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Information about Shenzhou VI

Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft is one of China shenzhou spaceship series. "Shenzhou VI" and "Shenzhou V" have no difference in appearance. They are still three-cabin structures, namely, propulsion module, return module and orbital module. Their weight is basically maintained at about 8 tons, and they are launched by the Long March II F carrier rocket. It is the second spaceship carrying astronauts in China and the first manned spaceship in China to carry out the mission of "many people and many days".

astronaut

An astronaut on a mission

Fei Longjun, commander.

Nie Haisheng, operator.

This is the first time that two astronauts have carried out a space mission. Nie Haisheng celebrated his 4 1 year-old lunar birthday in space on June 3rd.

Reserve astronaut

The first echelon: Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng.

The second echelon: Zhai Zhigang and Wu Jie.

Person in charge of each subsystem

Chief Commander and Chief Designer of Astronaut System: Shanguang Chen.

Chief commander and chief designer of spacecraft application system: Gu Yidong

Chief commander of spacecraft system: Shang Zhi, and chief designer: Zhang Bainan.

Chief Commander of Rocket System: Chief Designer: Liu.

Chief commander of launch site system: Zhang Yulin, and chief designer: Lu.

Commander of TT&C communication system: Dong Deyi, and chief designer: Yu Zhijian.

Chief commander of the landing site system: Sui Qisheng, chief designer: Hou Ying.

time base

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is used for the following times.

65438+ 10 month 1 1

22: 15—22: 17 astronauts enter the spaceship.

At 22: 53, the door of Shenzhou VI return cabin was closed.

65438+ 10 month 12

At 00: 27, the operating support of the rocket launch tower was fully opened.

0 1:00:00 Long March II F rocket ignition

Shenzhou VI launch

0 1:02:03 (after ignition 120 seconds) The rocket abandoned the escape tower.

0 1:02: 19 (after ignition 136 seconds) rocket booster separation

0 1:02:42 (after ignition 159 seconds), the first stage and the second stage of the rocket separate, and the first stage rocket falls.

0 1:03:23 (200th second after ignition) The fairing is separated at the height of 1 10 km.

0 1:09:43 (583rd second after ignition) The spacecraft and the rocket were successfully separated at an altitude of about 200km.

0 1:09:52 Shenzhou VI entered the scheduled orbit.

At 07: 56, the Shenzhou VI spacecraft changed its orbit.

65438+ 10 month 13

02: 10 astronauts conducted on-orbit anti-jamming test.

18:2 1 Roy 1, Roy No.2 and Roy No.3 have deteriorated.

2 1:56 The first orbit maintenance after the orbit change of Shenzhou VI.

65438+ 10 month 15

The astronauts talked with the people of China and President Hu Jintao.

65438+1October 16

18:40 Shenzhou VI entered the 76th flight around the earth, over the monitoring and control area of Qingdao Station.

18:44 Shenzhou VI returns the command to unlock.

19: 10 Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center signed a dispatch to announce that the return tracking has entered 30 minutes of preparation.

Shenzhou VI is flying over the South Pacific.

The solar panels in the propulsion module are vertically zeroed.

19:42 Wang Yuan No.3 survey ship captured the signal of Shenzhou VI.

19: 43 ——19: 48 Wang Yuan No.3 has carried out a series of key controls on Shenzhou VI, such as attitude adjustment, separation of orbital module and return flight, braking and ignition, and Shenzhou VI successfully entered the scheduled return orbit.

19:43 Wang Yuan No.3 issued an instruction to Shenzhou VI, and Shenzhou VI's first posture adjustment began.

The orbital module and the return module were successfully separated.

19:45, the engine of the propulsion cabin is ignited and the voyage begins.

19:48:29 The propulsion module orbit control engine is turned off and flies out of the measurement and control section of Wangyuan No.3 survey ship.

19:52 The return capsule flew over the African continent and headed for China.

At 20: 02, the return capsule flew over South Asia, and the astronauts reported that the spacecraft was working normally and felt good.

At 20: 07, the propulsion module and the return module were successfully separated.

At 20: 00 13, the return capsule entered the communication interruption area.

At 20: 00 16, the spacecraft was discovered by the landing site measurement and control equipment.

At 20: 19, the main umbrella cover of the return cabin was opened.

At 20: 20, take off the deceleration umbrella and open the main umbrella, so that the helicopter can see the target visually.

At 20: 23, the anti-heat outsole of the return capsule was successfully thrown away.

At 20: 33, the return capsule landed successfully.

2 1:04 return cabin door opened.

Two astronauts, Fei and Nie Haisheng, left the capsule.

launch

Shenzhou VI was launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 9 am on June 65438+10/October 65438 +02 (UTC +8). Two Chinese astronauts Fei and Nie Haisheng were sent into space. The estimated flight time is five days. First, it runs five times in an elliptical orbit with an inclination of 42.4 degrees, a perigee height of 200 kilometers and an apogee height of 347 kilometers. After the orbit change, it enters a 343-kilometer circular orbit and flies around the earth for 90 minutes. The flight trajectory is projected to the ground in a sine curve that moves continuously eastward. Orbit features are the same as those of Shenzhou 5.

On-orbit

At 65438+1October 12 17: 29, the astronaut fee opened the hatch between the Shenzhou VI return module and the orbital module and entered the orbital module to carry out space science experiments.

101October 13 At 4 o'clock, the astronauts conducted an on-orbit interference force test, which consciously expanded the motion range in the cabin and tested the influence of human interference on the attitude of the spacecraft. After four "on-orbit interference force" tests, such as opening and closing the hatch, putting on and taking off the pressure suit, passing through the cabin and extracting condensed water, the astronauts' activities have little influence on the attitude of the spacecraft, and the spacecraft can maintain normal flight without correcting its attitude.

10 6 14 in the early morning, Shenzhou VI kept its orbit unchanged for the first time after the 30th orbit change, that is, it made minor adjustments according to the precise orbit measurement parameters, so that the spacecraft returned to the scheduled normal orbit. During the maintenance, the Shenzhou VI engine was ignited for 6.5 seconds, which lifted the spacecraft by 800 meters.

16: 29, Hu Jintao talked with astronaut Fei and Nie Haisheng. At 18: 05, the astronauts transmitted the digital images of their spacecraft solar panels to beijing aerospace control center.

land

After completing the scheduled mission, the spacecraft returned to the main landing site of Siziwangqi in Inner Mongolia by lift. The return of Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft to the ground needs to go through four stages: braking flight stage, free sliding stage, reentry stage and landing stage. In this flight around the earth, after the separation of the Shenzhou VI orbital module and the return module, it will continue to fly in orbit for six months and conduct a series of scientific experiments.

Because the first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou 5, only flew in space for one day, the weather change of the main landing site can be predicted in time and accurately, so the auxiliary landing site has not been activated; Shenzhou VI spacecraft will fly in space for many days, and the weather is difficult to predict accurately. The auxiliary landing site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center will be used as a backup landing site. In order to welcome the spacecraft to return at any time, a 13 landing site was set on the ground. In addition to the main and auxiliary landing sites of Siziwangqi in Inner Mongolia and Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, there are also 1 1 emergency landing sites at home and abroad. The landing site system includes five subsystems: main landing site subsystem, auxiliary landing site subsystem, land emergency search and rescue subsystem, maritime emergency search and rescue subsystem, communication subsystem and astronaut medical supervision and medical insurance subsystem.

The equipment involved in astronaut search and rescue includes: search and rescue helicopter, search and video helicopter, command and dispatch vehicle, astronaut medical supervision and medical insurance vehicle, engineering transport vehicle, astronaut transport vehicle, return cabin crane and small search vehicle.

Four giant parachutes were designed to ensure that Shenzhou VI and two astronauts returned home safely. During the landing of the return capsule, at least three umbrellas should be opened, namely, the guide umbrella, the deceleration umbrella, the main umbrella, and the fourth backup umbrella if necessary. Whether the parachute of the spacecraft return cabin can be opened smoothly is directly related to the success or failure of recovery. The main umbrella can't be opened all at once, otherwise it will be blown up by high-speed airflow and smash the return cabin. After the spaceship landed, everything was abnormal. If the huge parachute is blown by the wind, it may drag the return capsule to roll quickly. In order to ensure safety, the astronauts issued instructions at the moment when the return capsule landed, and the knives on the return capsule would cut off the parachute noose and let the parachute fall alone to ensure that the return capsule would not be towed away by the umbrella.

In addition, according to the opinion put forward by Yang Liwei, an astronaut of Shenzhou VI, in order to minimize the impact on the astronauts during the landing of Shenzhou VI, the astronaut seat in the cabin is also equipped with a "special-shaped shock absorber" for the first time-an energy-absorbing pad made according to the different characteristics of the astronauts' bodies, which can quickly disperse human stress at the moment of impact and avoid human injury.

June 65438+10/October 65438+At 3: 44 am in July 2005, the orbital module and the return module of the spacecraft were successfully separated. At 3: 45 am, the engine of the spacecraft was successfully ignited and began to return. At 4: 07, the spacecraft propulsion module was successfully separated from the return module, and the return module returned to Earth by itself.

During the landing, there will always be a light spot in the night sky at the main landing site of Siziwangqi, just like a meteor crossing the night sky. When the return capsule passed through the atmosphere at 4: 0013, it produced high temperature, forming a communication black zone, and once interrupted contact with the control center for 3 minutes. At 4: 20, the return capsule opened the main parachute and landed slowly at the main landing site of Siziwangqi. At 4: 33, the return capsule landed successfully. Two astronauts, Fei and Nie Haisheng, reported safety to the control center, and the staff of the control center applauded. About half an hour later, the search and rescue helicopter first found the return capsule, and the actual landing point was expected to be only 1 km. After the crew opened the cabin door, the medical staff examined the bodies of the two astronauts and suggested that the two astronauts could leave the cabin by themselves.

Unlike Shenzhou 5 astronaut Yang Liwei, Fei first climbed out of the return capsule in his spacesuit and waved to the field staff. Nie Haisheng also climbed out of the hatch and walked down the iron ladder. Two people were sitting in chairs, receiving flowers from the staff and thanking them for their care and love. Fei Longjun said that the space trip was very smooth, and their work and life in the space capsule were very good. Now they are in good health. The two astronauts stayed in space for 1 15.5 hours, more than five times the flight time of the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, setting a record for the longest stay in space for China people, and successfully ending China's first space trip with the characteristics of "many people and many days". After Fei and Nie Haisheng returned to the ground, they were taken back by helicopter, and then sent back to Beijing by special plane, and temporarily quarantined 14 days.

Technical improvement

40 (Simplified Chinese: Yu; English: More than 600 pieces of equipment and 6 pieces of software, including 82 pieces of software and 65,438+10,000 pieces of components, have been improved by 1 10 in four aspects.

Around the improvement of the two-person multi-day mission: the food cabinet was really used, and the astronauts' water was prepared with water tanks and separate soft packages. The condensation water tank is enlarged, and all exposed pipes are affixed with water-absorbing materials to ensure that the humidity of the spacecraft is controlled below 80%.

Improvement of orbital module function: placing food heating device and tableware. There is a sleeping bag hanging in the orbital module for two astronauts to take turns to rest. There is also a special cleaning cabinet in the orbital module, and astronauts can clean it with warm towels and other items. This is the first time to use the urine collector.

Improvement to improve the safety of astronauts: the seat buffer of astronauts has been redesigned, so that astronauts can see the situation outside the porthole after the seat is lifted before returning. A rapid and automatic detection device for the door seal of the return module and the orbital module was successfully developed. A special rag without fiber, static electricity and peculiar smell was developed, which was specially used to clean the cabin door.

Continuous improvement: the storage capacity of the "black box" is not only 100 times larger than the original, but also the data reading and writing speed is increased by more than 10 times, but the volume is less than half of the original.

pick up

The Shenzhou VI spacecraft carried sixty-four items in eight categories, mainly souvenirs of manned space flight, such as philatelic products, calligraphy and painting, flags and other souvenirs, as well as microbial strains and crop seeds used in scientific experiments.

Experimental use

Some eggs, silkworm eggs and Yunnan Pu 'er tea will be launched with Shenzhou VI to study the possibility of genetic variation.

Twenty-four cell culture boxes were placed on the spacecraft, which contained beating myocardial cells and osteoblasts adhered to the wall. At the same time, astronauts and ground workers conducted a series of scientific comparative experiments on two identical living cells to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the effects of space environment on the heart and bones, and verified the protective effects of drugs placed in cell culture solution and drugs screened on the ground through space real-time flight. Astronauts will operate 24 sample boxes in three stages. During the operation, astronauts will put a cell culture belt on their legs, and according to different periods, they will burst two kinds of capsules containing activator and fixative to activate or fix living cells, and investigate the state and changes of cell samples under different gravity conditions before and after the spacecraft enters orbit.

Commemorative purpose

There is 1 0g clay, which is composed of 9g mainland clay and10g Taiwan Province clay, which symbolizes perfection and hopes that the two sides can achieve peaceful reunification.

Polar investigation of the national flag, the flag of the International Olympic Committee, the flag of the Shanghai World Expo, the flags of "national defense education" and "witnessing China's take-off", as well as the works of famous painters and painters such as "Six Horses", "Ode to China" and "Long March Wan Li".

Local response

Hong Kong-Donald Tsang, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, congratulated the successful launch of Shenzhou VI; Members of the Legislative Council send greeting cards to the Central Government. [/05 10 12/ 12/ 1hjz 3 . html]

The State Council spokesman Alegre said that China is the third country in the world to successfully develop manned space technology, and the United States welcomes China's peaceful development of space research. [/05 10 12/ 12/ 1 hlch . html]

Griffin, director of NASA, issued a statement on 10/2, saying that the launch of Shenzhou VI proved that China has become one of the "elite countries". The statement said, "China once again shows that she is one of the' elite countries' that can send people into space. We wish their mission success and expect their astronauts to return safely. " [/05 10 13/ 12/ 1 hlmy . html]

Morseyev, deputy director of the space agency of RIA Novosti, said: "More powerful countries have joined this space club. We look forward to further cooperation with them in all fields, including manned space flight. He also pointed out that Russia is "paying close attention" to China's space program, China's approval 2| Comment 2007-5-19 20: 23 PYX1997 | level.