What are the legendary ancient gods?

Known as the king of the Yuan Dynasty, also known as fulisenior.

Some people think that Pangu is the embodiment of the primitive Buddha in Taoism. There are many versions of the legend about Pangu, but it is generally believed that Pangu is a groundbreaking figure.

"When the world was born, it was a blur, and Pangu was born in this vague world. 18000 years later, Pangu broke the heavens and the earth with a sharp axe. Clear and light things rise to form the sky; Heavy and turbid things sink to form land. Afraid of the reunion of heaven and earth, Pangu held out his chest and supported him. The sky rises 1 zhang every day, and the valley grows 1 zhang every day. After 18000 years, Pangu died, and his organs became everything between heaven and earth: his body became mountains, his muscles became fertile fields, his blood became rivers, his bones became roads, his teeth became jade, and his fur became vegetation ... "

Some people think that the legend of Pangu was created by ancient ancestors who absorbed the legends of "Pan Hu" or "Pangu" of southern minorities, added philosophical elements and their own imagination into ancient books, and used it to fill the gap in the Hongmeng era. The story of Pangu was first seen in Xú Zhēng's Thirty-Five Calendars during the Three Kingdoms Period.

Three Emperors and Five Emperors:

The Three Emperors and Five Emperors were the legendary "emperors" in China before the Xia Dynasty. Now it seems that they are all tribal leaders, and they have become the leaders of tribal alliances because of their strength. Basically, no matter according to myths and legends or historical records, people think that Huang San lived before the Five Emperors. But different historians have different definitions of "Three Emperors and Five Emperors". Huang San has five theories, and so do the five emperors. Huang San:

Suiren Fuxi Shennong

Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong

Fuxi, Zhu Rong, Shennong

Fuxi, Shennong, * * * *

Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi

The latter view was popularized because of the influence of Shangshu, and Fuxi, Shennong and Huangdi became the three oldest emperors in China.

In addition, Huang San, together with the Emperor, Huangdi and Ren Huang, is called the Three Gods in Hanshu Weishu. Later, in Taoism, Huang San was divided into three groups: the third-grade emperor was human; In Huang San, people face snakes or dragons; In post-Huang San, Fuxi was the queen, Nuwa was the queen and Shennong was the queen.

Five emperors:

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.

Mi Opera (Fuxi), Shennong, Huangdi, Yaoshun

Tai Hao (Fuxi), Yan Di, Huangdi, Shao Hao and Zhuan Xu.

Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao Shun.

Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Qi and Yao.

Among them, the third one is the most popular, which means the gods in five directions: Tai Hao in the east, Yan Di in the south, Shao Hao in the west, Zhuan Xu in the north and the Yellow Emperor in the center.

Another explanation is the Five Sages King in the ancient legend of China. The first and fourth explanations are more common. Nu Wa: Nu Wa, also known as Nu Wa Niangniang, surnamed Feng, was born in. When she said her name was Feng Richi (maybe Feng). The legendary ancestor of mankind, the myth says that Fuxi and Nu Wa are brother and sister and husband and wife. On China's totem, there is the image of Nu Wa having intercourse with Fuxi. (Li Rong of the Tang Dynasty wrote in Historical Records: "At the beginning of the universe, Cang Kun had only two brothers and sisters, Nuwa, and there was no one in the world. They thought they were husband and wife and were ashamed of themselves. My brother and sister went to Cang Kun to make a wish:' If Heaven sends my brother and sister as husband and wife, it will disappear and be harmonious; If you don't succeed, the smoke will disperse. "So the smoke mixed up, and her sister came to be her brother, but she took the grass as a fan to block her eyes ..." This is the origin of using fans in later generations. According to Chunqiu, "Hua? The fierce woman is Nuwa. " The "brother and sister" mentioned above refers to Nu Wa and Fuzai. Legend has it: Soon, Nu Wa became pregnant and gave birth, but she gave birth to a huge flesh blister because of "consanguineous marriage". Fuxi was furious and smashed the flesh blister with a stone. But strangely, these meat scraps have become people one by one. It is precisely because of the combination of the two that human beings on earth can thrive. )。 She also said that she made people out of loess (according to "Customs Pass": "It is said that heaven and earth have opened, and there is no one. Nu Wa's loess is a man sitting with the audience. People are at a loss, so they take the rope through the mud and raise her as a man. Therefore, rich people are also loess people; The poor and ordinary people are also embarrassed. " Because Nu Wa's "beating the earth as a human being" is carried out on the Loess Plateau in China, she is beating the loess as a human being, which is why the Chinese nation is called the "yellow race". ), refining five-color stones to make up the sky, folding turtles to support the four poles, and killing animals by floods, human beings can live in peace. (According to "Huai Nan Zi Lan Mingxun", "There are four poles in ancient times, Kyushu is cracked, and the world is complex. The land was not well developed and the fire was not put out. Water is endless. Wild animals eat people, and birds catch the old and the weak. So Nu Wa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, breaking the aojiang was enough to set up four poles, killing the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulating reed ash to stop lewd water. Tian Bu, the four poles are positive, the water is exhausted, Jizhou is flat, the dragons are dead, and the people's livelihood is ruined. " )

Legend has it that she is a human-headed snake. In China's mythology, she created human beings from clay. Later, the water god fought with the fire god Zhu Rong, and the worker was defeated by Zhu Rong. He was so angry that he hit his head on the west pillar of the world, causing the sky to fall and the water of the Tianhe River to pour over the world. Nu Wa couldn't bear the human disaster, and refined five-color stones to make up the sky. In addition, Nu Wa also created guzheng and other musical instruments. In addition, after Nu Wa died, her intestines became ten gods, and she went to the wild corn field in the west to protect her. It is said that Nu Wa later ascended to Heaven under the protection of Bai Chi and Tengshe. In southern China, Miao and other ethnic groups worship it as a great god and build temples to worship it.

Reproductive worship is one of the important manifestations of ancient culture in China. The name of Fuxi Nuwa itself means the sun and the moon. The ancients took the sun as their father and the moon as their mother. Because "father" is similar to "father" and "wan" is similar to "mother", it is called "father mu wan" As far as Nu Wa's theory of "creating human beings" is concerned, it is just a primitive sculpture game played by Nu Wa to "pinch human beings with yellow mud". It shows that the ancients did not realize that men and women could only have children through mating, which cast a layer of deified natural psychology on human fertility. Therefore, later generations built temples to worship Nu Wa Niangniang in order to pray for the desire to have children and carry on the family line. In addition, Nu Wa also has "Beginning of Spring", which stipulates that close relatives are not allowed to marry, laying the foundation for ancient wedding music. Today, among the ethnic minorities in southern China, there is still such a custom: every spring, on March 3rd, a man plays the sheng spring to woo a woman.

As for the magical theories of Nu Wa, such as "Killing the Black Dragon to Help Jizhou", "Refining the Five-color Stone to Make Up the Sky" and "Breaking the Aojiang Rod", it is said that Gong Shi and Zhuan Xu were so angry that they couldn't touch the mountain, and Nu Wa's empress refined the Five-color Stone to make up the sky and break the Aojiang. This is nothing more than a myth, to celebrate the magical power of the ancient goddess China. But in any case, Nu Wa Niangniang is still honored as "the ancient holy god who changed everything." "This is a great achievement. From nine days in the world to Huang Yi, its reputation has been praised by future generations, and its glory is more important than anything else."

Fu:

Fuxi or Dongxi (Fuxi in Historical Records) is also called Tai Hao. Legend has it that he is the ancestor of mankind, and mankind was born from his marriage with his brother and sister Nu Wa. Legend has it that he taught people to weave nets, fish and hunt livestock and create gossip. Taihao Fuxi has its capital in Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province). Legend has it that Fuxi sat on the altar. Listen to the eight winds. It's attracting gossip. Gossip and play the Book of Changes. For the beginning of China's divination. Seek God's will through designated media (such as wormwood turtle pattern). Modern beg for a visa or drop a cup. It is a simplified version of the Book of Changes.

Suiren:

Suiren is the inventor of fire in ancient China mythology, and it is said that he is one of Huang San.

There is a record in Everything is Wrong: "Eating fruit clams hurts the stomach and makes people sick. There are saints who drill fire to make it stink, and the people are pleased with it, making it the king of the world, and posthumous title is a man. "

Zhu Rong:

Zhu Rong's legendary ancient emperor, named Chi Di, was transformed by fire, and later generations respectfully called him Vulcan. Some people say that Zhu Rong is Huang San, one of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient times.

In addition, during the Three Kingdoms period, Naman's wife, Meng Huo, also called Zhu Rong, was said to be a descendant of Vulcan Zhu Rong.

* * * Work:

* * * Gong, a figure in ancient legends in China. It is said that Gong surnamed Jiang is a descendant of Emperor Yan. * * * Gong is another person who has made important contributions to the development of agricultural production after Shennong. He invented the method of building dikes to store water. About his legends, almost all of them are related to water. The most famous story is: * * * * The anger of workers cannot reach the surrounding mountains. It is said that the activity area of * * * industrial tribe is in Huixian County, Henan Province today.

* * * The workers' anger can't reach the island.

Zhuan Xu's lineage belongs to the Yellow Emperor, so the dispute between Gong's family and Zhuan Xu due to their different views on agriculture can be regarded as the continuation of the battle of the Yellow Emperor.

Zhuan Xu disapproves of Gong Shi's agricultural practices. Zhuan Xu thinks he is the highest authority in the tribe, and the whole tribe should only obey his orders, and Gong can't make decisions by himself. He opposed * * * Gong's implementation of his plan, on the grounds that if it was carried out according to * * * Gong's practice, it would offend God. As a result, there was a fierce struggle between Zhuan Xu and the Gong family. On the surface, it is a dispute between water and soil, but in fact it is a dispute over tribal leadership.

* * * Gong is stronger than Zhuan Xu, but not as resourceful as Zhuan Xu. Zhuan Xu used ghosts and gods to encourage tribesmen not to believe the Gong family. At that time, people believed in ghosts and gods, and many people believed in Zhuan Xu. They thought that when Gong's land was razed, it would really offend ghosts and gods and lead to disaster, so Zhuan Xu won the support of most people. Although Gong did not get the understanding and support of the people, he still firmly believed that his views were correct and refused to compromise. He is determined to sacrifice himself and devote his life to his career. He came to Buzhou Mountain (now Kunlun Mountain) and wanted to knock down the peak of Buzhou Mountain to show his strong determination. * * * Gong drove the dragon into the air and smashed it into the island. After a loud noise, Budao was suddenly hit by Gong, and suddenly it broke in the middle, and the whole mountain boomed and collapsed. * * * Gong's behavior finally got people's respect. After Gong's death, people regarded him as a navy master (the god of water conservancy). His son, Hou Di, is also considered a social god (that is, a land god). Later, people swore that "heaven is above the earth", referring to him, showing people's respect for them.

Huangdi:

The Yellow Emperor is regarded as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. According to records, there are Xuanyuan, Xiongshi and Jixing. Speaking of gongsun, the surname Ji is a tribal leader, the legendary ancient * * * Lord of the Chinese nation, and the first of the five emperors. The Yellow Emperor is also honored as the ancestor of Taoism, and has a special position in Taoism.

Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, and the Yellow Emperor lives in the hill of Xuanyuan". China Ancient Capital Society (the confirmation organization of seven ancient capitals in China) believes that Xuanyuan Mountain is located in Xuanyuan Mountain in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, which was the capital of Xiongguo in ancient times, and its father Shaodian was the monarch of Xiongguo. The Yellow Emperor was born on the second day of the second lunar month in China's northwest Juyuan Guanlongjiang Gorge. According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a girl on the Loess Plateau. One evening (or night), she suddenly saw the Northern Lights, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor. According to China's historical records, he unified the tribes in China after Emperor Yan. Its capital is Zhuolu. He calculated the calendar; Teach people to sow food; Invent the compass and make the bow and arrow of the ship; Xing characters; Do a dry branch, make a musical instrument, and make medicine.

Today, there is a mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Qiaoshan, Shaanxi. According to legend, when the Yellow Emperor was old, he cast a tripod and Lapras ascended to heaven. The courtier put an arrow to stop it, and the dragon was shot and injured. When he flew over the bridge country, he dropped a boot and buried it here. The Yellow Emperor and Yandi are considered as the ancestors of the Chinese nation, so China people sometimes call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor". Legend has it that the first princess of the Yellow Emperor was Lei Zu, and the second princess belonged to Lei Fang, Tong Yu and Mo Mu.

According to Historical Records, "Twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen people have their surnames." The monarchs of Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Later generations gradually deified the Yellow Emperor. In Zhuangzi, it is mentioned that the Yellow Emperor attained enlightenment and became immortal. The Yellow Emperor in Biography of Immortals can also exorcise immortals.

According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor married Lei Zu, the daughter of Xiling family who invented sericulture, as "Lei Zu's first sericulture". Lei Zu is the yuan princess of Xuanyuan, the legendary leader of northern tribes. She gave birth to Xu Anqi's second son, Changyi. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan, gave birth to Levin, and inherited the world. This is the "Zhuan Xu Emperor" among the Five Emperors.

According to the Book of Rites of Sui Shu, Lei Zu was honored as the "First Silkworm" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. "Biography as a Mirror" records: "Lei Zu, the daughter of Xiling family, is the emperor's princess. She began to teach people to raise silkworms, treat diseases and raise silkworms to make clothes. "

Emperor Yan:

Later, because Shennong took too many kinds of poison, he accumulated too much poison and finally died.

Shennong (said to be a descendant of Shennong), surnamed Jiang, is called Yandi because of his virtue of fire. It is a legendary era in China (or ancient times), about 3000 BC, and it is the * * * owner of the Chiang clan tribe in Hubei, Shaanxi today. He was born in Lieshan (now Lishan Town, Hubei Province), so he is also called Yan Di Shanshi Lie. Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and taught people medical treatment. He was the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine. Speaking of Shennong, Emperor Yan and Huangdi are brothers.

Legend has it that Shennong looks very strange and thin, and his body is transparent except for his limbs and head, so his internal organs are clearly visible. Shennong tasted all kinds of herbs. As long as the herbs are poisonous, his internal organs will turn black after taking them, so it is easy for you to know what herbs affect which parts of the human body.

China folks respect Shennong as the "ancestor of five grains". In ancient times, Shennong was honored as the "ancestor of five grains" because he picked and carefully selected the seeds of five grains, taught his ancestors to plant five grains, and food was the most important thing for the people. April 26th is the birthday of the "ancestor of five grains" every year. Farmers prepare three kinds of abundant fruits of five grains and worship them devoutly.

According to historical records: "Shennong, surnamed Jiang, was appointed as a young princess on Mother's Day and traveled in Huayang. She has a dragon's head, inspired by Emperor Yan, which is a bull's head, longer than Jiang Shui. There is a sacred virtue and a king of fire, so it is called Yan Di. It started in Lieshan Mountain and is also called Shanshi Lie. When he was in office, he tried hundreds of medicines to cure diseases, built a city with money, and first moved to Shandong. It collapsed one hundred and twenty years later and was buried in Changsha. " Shennong can be said to be a prophet among the ancient ancestors of China. In the ancient barren hills, osawa "began to teach farmers", and he also "whipped hundreds of drugs with various whips, knowing that they are toxic, cold and warm, and the smell dominates their treatment of all diseases." Boldly explore and try all kinds of drugs to treat people's reproductive diseases and establish a market to connect with department stores. Because of "meritorious service to the people", later generations honored him as "Emperor Yan", "Wudi of Grains", "King of Medicine", "Mother Su Wang" and "Tianzu". Build temples on earth, carve their statues and offer sacrifices from generation to generation.

According to historical records, when offering sacrifices to Shennong in ancient times, it was called "wax sacrifice", also called "eight wax sacrifices" or "big wax". In ancient times, people enjoyed everything and thought that God had done it. Therefore, Tian succeeded, and the son of heaven sacrificed everything every October, which was related to farming. The Eight Waxes in the Book of Rites said: "First increase one, then increase two, then increase three, then increase four, then add cats, tigers, five, workshops six, water seven, and insects eight." Press: first, add Shennong; Secondly, it refers to Hou Ji; Third, agriculture refers to ancient fields; Third, the post station refers to the reed house in the field; Third, the table refers to the field road; Fourth, the boundaries of the field; Fourth, cats and tigers refer to voles and wild animals; Fourth, the house refers to the dike; Fourth, water refers to ditches; And insects refer to locusts and moths. The purpose of the sacrifice is to hope that they have no disaster. In folklore, it is said that after the gods taught the ancestors to cultivate the grain, the people enjoyed everything in ancient times, and the ancestors began to be lazy. They didn't cultivate or lick, and they ate with crops. Mountains and rivers, a wilderness, and lazy people everywhere. When Shennong was angry, he planted the seeds of 100 kinds of herbs in the stratum ten feet deep. He said: "whoever hoes the ground grows grain, whoever doesn't hoe the ground grows grass, and the lazy people starve to death." . As Shennong said, farmers all over the world have "worked hard". Legend about Emperor Yan:

Jiang is a branch of Xirong nationality. Originally a nomadic people, Jiang entered the Central Plains from the west very early. At that time, at the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, there lived the Jiuli nationality headed by Chiyou (an independent Miao nationality). Because of the long-term conflict between the two sides, Emperor Yan retreated to Hebei. According to legend, because Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes, he fought three fierce battles with the Yellow Emperor, the surname of Xuanyuan, which was considered to be the first large-scale war of the Chinese nation. It was called the Battle of Hanquan in history (Hanquan, now Hanquan Village in Yanqing, a suburb of Beijing). Facing the leader of the bear, scorpion, scorpion, scorpion and tiger are powerful opponents of the totem tribe, but Emperor Yan finally lost, allied with it and surrendered to it, and the Yellow Emperor ended the war with victory. With the expansion of the Yanhuang alliance, more and more tribes submitted to it, but Chiyou refused to accept it all the time, and a big war was inevitable. Chiyou led Jiu Li to fight against the alliance in Zhuolu (now Zhuolu Village, Hebei Province), which was the second war in the legendary era and was called Zhuolu.

The battle of deer, the so-called Zhuolu Zhongyuan, originated from this. Finally, Chiyou was defeated. Since then, the surname Jiang and the Yellow Emperor have settled in the Central Plains. The word "descendants of the Yellow Emperor" refers to people's tracing and respect for the ancestors of Chinese civilization, Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor.

Shao Hao:

Shao Hao, but also for Hao Shao. One of the five emperors, the son of the Yellow Emperor.

Shao Hao's Tomb is located in the east of Qufu City, Shandong Province.

Zhuan Xu:

Zhuan Xu (pinyin zhuān xū), according to legend, is a descendant of Changyi, the son of the Yellow Emperor, who lives in Diqiu (now southeast of Puyang, Henan) and is listed in the article. Zhuan Xu once ordered Nan Zhengguan to be responsible for offering sacrifices to the gods; Li was appointed as an official of the Fire Administration (one is Beizheng), in charge of civil affairs. Zhuan Xu carried out another important religious reform. When they arrived in Zhuan Xu, the Jiuli people conquered by the Yellow Emperor still believed in witchcraft and worshipped ghosts and gods. Zhuan Xu banned witchcraft and forced them to obey the education of Huangdi clan, which promoted the integration between clans. Legend has it that the king of Chu is his descendant. Qu Yuan claimed to be the Empress Zhuan Xu in Lisao, and he belonged to the same clan as the King of Chu.

Di Ku:

One of the five emperors in the ancient history of China, Ji, Ming Jun, Ming, grandson of the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor, and Zhuan Xu as his uncle.

Di Ku entered Zhuan Xu on 15th, and was named Xinyou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and Diqiu (now Puyang). On 30th, he was awarded the throne of Zhuan Xu, both in Bo (now southwest of Yanshi County, Henan Province). They reigned for 70 years and enjoyed a hundred years of life. Buried in Yinyeqiu Mountain south of Puyang Dunqiu. Many ancient documents think that Di Jun is Di Ku. The Classic of Mountains and Seas Huang Da Nan Jing records that the Emperor has some descendants, such as Zhongrong, Yanlong, Heichi and Ji Li, who were born ten days ago and two months ago.

Legend has it that the source of the river is Xichuan, that is, Hou Ji, the ancestor of Zhou; The second princess Zhu Di was the ancestor of Shang Dynasty. Fang Xun was born in the second princess celebration; The second princess is always polite and sincere. Nine years later, Emperor Zhi ceded the throne to Emperor Yao. Confucius thought that Di Ku "gave generously, but not in his body. Smart knows the distance, smart observes the micro. Benevolence with power, benefit with faith, and follow the righteousness of heaven and earth. Know the urgency of the people, cultivate one's morality and help the world, and take the wealth of the land and save it. Teach the people and benefit, welcome them after birth, and respect ghosts and gods. Its color is also harmonious, its virtue is also heavy, and its service is also sad when it moves. " Cao Zhi wrote Ode to Di Ku and said, "My ancestors came from Xuanyuan, and I was born with my name. Mudd ruled the world. Funing Heaven and Earth, a sacred guest, teaches all over the world and is bright. "

Yao:

Yao, whose real name is Tao, is one of the five emperors in the ancient legend of China. "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" records: there are two sons-wisdom,; After Di Ku's death, he passed it on to Zhi, that is, Zhi Di; Emperor zhi is not good, give way to Yao. When Yao was in power, his benevolent policies made people love him and all countries respected him. Yao's capital is in the south of Shanxi. "Historical Records Yao Dian" records that Yao Ming, how to observe the astronomical phenomena, and give time to the people; Yu's father was ordered to control water, but unfortunately he failed; Yao thought that his son was tyrannical and fierce and did not pass it on; Later, because of Shun's virtue, it was passed on to him.

Shun:

Shun is one of the three emperors and five emperors in ancient legends of China. Historians are not sure whether Shun is a real person. It is generally believed that China's civilization began to enter the farming era in the Shun era, which is the beginning of morality. Legend has it that Shun was transferred from Yao to Yu. Bai Yang, a writer, believes that Shun did not rely on Yao's abdication, but on usurping power, cultivating his own wings and raising Yao's power by "removing four fierce men and raising sixteen faces". Later, Yu made the same mistake. The so-called "Shun Nan Zheng, collapsed in the wild of Cangwu, was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River". The actual situation may be that he was exiled by Yu and died on the way, because the Jiangnan area of China was still a wilderness in ancient times, and Shun was an old man. It is illogical to go hunting in the wilderness. The following are some records about Shun in the Zhou Dynasty: Mencius: Shun was born in Xiafu and died in Mingtiao, also a native of Dongyi.

Mozi: The ancients plowed Lishan, Taohebin and fished for thunder. The battle of Yao is the grandson of Ze, and his administration is the peace of the world.

Guan Zi: Shun punishment is not strict, prohibition is severe, and the people return it.

Sima Qian's Historical Records said: The name of the world began in Yu Shun. He also said: Shun went hunting in the south, collapsed in the wild of Cangwu, and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River.