Wang Wei in my eyes

Wang Wei in My Eyes: Untitled Scholar in the Jade Tree

Is Wang Wei a great genius? There is no doubt about the answer. As far as talent is concerned, he has almost no rivals among the gifted scholars in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at painting and calligraphy, as well as music and calligraphy. He is an all-round artist, and this all-round development trend is beyond the reach of other talented people. However, it seems awkward to classify Wang Wei as a gifted scholar, because in our impression, a gifted scholar should have personality, temperament, quirks, affairs and so on besides talent. Wang Wei, on the other hand, is a little more talented, with a small temper, not weird, and treats people like ordinary people. Kant, a great philosopher, said that gifted scholars are unreasonable, while Young said that gifted scholars do not take the usual path. These statements do not apply to Wang Wei. Among those charming gifted scholars, Wang Wei is too quiet to be a gifted scholar.

Wang Wei's quietness, in his own view, may be the embodiment of self-cultivation. Because he is a nobleman, aristocratic children should naturally cherish their feathers at all times and pay attention to their every move. There are some disputes about Wang Wei's native place, and different historical books have different records. According to Old Tang Book, Wang Wei was originally from Taiyuan (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), and his father, Chu Lian, the former Sima Wang of Fenzhou, moved his family to Yongji County, Shanxi Province, which was later Hedong County, so he became a Hedong person. Others say that Wang Wei is a Jingzhao person or a wicked person. Why do people care so much about Wang Wei's native place, and still keep talking about it? Because native place is so important to Wei Wang, different native places bring not only the difference between urban hukou and rural hukou, but also the difference between Beijing hukou and rural hukou, which is incomparable.

"The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties" said that the prime minister Xue Yisheng was prosperous, and only three things bothered him, that is, he didn't have a Jinshi, didn't marry a woman with five surnames, and didn't have the opportunity to compile national history. Those two things related to education will be solved quite smoothly today. As a "prime minister", as long as he hints that no matter how famous the university is, he will be happy to send his doctor's degree and professor's title to the door, and famous scholars who write history books will be happy to put his name at the top of the editorial board. It's just that marrying a woman with five surnames is more troublesome. Li, Wang, Zheng, Lu and Cui Shi are all noble, and even the emperor's daughter has little interest. I don't think they care about the ordinary prime minister. When Tang Wenzong married his daughter, he found that the nobles were very modest, so he flew into a rage and said that I had been the son of heaven for two hundred years, and it was worse for Cui and Lu.

Emperor Tang is also among the "five surnames". Why can't he get the approval of the relevant gentry? Because not all the top five surnames in the world are aristocrats, only Qinghe or Boling Cui Shi, Lushi, Zhaojun or Longxi Lee, Xingyang Zheng and Taiyuan Wang are authentic. The Emperor of the Tang Dynasty was known as the Li family in Longxi, but some people thought that they were formidable Hu Hua, while others said that they were "broken down" in a big family (as Chen Yinque said). In short, the gentry in Shandong (east of Lushan Mountain) are skeptical about their lineage. If Wang Wei is from Hedong, Jingzhao and Langxie, although he may still be a branch of the Wang family in Taiyuan, he is not as orthodox as the Wang family in Taiyuan after all. It is clearly recorded in the history books that Wang Wei's mother was Cui Shi of Boling, and at that time, there were many five surnames who were married internally, which also proved that Wang Wei was indeed of pure blood.

Being born into a noble family has many advantages. First of all, you will receive a good and systematic education. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty said that Wang Wei could write articles at the age of nine. There are many prodigies who can dance and write at the age of nine, but few of them can become successful when they grow up. Prodigies can rely on talent, success requires good quality, and quality depends on education and training, so now the whole country is clamoring for "quality education". Like Zhong Yong in Wang Anshi's mouth, Wang Wei is as smart as ever, but his family environment is far better than Zhong Yong's, so his comprehensive quality is better. Zhong Yong can only write poems, and has no chance to tap and cultivate other potentials, so he can only "wander around the country", that is, make a living with the local rich people and cannot enter the social circle of the upper class.

Wang Wei's comprehensive quality is good. He is proficient in everything except poetry, chess, painting and calligraphy, which is enough to "envy the nobles". Actually, it's the same. Around the age of fifteen, Wang Wei left his hometown and came to Chang 'an, wandering at the door of the powerful. Xue Yongwei, a native of the Tang Dynasty, recorded in Historical Records: "Success is weak at the end of the year, and the article is named. Exquisite temperament, wonderful pipa, wandering among nobles, especially among kings. " The meaning of this passage is that when Wang Wei was quite young, the article was very famous, and he was also proficient in temperament and played the pipa very well. He often performs in the Royal Palace, especially in Wang Qi. Xue Yong's weakness is that he doesn't catch shadows. In order to improve the reading rate, he just talks nonsense. His statement was recognized by the great poet himself. Looking through Wang Youcheng's collected works, we can see some poems, such as "From the King of Qi to Teach Young's Career", "From the Banquet of the King of Qi to the Wei Family Mountain Pool" and "Borrowing the Summer Education of the King of Qi's Jiucheng Palace". It seems that the poet was proud of it in his early years. Even after he matured, he became famous, so he must be very concerned about this beautiful life.

Wang Wei, who often associates with the princes of the Tang Dynasty, became their guests. At this time, Wang Wei was very young and had his own position and principles. He was very different from the people around Jia Zheng in A Dream of Red Mansions and could satirize those princes. Li Xian, King Ning, was the eldest brother of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. He once gave the position of the prince to Xuanzong, and he seemed very sensible. But after all, it is a prince, especially after Xuanzong acceded to the throne. With the respect of Xuanzong, he also made some things that usurped power and caught people's attention. Once, when he saw a cake seller's wife, who was "white and beautiful", he couldn't help saying that he gave the cake master some money and took her home. More than a year later, Wang Ning wanted to know whether she still missed the baker, so she called the baker and asked them to meet. As a result, the wife who sold the cake met the baker. "Tears fell on her cheeks, which was too much for her." At that time, besides Wang Ning, there were more than a dozen scribes such as Wang Wei, who saw this scene "without exception". Wang Ning suggested that if there is such a scene, there can be no poetry, so everyone should write poetry on this theme. Wang Wei was quick-witted and was the first to write poetry.

Don't spoil the present, but forget the past. With tears in my eyes, I can't see Wang Chuyan.

The title of this poem is "Mrs Xi". Mrs. Xi was originally the wife of the monarch of the interest-bearing country in the Spring and Autumn Period. After the king of Chu destroyed the country, he took her as his own. Although Mrs. Xi gave birth to two children for the king of Chu, she kept silent and never spoke to the king of Chu. Wang Wei said that although small people can't make their own choices, it doesn't mean they don't have their own choices. Mrs. Xi used silence to resist humiliation. Ning Wang was embarrassed to see Wang Wei compare him to the dissolute king of Chu, but he had "spoiled dozens of prostitutes, all of whom were artistic" and regarded robbing the baker's wife as a game and a dream. To show his generosity and elegance, he made up a literary story and gave it back to the baker.

In fact, the taste of traveling to Beijing at a young age is not good. Sometimes Wang Wei has to float to Luoyang for needs. Throughout this period, Wang Wei's "Living in the Mountain and Thinking of Shandong Brothers" can roughly understand the poet's gloomy mood. However, for the future, he doesn't have many choices. The benefits of Wang Wei's "encirclement and suppression of nobles" are far greater than those of Zhong Yong's "encirclement and suppression of people". It is said that this is how Wang Wei became famous. "Ji Yi Ji" said that there was a man named Zhang Jiugao who became famous and later embarked on the road of princess. The princess personally wrote to the Beijing Zhao examiner and suggested that Zhang Jiugao be the solution. Wang Wei happened to take the exam this year, so he reported his thoughts to Wang Qi, hoping to get his protection and help. This disambiguation king is Li Fan, the younger brother of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. At that time, the family was very famous, and even great musicians like Li Guinian often went to his house. Du Fu can testify to this for us. Later, in his poem "On Meeting Li Guinian Downstream", he said that it was "common in Qi Wang's family".

After listening to Wang Wei's idea, the King of Qi felt very embarrassed. What if I can't help Wang Wei at this time and it seems too embarrassing, but the princess has a bigger position? "You can't fight for the prosperity of your Lord. I am painting for my son. " It means that we don't storm, we just have to outwit Wang Wei to prepare some poems and a new pipa, and come to see him five days later. Wang Wei arrived as scheduled with these things. Wang Qi said, as a scholar, is there any other way for you to meet the princess? Now that you have thought it over, will you listen to my arrangement? Wang Wei agreed. So Wang Qi took out "gorgeous clothes, fresh and exotic" for Wang Wei to wear, that is, dressed as an avant-garde and fashionable artist, as we often see on the stage today. In this way, Wang Qi took Wang Wei and his party to the Princess House and said that an art salon would be held for the Princess. Wang Wei is a noble, impeccable figure, "young and white, charming and beautiful", which stands out among this group of artists and is quite eye-catching. His temperament is estimated to be far better than that of "super man", which immediately attracted the attention of the princess. The princess immediately asked Wang Qi about Wang Wei, who casually said that he was a musician and asked Wang Wei to play a new song. Wang Wei's caressing the pipa is also a "golden lever". Music sounds "like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade", and his voice is mournful, with tears all over his robe. The princess was very surprised. The King of Qi struck while the iron was hot, saying that the young man was not only proficient in temperament, but also a gifted scholar, and no one wrote more poems than him. The princess was more curious and asked Wang Wei to take out his works and appreciate them. Wang Wei took out the poems he had already prepared from his arms and handed them to the princess. When the princess saw them, she was surprised and said, "I saw them a long time ago and thought they were written by the ancients." I didn't expect them to be written by you! " So he immediately asked Wang Wei to change clothes and replace his strange clothes, which meant that he was not regarded as an artist, that is, as an "actor", but as a guest and a scholar. Wang Wei, who regained his academic status, became more confident. He was eloquent and humorous in the salon, and soon conquered the surrounding audience with elegant speech, charm and knowledge. The king of Qi seized the opportunity and said to the princess, "If you teach Jingzhao House to use this person as bait this year, it will certainly become the glory of the country." The princess asked, "Then why not teach him to accept the job?" The King of Qi told the whole story and said, "I heard that you gave the order to Zhang Jiugao." The princess smiled and said, "how can I care about these children?" Because others plead, I don't want to give Zhang Jiugao. " Then he turned to Wang Wei and said, "If you pass the exam, I will fully recommend you as a solution." In this way, with the personal support of the princess, Wang Wei met the first place in one fell swoop.

The different experiences of Wang Wei and Zhong Yong show us the importance of "quality education". Since ancient times, only taking exams may not necessarily lead to excellent results. Han Yu, who can write articles, "raised four things in the ritual department and three things in the official department" and fought for a long time in the examination room; Meng Jiao, who can write poetry, was "proud of the spring breeze and horseshoe disease" when he was nearly sixty years old. It is estimated that these people are inferior to Wang Wei in both appearance and artistic quality. Chen Ziang, a Sichuanese, is ugly and doesn't know music, but he has money at home and can spend a lot of money. He bought an ancient huqin that no one knew, and fooled a group of scholars into not knowing the north and the south, so he was able to win the first prize in one fell swoop. In this way, today, we should still pay high tribute to those parents who have tried their best to cultivate the artistic quality of the next generation.

It's just that this story is not necessarily true. According to relevant historical records, when Wang Wei went to take the exam at the age of 19, Zhang Jiugao mentioned in the article had already understood the classics. Experts searched repeatedly, but could not find a princess more powerful than the king of Qi. Around the seventh year of Kaiyuan (7 19), the more powerful princesses, such as Tang Zhongzong's daughter Princess Anle, have driven the crane to the west, and Princess Changning has retired to a different place, while Zong Rui's daughters are relatively low-key, and Xuanzong's daughter is too young. It is said in the Biography of Talented People of Datang that this princess is Princess Yu Zhen, but I don't know what the basis is. Wang Wei has a poem called "The Star of Wind and Prosperity: Princess Villa in Zhenzhen has ten rhymes because of its stone walls". It seems that their relationship is far away. However, the first prize in Wang Weizhong was still true, which was in the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), when Wang Wei was 2 1 year old.

Wang Wei, the top scholar, was appointed as Tai Lecheng, who is also a professional counterpart. Taiyue Department specializes in offering sacrifices to music and dance, with Cheng as the deputy. It's a pity that it didn't take long for Wang Wei to join the army because he saw something he shouldn't have seen and enjoyed music and dance that he couldn't appreciate. "Historical Records" said: "(Wang Wei) danced the yellow lion for the actors and sat down as an official. The yellow lion is not a person who doesn't dance. " It is clearly stated here that only one person is allowed to appreciate the Yellow Lion, and that is the Ninth Five-Year Plan Emperor. Wang Wei used his power to enjoy the yellow lion dance, which was trespassing and a big sin. It may be difficult to understand this kind of crime in today's art regardless of national boundaries and race. However, considering that leaders at a certain level were allowed to equip their families with the original Jin Ping Mei in the early years, everyone should accept this fact.

Wang Wei's silence is related to his family environment, personality and experience. My retreat in Zhongnanshan is one of his masterpieces:

After middle age, I have a strong kind heart, and I didn't settle down at the edge of Mount Zhongnan until my later years. Interest concentration is often unique to play and have a happy thing to enjoy self-appreciation. Sometimes go to the end of the water to seek the source, or sit and watch the ever-changing clouds rise. Occasionally I met a village elder in the Woods, and I chatted with him until I often forgot to go home.

Here is the pleasure of writing about Wang Wei's seclusion. Wang Wei said that after he reached middle age, he paid great attention to the way of keeping in good health. Later, he settled on the edge of Zhong Nanshan, and his life was more leisurely. When my interest came, I wandered around alone and walked casually. Wherever I went, I unconsciously came to the end of the running water, and there was no way to go. I just sat down and watched the clouds change. I met an old man in the mountains, talking and laughing, and forgot the time to go home. This kind of life looks beautiful, and it takes a lot of courage and perseverance to really live it. Many people say that such poems fully show the poet's natural and detached style. Wei Wang's relaxed and free-spirited side is very eye-catching, but it may not be all of him. Mr. Lu Xun once said that Tao Yuanming, a reclusive poet, was not quiet all over and was on cloud nine all day. He also has a "king kong glare" side. Wang Wei said that he was "my middle-aged heart found a way, and I came to live at the foot of this mountain". He only said that his life after middle-aged and old age was very calm, which shows that his mood may not be calm in his youth.

In the autumn of the first prize, Wang Wei left Beijing and went to Jeju to join the army. Jeju is in the southwest of Renping, where Wang Wei stayed for more than four years. During this period, Wang Wei was very depressed. A talented and passionate young man, who has just entered the official career, is full of expectation and infinite longing for the future. However, he found himself forgotten in a remote corner, and the taste in his heart can be imagined. It's a long night, and before dawn, the poet can't stand loneliness. Four years later, he resigned from the judicial army and left Jeju to live in seclusion. Two years later, I returned to Chang 'an and lived in seclusion for a long time. At this time, Wang Wei has not shown his indifferent and detached nature, and has a strong yearning for being an official. In the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), Meng Haoran went to Chang 'an to catch the exam. The following winter, he returned disappointed and wrote a poem for Wang Wei:

I waited slowly and reluctantly, day after day, until now I had to leave. Old friend, how sweet the roadside flowers would be if they didn't mean goodbye. The lords of the kingdom are very hard on us, and the people who handle affairs are not our own kind. You should just be lonely, and I will close the door of my old garden.

Meng Haoran said that in such a big capital, no bosom friend is a senior official. He waited for such a long time, and there was no news at all. It seems that I can only go back to my hometown in Xiangyang and spend my life in loneliness. Legend has it that Meng Haoran was depressed because of his failure in the interview. He was chatting with Wang Wei when Tang Xuanzong suddenly came. He had nowhere to hide, so he had to hide under the bed. Later, when Xuanzong learned about it, he asked him to come out and recite poems. He has countless good poems, but he chose "Going back to Nanshan at the end of the year" and said that he was "I was expelled because of a mistake, and I was sick by a wise ruler for so long, and I didn't see my friend". Tang Xuanzong was very angry and felt wronged. He said, "You don't want to be an official, and I haven't abandoned you. Why do you accuse me? " So he sent Meng Haoran back to Nanshan. This is just a legend. At that time, Wang Wei himself had not found a way out. How could Tang Xuanzong visit him? Look at the poem he wrote to Meng Haoran:

Dumen didn't come back, so he died. This is the best policy to advise you to go back to your old residence. Drunk singing Tian She wine and laughing at ancient books. Good is a lifetime thing, there is no need to give up children.

He advised Meng Haoran to go back to his hometown and live in seclusion honestly. He didn't have to work so hard to come to Chang 'an to try out officials, so he spent his life in the country. What will happen after winning the first prize? Is it not a black eye, idle in Chang' an? Of course, Wang Wei is just complaining here. He came to Chang 'an from Qi, a secluded place, and had some ideas. During his years in Chang 'an, he did not stop his activities. About thirty-four years ago, Wang Weixian's poems in the book made Zhang Jiuling. Later, I was picked up by the son of heaven and wrote a poem of thanks for "Dedicating the Beginning to Promote the Public":

Habitat in the wild forest rather than drinking water. You don't have to sit on the beam to see the princes. It's a man's day, and brown clothes will get old. Ren Zhicheng is short, so it's good to keep his position. I heard about Mr. Da and asked the Party and Naoto Kan. I don't sell public tools, but I move for a living. Cheap son knelt down from Chen, but he didn't explain. I appreciate the public discussion, but I don't ask for it.

It is hard to imagine that such a poem was written by Wang Wei, who was detached and indifferent by nature. First of all, he said that those literati who live in seclusion in Shan Ye are short-sighted, but they observe the festival of "everyman", and men don't do it. Then he praised Zhang Jiuling's selflessness and welfare for the whole people, which deserves the admiration of the whole world. Finally, "kneeling on one knee" means that he was moved by Prime Minister Zhang's high morals and bright days, hoping to enter his account and solve problems for the court. Zhang Jiuling is a poet among prime ministers and a master among poets, with a strong artistic temperament. Naturally, he looked down on political skills. As a result, he soon lost the battle with Li and left the capital. It is said that his departure marked the beginning of the decline of the Tang Dynasty from its peak. Wei Wang's mood also fell from the peak to the bottom. Although he was also an official in North Korea in the next few years, his life was neither salty nor light. He is always wandering in idle posts such as picking up the remains, supervising and remonstrating, filling vacancies, and treasury doctors. In the meantime, I also went to Hexi to celebrate our time, and stayed in the frontier for a while, leaving many good poems, such as "Out of the Great Wall" and "To the Frontier", which showed us the generous side of the poet.

What makes Wang Wei completely silent is that he had the experience of being a "fake official". In June (756), the fifteenth year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan captured Tongguan and then marched into Chang 'an. The old books in the Tang Dynasty said that Xuanzong was "lucky", and the new books in the Tang Dynasty said that Xuanzong was "exploring the west", but the fact is that Xuanzong fled in a hurry and arrived in Sichuan. Sichuan is really a good place, especially during the war. The emperors liked it very much. Later, Tang Xizong and President Jiangdu of the Republic of China went there for "luck" or "hunting in the west". In fact, the people of Sichuan very much welcomed the arrival of these emperors. In times of crisis, the fact that the emperor can choose Sichuan itself shows a kind of trust, not to mention that many places of interest are worth a hundred times because of the emperor's "trip".

As soon as Xuanzong fled, court officials immediately divided into several factions. Some were loyal and fled with the emperor, some actively cooperated with the new king An Lushan, some tried to escape from Shan Ye by themselves, and some wavered and did nothing. What kind does Wang Wei belong to? Limited historical materials, dare not talk nonsense. Should belong to the category of loyalty. The Book of Old Tang Dynasty says that he is "not obedient like a thief", which means that he was captured before he could escape, that is to say, he had the heart to escape, but he hasn't put it into action yet. This alone is much better than Zhou Zuoren's unwillingness to "follow". Later facts further proved that Wang Wei was really not a "traitor". Zhou Zuoren stayed in Peiping, and when someone shot him at the gate, he obediently surrendered to the Japanese. When Wang Wei saw that the momentum was wrong, he immediately took medicine and got dysentery, pretending to be sick. What kind of strategy is this? It is an "uncooperative movement" advocated by Gandhi, an Indian, and can also be understood as a form of resistance.

An Lushan didn't let him go. "Old Tang Book" said, "Lushan, knowing his talents, sent people to meet Luoyang, detained him in Bodaiji and forced him to use a fake agency." Being famous in troubled times can also bring troubles. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty also said that An Lushan made Wang Wei do his duty because he cherished talents. Wang Wei himself claimed that he was a fake official under the shadow of swords. When writing an epitaph for Wei Bin, who is also a fake official, he described his experience like this: "A gentleman is an ape who throws a threshold, and a courtier is a lost dog. If you are sick, you will escape to guess the prisoner. Those who can't drink spoons for ten days, those who can't leave in October, those who come with white blades and those who keep red sticks. The knife ring builds the mouth, and the halberd fork neck binds the thief court. " He said that when An Lushan went to Beijing, ministers were like monkeys in cages, and small officials like himself were like lost dogs, living in constant fear. Later, I took medicine and said that I was sick and was ready to abscond. As a result, the rebels were alarmed and arrested. I haven't eaten much for more than ten days, just in the locked room. The guards outside put knives, guns and sticks around his neck, tied the poet into jiaozi and sent him to their office in Anlu.

In this way, An Lushan did not pity Wang Weiyou for his talent. Wang Wei claimed that he was forced to become a fake official after being tortured and humiliated. The direct and powerful evidence is a poem written by Wang Wei during this period. This poem has a long title, to the effect that when he was detained in Bordet, his old friend Peidi came to visit him. He said that the traitor An Lushan held a banquet beside Ningbichi, accompanied by the royal orchestra of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei burst into tears and secretly possessed it. He wrote this poem for Pei Di:

Every family is sad and crazy, and every official wants to go to heaven. Autumn leaves of Sophora japonica fall in vain in the palace, and orchestral music is played in the pool.

This poem is worth thousands of dollars. In October of the second year of Zhide, the Tang army recovered Luoyang in Tokyo, and more than 300 surrendered puppet officials were taken to Xijing Chang 'an for trial. Big leaders such as Chen Xilie were detained in Dali Temple and Jingzhao Prison, while civil servants or small leaders such as Wang Wei were detained in Yang's old house in Xuanyangli. Two months later, the "Regulations on Punishing Traitors" was promulgated, and it was divided into six grades according to the size of crimes: those who committed the most heinous crimes were executed in the vegetable market; Give it a second-class suicide; One hundred second-class staff; Third-class exile and relegation. Wang Wei's crimes should at least be exiled. In the end, he not only got Tang Suzong's understanding, but also made him the post of Prince Zhongyun. Why? According to experts, there are three reasons: first, I wrote the poem mentioned above to show my loyalty; Second, his brother Wang Jin proposed to cut the official in order to save his brother; Third, Cui Yuan, then prime minister, extended a helping hand. It is said that when Wang Wei and the great painter were still locked up in Yang's old house, Cui Yuan returned to Beijing from the big ravine and had a big house to decorate. He often fished out these three people and painted murals for his family. If in the prosperous times of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, these painters would protect their identity and artistic dignity anyway, but now they are grasping the lifeline of painting murals for the prime minister and exerting their intelligence desperately. The book says that they are "clever in thinking and quite unique in art". In this way, the prime minister also saw it in his eyes and kept it in his heart, and helped them at a critical moment.

Tang Gaozong loved talents and forgave Wang Wei, but later scholars were unwilling to let him go easily. Wu Shidao, a famous figure in Yuan Dynasty, saw the painting "Wangchuan Villa" preserved by Wang Wei, and wrote a paragraph saying, "(Wang) is elegant in Uygur language, lofty in manner, detached from the mountains and forests, and suspicious of it. Moreover, the location is glorious, and the dirty thief can't die. That is a tired picture, but it is a pity. " It means that Wang Wei's poems are well written, elegant and have the charm of a fairy. However, he was in a high position and became a prisoner, but he did not die, which affected the value of his paintings. In other words, Wang Wei should be like a chaste woman in later generations. Once a disciple sees his arm, he will either cut it off or hit the wall. After Wang Wei lost his virginity, he did not choose to commit suicide. Wu Libu thinks that no matter how good his paintings are, we should not like them. Some people say that Wang Wei's poems are not well written and not worth reading at all. Zhu, a scholar in Dali, said: "Wang Wei's poem was named Kaiyuan, and he was caught in the Lushan rebellion. He couldn't die at the hands of thieves, but he was lucky not to be punished. Its people are not enough to speak of, although the words are elegant, they are also weak and powerless. "

Wang Shizhen, a great writer in Ming Dynasty, compared Li Bai, Du Fu and Wang Wei, three great poets in Tang Dynasty, and regarded them as the best among them. However, there are also some criticisms about Wang Wei's honesty. In "After Poems by Li Bai, Wang Wei and Du Fu", he said: "Mo is weak, so you can't kill An Min, and his intention is not to use it. I have realized Zen in my life, and I have left my hometown, no wife, no care, and I can't quit. This is off limits. You can't be sent away by yourself. What is Bai Xiangshan's so-called' veteran honor subsidy'? " Wang Shizhen deeply felt that Wang Wei died without being a martyr, and was puzzled by the phenomenon of "veterans' honor subsidy". Wang Wei was not proud of his early career, but since then, he has become more and more bureaucratic. Shortly after he became Prince Zhongyun, he added a bachelor's degree in Jixian Hall, moved the illegitimate children of Prince Zhongyun and Mr. Zhongshu, and transferred them to the activity site. Finally, he became an official. These positions are unimaginable before he was contaminated.

In his later years, Wang Wei became more and more official, but his heart became colder and colder. A "reply to Zhang's agreement" spoke his mind:

With the passage of time, please give me peace and get rid of all kinds of things. I think that there is no brilliant strategy to serve the country, only to retire to the mountains and forests. Wide wind, the wind in the shade, the moon shining on the right to play the piano. To know the truth about the poor, please listen to the fishing songs in the deep water.

There is really nothing worth his concern at this time. His wife passed away 30 years ago. He seems to be used to being alone for so many years. He bought the Song Villa in Lantian and played the piano and wrote poems with Cui Xingzong and others all day. With the salary of the imperial court, he seldom deals with specific government affairs, and everyone takes it for granted. For example, in today's Writers Association, some writers are paid by the state, so they may not deal with specific things because they are as busy with their own creation as Wang Wei. The only difference is that when the poems written by Wang Wei are finally published, they don't need government funding, while some of our writers today need government funding to publish and reward their novels. Let's take a look at some good poems written by Wang Wei in Wangchuan: Chai Lu.

No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.

House of Bamboo

I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.

Nei Nei

The branches of the topmost hibiscus flowers are full of scarlet calyx in the mountains. The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall.

Wang Wei's "Time goes by, but it gives me peace and everything is free" is also because he is a Buddhist. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty said that Wang Wei worshiped Buddhism and fasted. The more prosperous he became in his later years, he invited dozens of monks to have dinner with him every day and was proud of his mysterious conversation. There is nothing else in the room except a teapot, a mortar, a box and a rope bed. After retiring from the DPRK every day, I burn incense and sit alone, taking meditation as my career. Before he died, because his younger brother Wang Jin was in Fengxiang, he suddenly asked for a pen and wrote him a farewell letter. He wrote many farewell letters to relatives and friends in his life, urging them to practice Buddhism. Wang Wei is really pious. His mother, Cui Shi, respected the Zen master as a teacher and devoted herself to Buddhism for more than 30 years. Brother Wang Jin worships Sanzang with an empty heart, and he is a follower of esoteric Buddhism. Wang Wei's "Magic" of the same name is based on Vimalakīrti classics. He wrote the Magician's Monument, and the whole article was written in Buddhist. The teachings of Buddhism are deeply studied and will naturally be revealed in poetry. Everyone praised Wang Wei's exquisite paintings. Wang Wei ridiculed himself that he was a painter in his last life: "I used to be a poet, but my predecessor should have been a painter." I can't give up my studies, and I am occasionally known to the world. " Although it is a joke, Wang Wei still has some ideas about reincarnation in his heart. Especially in old age, problems such as birth, illness and death cannot be avoided. How can we get rid of them? Sitting alone in the autumn night, I said:

Sitting alone and worrying, I want to have two more. The fruit fell in the rain and the grass screeched under the lamp. White hair will change eventually, but gold will not. To know how to get rid of senility, only learning Buddhism can't be destroyed.

The so-called learning "no life" means understanding the reality of no life and no death. We can't prove how much Wang Wei learned, but he never achieved immortality. At the age of sixty-one, he went to heaven in the west. However, his image of "Shi Fo" will never die out like many of his poems. His official position before his death was Shangshu Youcheng, and everyone later called him "Wang Youcheng". Because Wang Changling is known as "the poet's son of heaven", Wei's readers are unconvinced, saying that Wang Wei is like "holding the son of heaven to make princes", not the son of heaven among poets, but better than the son of heaven.