How did the ancients predict that a typhoon was coming?

Many local signs (including astronomical phenomena and physical phenomena) can predict whether the typhoon will affect the local area to some extent. These signs are the accumulated experience of working people in China in dealing with "God" for thousands of years, including:

(1) Long wave: Also called surge. When the typhoon is still far away from the ocean surface, a special wave can be seen spreading from the center of the typhoon to the seaside. The top of the wave is round, and the wave is not high (usually only one or two meters high). The distance between waves is long, which is different from ordinary spires and short-distance waves. Long waves look round and have a heavy sound. It will turn into rolling broken waves, often raising the water level on the coast and making the waves rough. When you see this scene on the coast, and with the passage of time, the long wave is getting stronger and stronger, which shows that the typhoon is moving towards you.

(2) Sea roar: Sea roar is also called sea noise or sea sound. Two or three days before the typhoon came, the roar of the sea could still be heard along the coast. Its buzzing sound image is the sound of a distant plane, which is particularly clear and loud in the silent night. When the sound gradually increases, it means that the typhoon is approaching; If the noise decreases, it means that the typhoon is gradually leaving. There is a cave facing the sea in Zhoushan Islands, Zhejiang Province. A few days before the typhoon comes, there will be sea noise. Fishermen take measures to prevent Taiwan according to this omen, and the effect is good.

(3) Taima: This is an experience gained by fishermen in Fujian and other coastal areas according to the sky phenomenon. When the typhoon center is about 500-600 kilometers away from the coast, coastal fishermen can see the clouds scattered on the eastern horizon like silk, spreading like fans from the horizon (called convergent cirrus clouds in meteorology), about 6000-700 meters high, and beautiful rosy clouds will appear in the sky in the morning or at night. The masses call it ".

(4) Wind cable: Coastal fishermen are used to calling the luminous rays in the sky, that is, three or five blue stripes radiating upward from the eastern horizon across the sky "wind cable". This is because there are many towering convective clouds in the typhoon area. When the typhoon approaches, when the sun is blocked by rows of cumulonimbus clouds near or below the horizon, dark blue stripes will appear in the sky, and sometimes they will cross the sky.

(5) Breaking the rainbow: There is a proverb among fishermen along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong that "when the rainbow is broken, the sky will change". This "the sky is going to change" means that a typhoon will strike and bring storms. Broken rainbow, also known as short rainbow, is a semi-rainbow that appears in the southeast sea. It doesn't have the solitary bend of the common rain rainbow, and its color is not bright. It usually appears at dusk. Because the rainbow breaking is formed by the low-altitude water droplets around the typhoon refracting sunlight,

(6) Wind direction: among fishermen, there are stories of "one bucket of east wind and three buckets of rain" and "the north wind in June flooded the chicken coop". The proverbs of "three fights for rain" and "flooding the chicken coop" all refer to typhoon storms. This is because most typhoons come from the vast ocean surface in the southeast. When a place is affected by the airflow outside the first half of the typhoon, it often appears in the west, north and east directions. In other words, this is a sign of a typhoon. This is also the meaning of the proverb "East wind turns north, twisting ropes to bind houses". However, sometimes before the typhoon comes, some places are almost motionless, the sea is as calm as a mirror, and the moon shadow is clearly reflected on the sea. Therefore, there is also the experience of "the moon shines under the sea, and the wind dominates", which is also caused by the typhoon.

(7) Jellyfish ears: Jellyfish is one of the marine creatures that can hear infrasound waves generated between typhoons and waves. Infrasound with a frequency of 8- 13 Hz impacts the tiny otolith (the ball on the slender handle) in the jellyfish's ear; Listening to stones stimulates nerve receptors on the "ball" wall. In this way, the jellyfish can vaguely hear the roar of the coming typhoon, so they leave the shore and swim to the sea to avoid being hit by strong winds and waves. The forecaster made by people imitating the characteristics of jellyfish consists of a horn, a vibrator receiving infrasound waves, a piezoelectric transducer converting vibration into electric pulses and an indicator. This instrument is installed on the deck of the ship, and the horn rotates 360 degrees. The indicator shows the intensity of the storm brought by the typhoon.

(8) Sea fire: Two or three days before the typhoon comes, spots and patches of phosphorescence can be seen on the surface of the sea, constantly flashing, sinking and floating. Fishermen call it "sea fire" or "floating sea lamp" In fact, these are some luminous plankton, such as noctiluca, Ceratophyllum, phosphorus bacteria, krill and so on. There are also some fish parasitic with phosphorus bacteria floating on the surface of seawater. Some larger fish, such as dolphins, tend to gather on the sea surface. Deep-sea fish also come to the shallow sea with the current, even whales can be seen, and sometimes some floating deep-sea fish and benthic organisms, such as sea snakes, can be found floating on the sea surface and intertwined.

(9) The phenomenon of fish floating up: mainly due to the typhoon waves driving them to gather offshore, or the low-frequency storm sound waves can't be heard by people, but some fish and shrimp in the sea can feel it, so they are frightened and scattered; Or because the air pressure in the typhoon area drops obviously and the oxygen content in the seawater decreases, the fish will float up. It is said that some marine creatures like to breed in this meteorological condition, so they float on the Shanghai surface in droves. Of course, dirty seawater and tumbling sediment are the reasons why shallow-sea fish and benthic organisms float to the surface of Shanghai.

(10) seabird landing phenomenon: Before the arrival of the typhoon, you can also see a large group of seabirds rushing to land. Sometimes birds are so tired that they fall on the boat or on the sea, and even there is a strange phenomenon that groups rest on the deck and refuse to leave no matter how you expel them.

Second, the ancients recorded the typhoon and the countermeasures.

There are many records and descriptions about typhoons in China ancient history books and local chronicles. There is a record of "Eight Winds" in A Tour of Shi Lan, which proves that as early as more than 2,000 years ago, the ancient people in China observed and studied the wind in great detail. The word hurricane appeared earlier in China ancient literature. Shen Huaiyuan in the Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties recorded in the Chronicle of South Vietnam: "Hurricane Xi Amdo, hurricane, winds in all directions; When you say that you are afraid of the wind, you often say that you are afraid of the wind in June and July. "Before the arrival of a hurricane or typhoon, there will be a special kind of wind called' refining wind'. It is recorded in the ridge record that "there is a rainbow in summer and autumn, which is called the mother hurricane, and there must be a hurricane", which is the earliest typhoon weather forecast record. After the summer solstice, there will be a north wind, and there will be news from Taiwan Province. After three or four days, the station will suddenly come, at least day and night, for three days at most, or from south to north, or from north to south. After the summer, the southern atmosphere was destroyed by the north wind, which made it extremely depressed, so it was extremely excited and turned to the north. Because the north wind is impenetrable, the south wind rises and the north wind depresses.

However, in ancient times, people believed in traditional myths. People usually regard them as fengshen, jade and silk, dragon king, etc., and worship them in order to bless them. It is obviously unscientific to describe the typhoon as the roar of God.