Cao Yu's literary common sense

The definition and characteristics of literature common sense drama is the art of actors playing roles on the stage and publicly performing stories.

Drama is a comprehensive stage art, which shapes the image of stage art, reveals social contradictions and reflects real life with the help of literature, music, dance and art. It is a literary genre.

Drama is inseparable from drama conflict, which is manifested in the conflict of characters and a series of actions. The basic elements of drama are contradiction and conflict. Reproducing the life of social struggle through the concrete stage image can arouse the audience's strong emotional reflection and achieve the purpose of social education.

Drama is the art of actors performing on the stage, so it should be restricted by the stage and meet the needs of performance. This determines some of its characteristics: First, it represents conflicts and struggles in social life more typically and intensively.

Second, the time and place of stories are often very concentrated, and the number of people who appear is also limited. Third, the character and story line are mainly expressed by the language of the characters on the spot.

Fourth, the development of the story is often divided into two parts: several terms and several major elements of drama: including stage description, drama conflict, characters' lines and so on. Drama language includes lines (that is, character language) and stage description.

1. conflict: it is the expression of contradictory struggle. Mainly through the conflicts between people, it shows the contradictions and conflicts between advanced and backward, progress and conservatism.

Drama conflict should be more intense, typical, concentrated and dramatic than life conflict. 2. lines: it is the language of the characters in the play.

It is characterized by character and action, that is, a character's language is linked with his actions. The forms of expression of lines are: dialogue, monologue, narration (the role on the stage leaves other roles to talk to the audience), inner white (talking backstage), subtext (that is, there is something in the words, meaning is intentional, and there is a sound outside the strings).

In fact, it is a polysemy phenomenon in language) and so on. 3. Scene: Scene, that is, opening the stage curtain once, a scene is a relatively complete section of the play.

The scene, that is, the opening of the second act of the stage, is a relatively small part of the play. 4. Stage description: It is a description of some points of attention to help directors and actors master the plot.

The contents of the explanation are about time, place, characters, scenes, actions and expressions of characters in scenes, appearances and exits of characters in scenes, "effects", opening and closing, and so on. Iii. Drama classification: 1) According to the forms of expression: drama (such as Thunderstorm), opera (such as White-haired Girl), dance drama (such as Rain on Silk Road), pantomime, etc. 2) According to the complexity and structure of the plot: one-act drama, full-length drama (such as Thunderstorm); 3) Times reflected by themes: historical dramas (such as Qu Yuan) and modern dramas (such as thunderstorms); 4) According to the nature of the conflict: tragedy (such as Qu Yuan), comedy (such as The Merchant of Venice) and drama (such as The White-haired Girl) 5) According to the performance occasion: stage play, radio play, TV play, etc.

The knowledge of drama literature refers to various specific scripts. Different from other literary works, the purpose of writing plays is not to read, but to perform.

Great dramatists like Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare have written dozens of plays in their lifetime. Therefore, the law of writing plays is bound to be restricted by the law of stage art.

The characteristics of drama literature are as follows: first, it is necessary to concisely reflect life, concentrate characters, time and scenes in the limited time and space where dramatic conflicts are strong, so that the small world on the stage can accommodate the big world as much as possible, and artistically reproduce the complicated real life on the stage with shorter space, fewer characters, fewer scenes and simpler events. Second, the language in the script, mainly the language of the characters (lines), must be personalized. The characters with certain personality are the language from the heart and spit out from the mouth.

Let the audience see the confrontation between the characters through dialogue, produce a sense of action, and thus show the plot. Third, there must be concentrated conflicts.

Only conflict can promote the development of the plot. Without concentrated conflict, there would be no drama. Dramatic literature is not a narrative style like novels, but a first-person narrator. Only by letting the characters appear and speak in their own way can the opposition and conflict of the characters be formed and the "drama" be created.

Fourth, we should skillfully arrange the structure and layout of the script, so that the development and ending of the plot are very clever, even fascinating and unpredictable, and enhance the dramatic effect. The classification of drama literature is diverse.

From the nature of content, there are tragedies, comedies and dramas (tragicomedy); There are drama, opera, ballet, musical and poetic drama in expression; From the structural form, there are one-act dramas and full-length dramas; From the classification of themes, there are historical dramas, modern dramas, pantomime and so on. Drama, opera and ballet drama literature are classified according to artistic forms and expressions, including drama, opera and ballet.

Drama is characterized by dialogue as the main means of expression. Dialogue must be a standard literary language, easy to understand, easily accepted by the audience and suitable for reflecting life.

Opera is a dramatic form that combines vocal music and instrumental music, so it is also called musical. Some operas only have vocals, no monologues and dialogues, while others have both.

The lyrics and music of opera are very important, and the language of lyrics should be the language of poetry. Dance drama is a dramatic art that integrates dance, music and drama.

Its characteristics are: the development of the plot and the shaping of characters are mainly expressed by the actors' dance movements (and musical language). There are two kinds of dances in drama: plot dance is used to express the plot of the drama, and performance dance is used to describe the time and environment of the plot. Drama is divided into one-act drama and drama according to its structure and capacity.

A one-act play is a short play with its own scene. Due to the strict time and scene restrictions, it is required that the plot structure be compact and the contradictions and conflicts unfold rapidly, and the basic parts of the plot-beginning, development, * * and ending should be shown.

Full-length drama is a big drama. Large capacity and complicated story.

Because it is divided into scenes, the interval of time and the transfer of space can be expressed by changing scenes, which brings inconvenience to the stage performance.

Please help me introduce some literary knowledge about drama.

I. Overview: Drama 1. Definition: See the first paragraph on page 162 of the textbook. 2. Features: (1). The script must be suitable for stage performance.

The performance should be limited by time and space, and the big events that happened in different places for a long time should be concentrated on a limited stage and displayed in two or three hours. See paragraph 4 (2) on page 162 for the knowledge of "three unifications". There must be concentrated and sharp contradictions and conflicts.

Drama reflects the contradictions and conflicts in real life. Without contradictions and conflicts, there would be no drama. Conflict is a reflection of social contradictions, which has a certain development process and constitutes the plot structure of the script.

The plot structure of the script can be divided into: beginning-development-* *-ending. Introduction: Introduce the relationship between characters and reveal the development of contradictions and conflicts. Describe the ups and downs of the plot, rising wave after wave, and push the contradictions and conflicts to the point of * * * step by step. * * *: Contradictions and conflicts reached a climax, showing a situation of rapid transformation. The ending is the inevitable result of plot development and conflict resolution.

Conclusion: echo the preface, enlighten the ideological content of the script, and arouse people's association and prospect. (3) The characters' language and actions must conform to their respective identities and characteristics. 3. The script depicts the means by which characters promote the plot and express their thoughts: (1), and the stage description includes the list of characters, stage art, environment, voice, gestures, movements, expressions and psychological activities of characters going up and down, and dialogue between characters.

(2) dialogue and lyrics of characters: including monologues, narrators and dialogues. It is the main part of the script, and its task is to unfold the plot, prompt the character's character and express the theme.

(3) Structural form: divided into scenes. The tomb is a big unit, and the field is a small unit. 4. Drama classification: (1), different artistic forms and expressions: drama, opera, ballet, poetic drama, musical drama and cross talk drama.

(2) The complexity and structure of the plot are different: full-length drama and one-act drama; (3) The themes reflect different times: historical drama and modern drama; (4) The nature and expression of conflicts are different; Tragedy, comedy, drama (tragicomedy). (5) Different regional colors: Beijing Opera (Beijing), Shanghai Opera (Shanghai), Henan Opera (Henan), Shandong Opera (Shandong and Jiangsu), Sichuan Opera, Han Opera (Hubei), Chu Opera (Hubei and Jiangxi), Shanxi Opera (Shanxi) and Huangmei Opera (Zhejiang). (6) Different performances: stage plays. 19 10 was born in a declining feudal family in Tianjin. In the fourth grade of Tsinghua University, 1933 completed his first novel Thunderstorm by full-length play, which showed his artistic talent for the first time with its profound ideological content and superb artistic skills, and caused a shock in the drama world.

"Thunderstorm" is my first movie * * *, maybe I cried. After Thunderstorm, Cao Yu wrote Sunrise, Peking Man, Yuan Ye and other plays.

Thunderstorm and Sunrise are his greatest masterpieces. After liberation, Cao Yu had plays such as Clear Sky, Brave Sword and Wang Zhaojun.

The symbolic meaning of the title The title of Thunderstorm not only points out the natural climate in which the dramatic plot takes place: the weather is darker and hotter. Low-humidity air is extremely irritating. "

This weather finally led to lightning and thunder at night, and it was stormy. Parallel to this bad weather, a devastating thunderstorm is brewing in this feudal family and finally erupts: * * *, Zhou Chong was electrocuted and Zhou Ping shot himself ... The thunderstorm in Nature and Family actually symbolizes the increasingly acute social contradictions.

With the title Thunderstorm, the author vividly tells people that in the semi-feudal and semi-colonial China in the 1920s, an earth-shaking social change was inevitable. Lao She Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, was born in Manchu.

1899 was born in a poor family in Beijing on February 3rd. Lao She entered a private school at the age of seven. After the May 4th Movement, she tried to write her first short story "Jason Chung" in vernacular Chinese.

1924 went to England and worked as a Chinese lecturer at Oriental College of London University. Three satirical, humorous and funny novels, Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Zhao Ziyue and Ermayina, came out one after another, providing the earliest satirical novel system in the history of modern novels.

/kloc-after returning to China in the spring of 0/930, he became a professor at cheeloo university in Jinan and Shandong University in Qingdao. 1in the summer of 936, Lao She resigned from her teaching post and engaged in professional writing, completing the famous novel Camel Xiangzi, which gained great reputation.

"After the July 7th Incident, he left his wife and children, went to Wuhan and Chongqing alone, bravely devoted himself to the flood of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement, and presided over the work of the All-China Anti-Japanese Federation of Literary and Art Circles. He attaches great importance to drama creation. During the period from 1939 to 1943, he independently completed or co-authored nine plays, including Remnant Fog, Zhang Zizhong and Return to Xi.

1946 went to the United States to give lectures with Cao Yu, and completed the last book of 1 10,000-word masterpiece Four Generations under One roof. 1949 returned to China.

He used to be the vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the vice chairman of China Writers Association. 195 1 was awarded the title of "People's Artist" by Beijing people.

After the Cultural Revolution began, he was brutally persecuted and committed suicide on August 24th. 1966. Lao She is one of the pioneers of China's new literature since the May 4th Movement, an outstanding modern language artist, a patriotic writer and people's artist who enjoys world reputation.

He is famous for his novels, dramas and Quyi, and also has outstanding achievements in prose, poetry and essays. He wrote more than 10 novels, more than 70 short stories, more than 30 plays, a 4000-line long poem and nearly 300 short poems, and nearly 20 translations. , more than 8 million words. His works enrich the treasure house of the world's progressive literature.

William shakespeare (1564— 16 16) was an outstanding dramatist and poet in the English Renaissance. 1564 was born in a wealthy family.

He studied in a grammar school, but later dropped out because his father went bankrupt. 2 1 year-old, went to work in the London Theatre, and soon took to the stage to act and began to write plays and poems.

Most of his works are poetic dramas, including King Lear, Hamlet and Othello. & gt Romeo and Juliet >; & gt& lt

3. Common sense of literature 1. Shakespeare's long poems () and () were masterpieces at that time. 2. Drama can be divided into love issues.

1. Shakespeare's long poems (Venus and Anthony) and (Liukelisi) were masterpieces at that time. 2. Drama can be divided into different types, such as tragicomedy (Thunderstorm by Cao Yu), opera (Sanjie Liu) and ballet (white-haired girl). 3. The Book of Songs represents the brilliant achievements of China's ancient poetry. (Xu Yunfeng), the main figure in the history of entrepreneurship (Liang Shengbao) 5. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Bai Pu's Wu Tongyu are both based on the story of Emperor Yang Guifei of the Tang Dynasty. Guo Moruo and Cao Yu have historical dramas of the same name () (The last one may be wrong. Guo Moruo and Cao Yu did not create historical dramas together, but Guo Moruo created them in the Tang Dynasty.