimalakīrti, and its heart is Buddhist. Although he was an official of the imperial court, he often lived in seclusion in Wangchuan, Lantian. Wang Wei is an outstanding painter. He is familiar with music and is good at integrating music theory, painting theory and Zen theory into poetry creation. Su Shi called it "painting in poetry" and "poetry in painting", and he was a famous representative of the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty.

[Appreciation] This poem was written by Wang Wei when he lived in seclusion in Wangchuan in his later years. He described the mountain scenery in autumn night and expressed the author's love for the simplicity, tranquility and indulgence of mountain life. The poet described the clear moonlit night after the Mid-Autumn Festival rain in the mountains: the bright moon in the pine forest, the clear spring on the stone, the prostitutes in the bamboo forest and the fishing boats in the stream, which organically formed a beautiful picture.