Brief introduction of Yinchuan

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1, geographical location

Yinchuan is located in the middle of Ningxia Plain in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Bordering Yanchi County in the east; West of Helan Mountain, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is connected to Tongxin County, Litong District of Wuzhong City and Qingtongxia City in the south; Pingluo County in the north is adjacent to Otog Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (bounded by the Ming Great Wall). Its geographical range is 37 29' ~ 38 53' north latitude and 65 438+005 49' ~ 65 438+006 53' east longitude, with a total area of 949 1.0 square kilometers. In 2005, the urban built-up area was 94.96 square kilometers, and the laying scope of urban public facilities was 1 10 square kilometers.

2. Topography

The topography of Yinchuan city is divided into two parts: mountains and plains. It is higher in the west and south, lower in the north and east, and slightly inclined from southwest to northeast. There are various types of landforms, which are divided into Helan Mountain, alluvial plain, alluvial plain, alluvial lake plain, valley plain and flood plain from west to east. The altitude is between1010m ~150m, the ground slope is about 2‰, and the soil layer is thick. Helan Mountain in the west of Yinchuan is a middle-high mountain with northeast trend. The total length is about 150km, and the width is 20km ~ 30km. The highest peak is 3556 meters above sea level, which is a natural barrier to prevent northwest cold air and sandstorms from driving directly to Yinchuan. Helan Mountain is nearly 70 kilometers in Yinchuan, covering an area of 58,800 hectares. The mountains are high and steep, and the momentum is magnificent.

3. Soil water system

The soil types in Yinchuan area are divided into 9 categories, 28 subcategories, 48 soil genera and more than 500 soil species or varieties. From Helan Mountain to the west main canal, there are mainly mountain calcareous soil, meadow soil and gray cinnamon soil. The eastern alluvial plain is mainly irrigated and silted soil formed alternately by long-term irrigation and farming, and lacustrine soil and saline soil are distributed in some low-lying areas. Irrigation and siltation soil has moderate soil quality, good physical and chemical properties, high organic matter content and wide adaptability to water and fertilizer conservation. The diversity of soil types is very suitable for the development of agricultural production and the growth of various cash crops.

Yinchuan is rich in surface water, good in water quality, rich in sediment and fertile. There are many ditches, lakes and wetlands in this area. The Yellow River is the main river in Yinchuan, which flows through Yinchuan for more than 80 kilometers and runs through the north and south. The Yellow River gravity irrigation has been introduced into Yinchuan Plain for more than 2000 years. The main canal of Yellow River Diversion includes Tanglai, Han Yan, Huinong and Gan Xi, with an annual water diversion capacity of 1 100 million cubic meters. There are more than 0/000 irrigation and drainage channels/kloc-which are thousands of kilometers long, forming a complete irrigation and drainage system combining irrigation and drainage, and ensuring the irrigation of more than 0/0.3 million hectares of farmland.

4. Lake wetlands

In the history of Yinchuan, due to the continuous diversion of the Yellow River, there are many lakes and wetlands. There was a saying of "seventy-two lakes" in ancient times, but now it has the reputation of "Lake City on the Plug". There are 39,700 hectares of wetlands in the city, mainly lake wetlands and river wetlands, of which natural wetlands account for more than 60% of the wetland area, nearly 200 natural lakes and more than 20 lakes, with an area of 100 hectares. The famous ones are Cuiming Lake, Yuehai Lake, Hequan Lake, Hubao Lake and West Lake. Yinchuan wetland is rich in animal and plant resources. There are more than 0/90 species of wetland plants and 0/50 species of wetland wildlife, including 5 species of national first-class protected animals, such as black stork, merganser, white-tailed sea eagle, bustard and bustard, and 0/9 species of national second-class protected animals, such as swan. Yinchuan wetland is one of the important bird habitats in northwest China.

5. Natural resources

Yinchuan area has both mountains and rivers and diverse landforms, and is influenced by natural conditions such as climate and soil, forming a variety of animal and plant resources. Yinchuan Plain is flat and open, with fertile land, criss-crossing ditches, abundant water resources, abundant sunshine, abundant heat and superior natural conditions. Known as "Jiangnan" since ancient times, it is an important production area of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. There are many natural lakes in Yinchuan, with tens of thousands of hectares of natural water surface, good water quality and lush aquatic plants in the waters, which has the superior conditions for the development of aquaculture. Helan Mountain Area is the only natural forest resource in Yinchuan. The total area is 26,700 hectares, with natural secondary forest 1.23 million hectares and forest coverage rate of 22.8%. Forest species mainly include spruce, Chinese pine, Populus davidiana and other trees, as well as elm, apricot and other shrubs. In addition, there are more than 40 kinds of wild medicinal plants, and 32 kinds of rare animals protected by the state are roe deer, red deer, blue pheasant, blue sheep and fox. At the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, the climate, soil and geographical conditions are close to or even better than Bordeaux, a French high-quality grape producing area, and it is one of the best ecological areas for high-quality grape cultivation in the world. The mineral resources in Yinchuan area include coal, hematite, flux limestone, flux dolomite, flux silica, phosphate rock, cement limestone and diabase. Helan stone is "stony and shiny, used for making inkstone, breathing raw water and easy to care for hair". Since ancient times, it has had the reputation of "two or three Helan Mountains at one end" and is one of the "five famous inkstones" in China. Lingwu mining area is rich in coal, oil and natural gas reserves, especially coal reserves with high calorific value, low ash, low sulfur and low phosphorus, which also occupies a very important position in the whole autonomous region and even the whole country.

6. Climate characteristics

Yinchuan and its counties (cities) belong to a typical mid-temperate continental climate. The main climatic characteristics are: four distinct seasons, short summer in late spring, long winter in early autumn, large temperature difference between day and night, scarce rain and snow, strong evaporation, dry climate, heavy sandstorm and so on. The annual average temperature is about 8.5℃, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2800 ~ 3000 hours, which is one of the regions with the most solar radiation and sunshine hours in China. The annual average precipitation is about 200mm, and the frost-free period is about 185 days.

In 2006, the general climate characteristics of Yinchuan City and its counties (cities) in 2006 are: the annual average temperature is high, the annual precipitation and sunshine hours are mostly less, the annual average relative humidity is 5 1%, the average wind speed is 2.3 m/s, the annual evaporation is less than the average evaporation in previous years, and the frost-free period is 197 days. Details are as follows:

Temperature In 2006, the average annual temperature in Yinchuan and its counties (cities) was between10.1℃ ~1.0℃, which was higher than normal1.2℃ ~ 2.1. Among them, Yinchuan City and Yongning County are on the high side all the year round, while Helan County and lingwu city are on the high side except that it is 0.6℃ and 0.3℃ lower in September respectively. In March 10 ~ 12 and April 10 ~ 12, there were two cold wave weather processes in Yinchuan, and the whole temperature was above 12℃. The lowest temperature on April 12 is -3℃ ~-5℃. From June 16 to June 19, there was dry and hot wind weather in Yinchuan. The highest temperature in Yongning County on June 16 was 36.3℃, and that in lingwu city on June 30 was 36.6℃.

In 2006, the annual precipitation in Yinchuan and counties (cities) ranged from 143.2 mm to 195.8 mm, of which Yinchuan was 9.5 mm more than normal. Yongning, Lingwu and Helan counties (cities) are less than 1 1.2mm, 37.4mm and 35.4mm respectively. On June 28th, thunderstorms and strong winds occurred in most parts of Yinchuan, with the maximum instantaneous wind force reaching 8-9, and hail occurred in some areas. On July 14 ~ 15, a regional rainstorm occurred in Yinchuan. Among them, the precipitation in Yinchuan City reached 1 12.5 mm, and that in He Lin Town, lingwu city reached 130.6 mm, both of which were the largest daily precipitation since meteorological records were recorded.

In 2006, the annual sunshine hours in Yinchuan and counties (cities) ranged from 2665 to 3069 hours. Compared with the same period of last year, except for 57.6 hours in lingwu city, other districts and counties have 239.3 to 240.2 hours less.

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