Indoor iron conventional breeding

Tiejiangjun is a hybrid of F 1 generation, with infinite growth type, big red fruit type and medium-large fruit type. The weight of single fruit is 200-230g, and the yield is high. The annual growth and (mu) yield can reach 20000kg. The fruit is slightly oblate, smooth and beautiful, with bright and dark red color, thick and hard peel, long shelf life, and is extremely resistant to storage and transportation.

1 performance of local seeds

1. 1 flowers are neat and resistant to hormone treatment. Common varieties with the same concentration are prone to deformity. When there are holes in the navel, the fruit shape is round, smooth and beautiful, and the fruit setting rate is high at low temperature.

1.2 has excellent plant type, short leaves, ventilation and light transmission, high photosynthesis and is not easy to get sick.

1.3 This variety has strong cold tolerance. Under the condition of long-term low temperature and cloudy days when the night temperature is above 10℃, the upper part of the plant has good fruit shape, uniform fruit size, no green peel and cracked fruit, and there is no obvious difference between the top fruit and the bottom fruit, which ensures high yield under adversity.

1.4 Fruit, Tiejiangjun is deep red and bright in color, smooth and without edges, extremely beautiful in appearance, excellent in taste, hard in fruit, and extremely resistant to storage and transportation, which is favored by local customers and the vast number of border traders.

2 Iron general cultivation season

Autumn is delayed to the deep winter shed, which is usually broadcast directly at the end of June and the beginning of July. Because the varieties have strong disease resistance, they can be sown early. Generally, 2000 ~ 2200 seedlings are protected by autumn extension (mu) and cultivated in long winter. Generally, iron is sown and raised in early July, and the seedlings are guaranteed 1800 ~ 2000 plants (mu).

2. 1 Cultivating strong seedlings: Determining sowing date and sowing in time are the keys to cultivating autumn tomatoes in solar greenhouse. The seedlings of Tiejiangjun should be cultivated in July 1, soaked for 12 hours, and all germinated, which is 12 hours earlier than the local varieties.

2.2 Seedling raising: Tomato cultivation and seedling raising period is in high temperature and rainy season, with strong illumination, small temperature difference between day and night, large respiratory consumption, poor seedling resistance and easy infection with viruses. Therefore, the nursery site should choose a plot with high and dry terrain and good drainage, and set up rain-proof and shading equipment, which is conducive to cooling down, reducing light intensity and avoiding virus diseases caused by high temperature and strong light. Nursery seedlings in nutrient pots, per pot 1 grain. The physiological seedling age of autumn tomato is 3 ~ 4 true leaves, the plant height is 15 ~ 20cm, the seedling age is about 30 days, and the seedling age should be 30 days when planting. At this time, planting does not hurt the roots, which is beneficial to the growth and development of seedlings.

3. Cultivation techniques of Tiejiangjun variety in late autumn and late winter

Tomato production in autumn and winter adopts inversion cultivation. The climate is characterized by high to low temperature, limited by the first frost, and the growing period is only about 120 days. Virus is easy to occur in the early growth stage due to the influence of high temperature and strong light, and late blight is easy to occur in the greenhouse with low temperature and high humidity. Therefore, strict and timely management is needed. The management of autumn tomatoes focuses on preventing high temperature and strong light in the early stage of growth, reducing the occurrence of virus diseases, and solving the problem of heat preservation and high humidity in the later stage to promote fruit growth.

3. 1 Soil preparation and fertilization: After the previous crop is harvested, clear the ground, each building is 360m2, and 35kg (70kg) of quicklime is applied in the greenhouse to increase the calcium content in the soil and prevent navel rot. 2-4 tons of decomposed pig manure and chicken manure, with furrow application depth of 45-50 cm and furrow thickness of 10 cm. The backfilled chicken manure is fertilized and leveled. After half a month, the chicken manure is naturally fermented in the furrow and then planted. The border was dug in the original border, with a depth of 10 cm. When planting, it covers a greenhouse of 65,430 square meters.

3.2 Planting density: 3 plants per square meter, with row spacing of 70cm and plant spacing of 50cm.

3.3 Film mulching: When planting, it is required that the roof of the greenhouse should be intact and the film should not fall off to protect the seedlings from diseases caused by rain. Because of the high temperature at that time, the film on the front foot of the greenhouse roof was rolled up by 0.5 ~ 1 m, and the film was covered with sunshade net or grass curtain to form a shed.

3.4 Planting time: It is best to plant winter stubble in early August. Choose rainy day or evening to plant, straighten the seedlings, cultivate a small amount of soil, then fill with water, and fill the soil after water infiltration, 3 plants 1 m2.

4 Post-colonial management

4. 1 temperature: shading the greenhouse surface in the early stage of planting, reducing the temperature and light intensity, which is beneficial to slow down the seedlings. In the early stage of tomato growth, the outside temperature is high, so it is necessary to ventilate day and night to keep the temperature within a suitable range. The sunshade net should be covered under strong light, and it should be opened in the morning and evening and when the light is weak on rainy days, otherwise the tomatoes will grow in vain. When the outside temperature drops below 15℃, ventilation is only carried out during the day, and ventilation with plastic film is not carried out at night. When the indoor temperature cannot be kept above 10℃ at night, cover it with a straw curtain to keep warm at night. As the outside temperature continues to drop, the straw curtain is uncovered early and the cover is covered late, and the ventilation time is gradually shortened, or when the temperature is high on sunny days, the indoor humidity is reduced and the fresh air is increased, which is beneficial to the growth of tomatoes. Ventilation time should be determined according to indoor temperature. Generally, when the noon temperature reaches 28℃, the ventilation time is about 1 hour. Observe the temperature of the greenhouse, close the vent in time and keep the indoor humidity to avoid frostbite.

4.2 Water and fertilizer management: properly control water after planting and before budding to promote root development, prevent overgrowth of aboveground stems and leaves, and promote flower bud differentiation and development. When the seedlings are short of water, they can be watered in the morning or at night. Crouching should be cultivated continuously, with stout stems, thick leaves, dark green leaves, moderate corolla size and coordinated autumn-fruit ratio. When the first ear becomes Huang Shi, water them once and properly. After that, water is poured once every 10 day to keep the water quantity uniform and the root soil moist. When the first ear turns from green to white, basically 8 ears can be completed. At this time, the ears of 1, 2, 3 are expanding rapidly, which is in the middle and late June of 1 1. Watering should be carried out in the sunny morning. When it is postponed, it should be watered wherever it is dry, mainly to reduce indoor humidity, increase the temperature in the shed and reduce diseases.

Watering principle: water thoroughly before 1 1 month. In the later stage, we should follow the principle of controlling temperature to see dry and wet, and dry is water to control the occurrence of diseases. If you supply water at both ends for three days, you should pay special attention to the high incidence rate.

Watering in winter depends on the ground and the weather. You can't water on cloudy and snowy days, and the ground temperature will not affect the growth of tomatoes. After sunny days, the ground will crack, and proper water supply will make the border dry, which will help to improve the ground temperature, reduce the evaporation of water, reduce the indoor humidity and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

4.3 Pruning and threshing: the method of single stem pruning is adopted, that is, the main branches are left to grow, blossom and bear fruit, and all the side branches in each leaf axil are removed. When the first lateral branch is about 5 cm long, it should be removed after sunny day 10, which is beneficial to wound healing. General Tie usually leaves 8 ears of fruit in the main branch, with 4-6 fruits per ear to promote fruit expansion and improve the commodity rate of fruit.

Ill leaves and old leaves should be removed in time. After the first ear fruit reaches the green ripe stage, all the lower leaves should be removed, which is beneficial to ventilation, fruit expansion and disease reduction.

4.4 auxin treatment: when each ear blooms, it is treated with 2,4-D tomato essence or tomato high-yield agent No.2 in the same way as spring tomatoes.

Pay attention to reducing repeated pollination, and the best pollination time is when the flowers are back. At the same concentration as conventional pollination, 0. 1% quick-acting pesticide can be added to prevent botrytis cinerea from infecting flower organs.

Technical measures for thermal insulation management of common ironmaking production in winter

5. 1 Thermal insulation materials were used in the winter test in 2002. Grass barnyard grass: the first layer is old barnyard grass, the second layer is new barnyard grass, and the outermost layer is covered with old plastic film for insulation, which has good effect.

5.2 Indoor heating equipment: A hot-blast stove is used, which will ignite in time when the temperature drops to 8℃. Sunflower skin is used, and the heating is put into 650 yuan, and the greenhouse covers an area of 240 square meters.

5.3 Vent design: fruits and vegetables are produced at the highest point of the greenhouse in winter, and vents are left on the sunny slope. When the indoor temperature is high, the indoor air should be ventilated in time. Most of the time, we should ventilate around noon 1 1, observe the leaves of crops, and close the vents in time to avoid the influence of low indoor temperature on crop growth.

5.4 Wall insulation: To ensure the wall insulation of fruit and vegetable production in winter, the insulation of the front lower corner, back wall and two gables of the greenhouse is the key. The front corner should be made of 50 cm 3 ~ 4 cm benzene board, and the back wall and two gables should be piled with soil for insulation. The bottom layer is 1.5 ~ 1.2 m wide, and the top layer is 70 ~ 80 cm. Straw will do.

Greenhouse heating: the fire ridge is placed inside the front corner of the greenhouse, which is conducive to heat preservation, raising the temperature in the low-temperature area, ensuring the uniform growth of the whole greenhouse and reflecting the economic benefits of the whole plant.

6 Matters needing attention in winter production

6. 1 Fruit and vegetable production in winter is most afraid of high indoor humidity: when the humidity is high and the temperature is high, all kinds of pathogenic bacteria multiply and indoor crops will soon get sick, which is the reason for the failure of winter production.

6.2 Ventilation: In the production of fruits and vegetables in winter, we must grasp the time and weather to ventilate in time, and open the top vent in time when the indoor air is mixed at high temperature to reduce the chance of plant diseases.

6.3 Less watering: It is best to use plastic film to produce fruits and vegetables in winter, which is the key to winter production and an effective measure to ensure high and stable yield.

6.4 To produce tomatoes in winter, drip-free film must be used, and both inside and outside the shed film should be wiped in time to increase the light transmittance, which is beneficial to crop photosynthesis.