Geographical environment of Xuanwu district

Xuanwu District covers an area of 80.97 square kilometers, bordering Xianhemen, Zhu Zhuang and Maqun in the east, Qixia District and Jiangning District. South to Zhongshan East Road, out of Zhongshan Gate, to Cangbomen (except alfalfa garden and Houzhuang), adjacent to Qinhuai District; West to Zhongshan Road and Zhongyang Road, across the street from Gulou District; North to Tokyo Pavilion and Xianhemen Line, connected with Qixia District.

The northeast of Xuanwu District is magnificent, surrounded by mountains and waters, located in the mid-latitude area, with a green coverage rate of over 58%.

Most of the slopes in the area are distributed from Weigang to Xiaolingwei, all of which belong to loess slopes. The famous hillock is Sunlinggang (Meihua Mountain), which is located on the south side of Yu He Bridge in the Ming tombs outside Zhongshan Gate. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan and his wife Bu Shi were buried here, hence the name. Because there are many plum blossoms on the hill, it is called Meihua Mountain. It is about 55 meters above sea level, and its basement is purplish red and grayish purple conglomerate of Pukou Formation of Upper Cretaceous, and it is covered with Xiashu loess. The mountain is full of plum blossoms, which is a good place to enjoy flowers. 1983 The "Mei Ling Dark Fragrance" listed in the Forty Scenes of New Jinling refers to this place.

The low mountain area below 400 meters above sea level is divided into two lines: north and south. The southern line is the rest of Zhongshan vein, which is arranged from east to west; The northern line is a mountain range distributed at the junction with Qixia District. Although the hills in this area are linearly distributed, they are all independent mountains with an altitude of 100 meters.

Fuguishan is located in the Taiping Gate, and is connected with the Dragon Neck at the foot of Zijin Mountain by the city wall. In ancient times, it was called Longweipo. The altitude is 86. 1 m, the east-west length is about 1 km, the north-south width is about 300 meters, and the area is less than 0.3 square kilometers. The mountain is composed of light gray gravelly feldspar timely sandstone, and the trees on the mountain are lush.

Jiuhua Mountain, formerly known as Fu Zhoushan, is also known as Longzhou Mountain. It is named because the mountain looks like an inverted wooden boat. In the early years of Southern Dynasties, Xuanwu Lake at the foot of the mountain was renamed Xuanwu Mountain. Later, Xiaojiuhua Scenic Scenic Temple, commonly known as Xiao Jiuhua Mountain, was built because of Shannan, and now it is commonly known as Jiuhua Mountain. Located inside the Taiping Gate, it is connected with Fuguishan in the east. The mountain is long and narrow, slightly arc-shaped, with the arc mouth facing south, and consists of quartz sand conglomerate and shale. The area is less than 0.3 square kilometers, and the altitude is 6 1 m.

The Arctic Pavilion, formerly known as Jilong Mountain, is named after the round mountain and the shape of a chicken coop. In the early Ming Dynasty, there was an observatory on the mountain, so it was also called Qin Tianshan Mountain. In the early Qing dynasty, after the reconstruction of the Arctic Pavilion on the mountain, it was commonly known as the Arctic Pavilion. The mountain is composed of quartz sand conglomerate and sandstone, and there is a small volcanic eruption rock at the northern foot. With an area of about 0.3 square kilometers and an altitude of 60 meters, it is an important commanding height in the central part of the city. There is a meteorological station (the earliest meteorological forecasting institution in China) at the top of the mountain. In ancient times, it was the Royal Hualin Garden, with places of interest such as Jiming Temple. 1990 was turned into an open cultural park called Arctic Pavilion Park.

Hongshan is located on the north side of Caohou Road outside the central gate. Hongshan, the Qifeng Mountain in the Six Dynasties, was named after Chen Wudi's martial arts practice here, and it has a "Qifeng" mountain. Because the mountain is red sandstone, it is also called laterite mountain, and now it is commonly known as Hongshan. It consists of Dahongshan, Xiaohongshan, Fangniu Mountain and Heshan Mountain, covering an area of about 0.5 square kilometers. Dahongshan, the main peak, is 78.9 meters above sea level. During the Republic of China, it was a barren hill. After liberation, trees were planted and lush. Now it is the seat of Hongshan Forest Zoo.

Chao yang shan is located at the junction of the northwest side of the fork road and Qixia District. Because there is Chaoyang cave halfway up the mountain, there is a stone Buddha in the cave, and the mountain is named after the cave. The mountain is slightly arc-shaped, with its opening facing south. It is composed of sandstone and siltstone, with an altitude of123m.

Jubaoshan is located at the junction of the north side of Chalukou Village and Qixia District. Stone and sulfur mines can be mined on the mountain, with fertile soil and lush trees, hence the name Jubaoshan. Southwest-northeast, the mountain is oval, with a length of 0.7 km and a width of 0.5 km. It is made of limestone, with an altitude of 124.3 m..

Yangfang Mountain is located at the junction of the northeast of Dongyangfang and Qixia District. This mountain is named after this village. East-west trend, about 1.5km long, 0.7km wide from north to south, and 109m above sea level. This mountain is made of limestone, and it is full of pine trees.

Lishanjiao Mountain is located on the side of the fifth phase of Huanling Road. According to legend, this mountain was picked by Xiao in ancient times and then lived by Li, hence the name. It is 82 meters above sea level.

Lion Mountain is located in the northwest of Xianhemen. According to legend, there was a stone lion on the mountain in the Ming Dynasty, hence its name. The mountain is low and round, with an altitude of 53 meters. Xuanwu District covers an area of 80.97 square kilometers, including 9600 mu of agricultural area. It belongs to Cangbomen area, with 27 rivers of 54 kilometers (including 25 kilometers allocated by the municipal public bureau and 29 kilometers of ownerless rivers). There are 65,438 drainage manholes and rainwater wells, and there are 12037 drainage pipes; 5 pumping stations; There are two reservoirs. There are four main drainage systems:

Jiangwangmiao gully and Tangjiashan gully in the north. The system flows into Xuanwu Lake from north to south through lovers' garden, exits Xuanwu Lake from Shencemen, and flows westward into the moat of Gulou District through the northwest moat, which is the main drainage channel in the area north of Xuanwu Lake.

Friendship River and Wei Qiao ditch in the south. The system flows into the Wugu River from north to south through Qinhuai District, which is the drainage channel from Zhongshan Gate to Xiaolingwei and Zhongshan Mausoleum.

Friedensreich hundertwasser river and Grain river in the east. The system flows into Qinhuai River from north to south through Qinhuai District, and it is the main drainage channel in the suburbs of Xuanwu District, such as Maqun, Yuliang and 500 households.

West from the Inner Qinhuai River. Rivers mainly from Pearl River, Daiyu River, Xianglinxigou River and Qingxi River converge in Zhu Qiao and flow into Qinhuai River via Qinhuai District in the south. The water in the urban drainage system in Xuanwu District is mainly discharged through this system. Xuanwu District belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, characterized by hot Leng Xia in winter and distinct seasons. The annual precipitation in Nanjing is over 1000mm, and it belongs to humid area. In the early summer of each year, Nanjing enters the rainy season due to the influence of frontal rain belt. After the plum rain, the weather is sunny and dry, often forming a summer drought.