What happened to the dead leaves of Qin Ye Mudan? I watered it, but it still hasn't changed. I really don't know what to do.

Ranunculus ternatus, also known as Qin, is a perennial herb.

Scientific name: Ranunculus asiatica

Alias: Ranunculaceae in Persia: Ranunculaceae.

Introduction: Leaves are like celery and flowers are like peony, hence the name "Qin". It is a perennial herb. The plant height is 20 cm ~ 40 cm, the roots are spindle-shaped, and a constant number of them are clustered around the root neck; Stems solitary, or rarely branched, hairy; Basal leaves are broadly ovoid, with long stalks, cauline leaves sessile, and 2-3 pinnately compound leaves; Flowers solitary or terminal, 3 cm ~ 4 cm in diameter; The flowering period is from April to May. Distributed in Asia and Europe. Now it is cultivated all over the world. There are many cultivated varieties, including double petals and semi-double petals, and the colors are white, pink, yellow, red and purple. Reproduce by sowing or dividing plants. Like a cool and ventilated environment, require semi-shade; Cold tolerance, poor growth in high temperature and high humidity environment; Dormancy in summer, suitable for growth in fertile and loose sandy loam. Places with better microclimate in North China can protect them from wintering. Gardens can be used for planting flower beds, grasslands and forest edges, potted plants or cut flowers. Variety types and commonly used varieties' ancient paintings' series are commonly used imported potted plants. New Paradise' is an excellent variety with short, large and double petals newly bred by the Potted Flower Research Institute in Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province.

morphological character

The color, shape and depth of pinnate or trifoliate palmate compound leaves are different at different growth stages and different individuals. Cotyledons are oval, young leaves are less engraved, and true leaves are more engraved in the later stage. Under the condition of low temperature in winter, the leaves are clustered and flat and overlap. There is a big dark brown root in the underground part, which is full of feet and looks like the root of Dahlia. It can be propagated by single plant, but it is inconvenient to operate and the proliferation rate is low. It is rarely used for asexual reproduction of excellent single plants in production. The difference in the size and number of tuberous roots reflects the nutritional level of bulbous roots, which not only affects the plant size, tillering number and growth of tuberous roots in the early stage of germination, but also affects the number of flower stems in the future.

Root tuber for potted flower cultivation

Generally, it is required that the number of small roots is more than 5, and the length of dry small roots is more than 1cm. The size, quantity, weight and shape of tuberous roots are closely related to the management of plants before dormancy. If the nutrient consumption is high during flowering, the supply of fertilizer and water is insufficient, or the temperature is too high to hibernate prematurely, or the artificial high temperature and drought cause sudden forced dormancy, the small roots will appear uneven in length, shriveled and small. After June, the aboveground part gradually withered and the root tuber dormant.

Ecological habit

Ranunculus ternatus has no physiological dormancy. The harvested root tuber is planted at 5℃- 15℃ and germinates after 2-3 weeks. Root tuber can be dried to control germination and can be stored for a long time. The root tuber of Ranunculus ternatus must be fully dried and stored, otherwise it will rot easily.

Seeds mature in May-June, about 1800 grains per gram. The seeds are flat and wrapped in a very thin film. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 10℃- 15℃, and it germinates in 2-3 weeks, but it cannot germinate when it is higher than 20℃ or lower than 5℃. After the root tuber absorbs water, at the night temperature of 18℃- 12℃, it can spread 10 leaves for 7-8 weeks, at which time the stem tip grows. Potted flowers of Ranunculus ternatus are generally produced by sowing, but the sowing method requires a high level of cultivation to produce high-quality potted flowers (sowing seedlings often have problems of insufficient nutrition level and few flowers). Therefore, it is also useful to sow to produce tuberous roots and use them to produce potted flowers in the next year. It is necessary to compare the cultivation cost and economic benefit of the two methods.

Growth condition

moisture

Ranunculus is native to Syria and Israel, where it is hot and dry in summer and rainy in autumn, so Ranunculus has the habit of growing in autumn and winter, flowering in spring and dormancy in summer. Its growth process needs a lot of water, and the lack of water in the early stage of growth will lead to short plants, small leaves, less tillering in the future, underdeveloped roots, less flowering, small flowers and low rate of double petals. Water shortage in the middle period will seriously affect flowering, with small stems, short flowering period, dim color and yellow leaves; In the later stage, plants lacking water will be forced to sleep, and the quality of root tuber is poor. But as a root flower, too much water is also in danger of root rot. Water supply must also be balanced and appropriate, and excessive drought or water damage will seriously affect growth. Water imbalance can also lead to root cracking. The general law of water demand in its growth process is that a certain degree of water is needed in the initial stage of cultivation, reaching the maximum at the initial stage of bolting, and then gradually decreasing.

Sunshine length response

Ranunculus is very sensitive to the reaction of day length. When sowing seedlings meet the conditions of long sunshine, they will bloom or stagnate ahead of time and start to form tuberous roots. Although this is related to the physiological maturity of Ranunculus ternatus, the most important thing is that long sunshine promotes flower bud differentiation. Although short-term sunshine will inhibit flowering, when the plant grows to a certain size, it can still differentiate into flower buds. This shows that Ranunculus is just a flower with long sunshine. Some people have tried varieties of cut flowers. Long-day treatment (4-hour interruption treatment from 22: 00 to 2: 00) blooms 45 days earlier than short-day treatment (8 hours) and 465,438+0 days earlier than natural treatment (CK). However, under the condition of long sunshine, the quality of flowers decreased, the flower diameter decreased by 2.5cm and the flower stem increased by 2-8cm. Compared with root tuber cultivation, the long-day response of seedlings is more obvious, flowering early and plant dormancy early. The effect of day length 12 hour is more obvious, but it will not bloom or bloom less when exposed to light for 20 hours, and the pedicel will be slender and the double petal rate will decrease. Under the condition of short sunshine, meristem activity is high, which promotes the formation of lateral buds. Therefore, it is not too late to plant Ranunculus in autumn, especially for sexual reproduction, so as to ensure adequate nutritional growth before long sunshine in spring, thus ensuring the quality of potted flowers (flower number, plant height, double petal rate).

temperature

The minimum growth starting temperature of Ranunculus ternatus is -5℃, and the minimum growth temperature is above 5℃. The growth rate is the fastest when the night temperature is 8℃ and the daytime temperature is 10℃- 15℃. When the temperature is higher than 20℃, the growth and development are poor, and above 30℃, the aboveground parts begin to wither, but the dried root tuber can withstand considerable high temperature. Low temperature treatment at seedling stage has a significant effect on growth period. Under the conditions of long day, short day and natural treatment, 4 weeks at 5℃ can lead to early flowering 14-20 days. Although buttercup doesn't like high temperature, it may rot under long-term low temperature conditions, especially when there is more soil moisture. In the vegetative growth period, the temperature should be controlled at 15℃-20℃ during the day and at 5℃- 10℃ at night. When the temperature difference between day and night is too large, the number of flowers will decrease, the rate of double petals will decrease, the stems will increase and weaken, and the quality of potted flowers will seriously decline. The flowering temperature is 13℃- 15℃ to prolong the flowering period.

soil environment

Ranunculus ternatus requires higher soil, and the soil with rich organic matter, good aggregate structure and suitable porosity is better, and the pH value is about 6.5. Key points of potted flower production technology by "root-tuber method"

Potted flowers are produced with small tubers sown and cultivated in the previous year as propagation materials. The "root tuber method" has the advantages of short production cycle, early flowering, short stem, high rate of double petals and good quality of potted flowers. The root tuber is dry when stored. If root tuber absorbs water quickly, most root tuber will rot. When the root tuber absorbs water, the temperature is too high and it will rot. Only low temperature water absorption is the safest and most effective, so it must be absorbed slowly below 5℃. The reason may be that the root tuber absorbs water quickly from the extremely dry state, and the strong expansion of cells will cause mechanical damage and physiological obstacles. The hyphae lurking on the surface of the root tuber will be more tolerant and easy to invade when absorbing water quickly. The root tuber that has just absorbed water, especially at high temperature, has very weak resistance to germs.

The method of low-temperature water absorption is to bury the root tuber in clean coarse sand, then spray water fully, and the excess water will leak out from below without accumulating water, and then put it into the cold storage at 1℃-3℃ to slowly absorb water. In the absence of cold storage, you can spread a layer of coarse sand in the shade, insert the root tuber upside down in the coarse sand, and bury the budding part, but most of the root tuber is exposed. Spray water frequently to ensure that the substrate is not dry. Soon, the tuberous roots swell, and after the central bud germinates and gives birth to new roots, it should be picked out and planted in time (the bud length should not exceed 1cm). In order to prevent root rot, well water or tap water from deep wells with low temperature should be used to spray water, and fungicides can be added when spraying. Don't lower the ambient temperature, use 60% sunshade net for shading, spray cooling facilities if possible, or accelerate germination in basement and air-conditioned room. When accelerating germination, we should prevent the danger of heavy rain, pay attention to the weather forecast, cover the film in time to avoid rain. For the convenience of management, the germinated root tuber was planted in a nutrient bowl of 10×8cm for centralized management. In order to prevent root rot, the soil on the bowl should be disinfected according to the source. 4m3/ can (860ml) bromothalonil fumigated for 2-3 days, after disinfection, uncovered the film and ventilated for 7- 10 days. The soil on the bowl should be wet. If it is too dry, fill it with water and use it the next day. When the soil passes through the top of root buds, the planting depth is 0.8- 1.0cm. Too deep is not conducive to the emergence of leaves, and too shallow is not conducive to rooting. Water should be controlled before and after emergence, and the basin soil should be kept moist. After the seedlings grow completely, the watering amount can be gradually increased. Fertilize 2-3 times at seedling stage, and the concentration is 0.8‰- 1.0‰. Use a small 5-inch clay pot or a plastic pot of 14- 16cm for the upper basin. The upper basin soil is high-quality compost 1/4 decomposed sawdust 1.0kg/m345% compound fertilizer. The planting depth is plain clods or slightly jumps. The original pot is shallow when the pot is deep, and shallow when the pot is shallow. The soil in the upper pot should not be too dry, and it should be watered once after planting. The edge of root seedlings is larger than that of ordinary flowers when they are put into pots, so as to prevent the roots from jacking up clods after they are full, which makes it difficult to water and fertilize.

Post-basin management

(1) temperature: The optimum growth temperature of Ranunculus ternatus is 15℃-20℃ during the day and 7℃-8℃ at night. Under the cultivation condition of plastic greenhouse, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is not higher than 22℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 0℃. Increasing the temperature at night is conducive to shortening.

In the growing period, proper reduction of night temperature is beneficial to compact plant type.

(2) Lighting: Try to give adequate lighting in winter.

(3) Moisture: Ranunculus likes water, and watering should be sufficient, timely and balanced. But too much water is harmful. On the one hand, buttercup is a bulbous flower, which is not tolerant to waterlogging. On the other hand, the air humidity in the greenhouse itself is high, and too much water will cause the epidemic of diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the mistake of watering too many times and not enough water every time. Water it thoroughly every time, and then water it after drying. Try to keep the air in the plant and the shed dry between watering to control the plant shape and diseases. However, the degree of dryness should be that the surface of the basin soil is dry and the leaves have no obvious wilting. Excessive drying will lead to the death of root hairs. If watering is suddenly resumed after drying, the leaves will turn yellow, the flowers will be poor and the roots will crack. Water as much as possible after budding, and spray is forbidden after flowering.

(4) Fertilization: once a week, the concentration is 1.5‰-2.0‰. 46% urea and 45% water-soluble compound fertilizer (mainly urea in the early stage and compound fertilizer in the later stage).

(5) Plant regulation: The growth and development of "root-tuber method" cultivation is mostly in winter, when the sunshine is short and the temperature is suitable, it will not grow in vain. Pull the pot once before and after budding. When pulling pots, separate large and small plants, and separate early buds from late buds. At the initial stage of budding, the buds grow leaves, and paclobutrazol (120- 150ppm powder, 8- 10g/ 10kg) is sprayed once as appropriate. Buds should be sprayed in batches in the morning and evening, and cannot be sprayed repeatedly.

(6) Pest control: The main diseases are Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and gray mold. Water should be reasonable, strengthen ventilation, and pull the basin in time; Pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene in the shed; Potted flower production sites should be disinfected in rotation; Found that the diseased plants should be handled in time; In the middle and late growth stage, it is supplemented with necessary drugs, such as 46% Jundujing, 55% Chlorothalonil, and 50% 500- 1000 times spray. The pest is mainly liriomyza sativae, which occurs in the first half of April. If insects eat mesophyll, it will cause serious harm. Control 1-2 times with 50% Robam. The advantages of "sowing" potted flower production technology are short production cycle, low cost, fast propagation and large output; The disadvantages are less flowering, late flowering, easy plant jumping, double petal rate greatly affected by cultivation techniques, high cultivation conditions and strict management requirements, otherwise the quality and finished product rate of potted flowers are low. The key points of production technology of sowing method are: sowing early in time, cultivating strong seedlings, paying attention to water and fertilizer management, advocating early planting, and properly applying dwarfing agents to control plant height.

grow seedlings

(1) sowing date: from late August to early September.

(2) Sowing amount: 2-3g/m2.

(3) Seed treatment: In order to go on the market as soon as possible, seeds should be soaked at low temperature to accelerate germination. After soaking the seeds in water for a day and night, wrap them with gauze, accelerate germination in an incubator or well at about 65438 05℃, and wash them once every morning and evening. Drain the remaining water after washing (the peels are membrane-like and gather together to contain a lot of water, which can be dehydrated by washing machine). After accelerating germination 10 days, seeds germinate, and a few seeds are sown immediately after germination. (4) Sowing: properly dry the seeds in the shade, mix in enough yellow sand, and then spread them evenly.

(5) Covering seed thickness: immediately after sowing, covering seeds with a thickness of 2-3mm. ..

(6) Post-sowing management: after sowing, cover the border with a layer of shading net, and cover the shed with a layer of 60% shading net, and spray water 1-2 times a day. Emergence occurs about 5 days after germination and 20 days after sowing of dry seeds. Pay attention to check the situation and remove the sunshade net with flat cover in time. The sunshade net on the trellis can be taken down in the evening after all the seedlings are planted and covered before 8 o'clock the next day, so that the seedlings can see weak light in the morning and evening. After heart-breaking, the time of light exposure gradually extended, and all-light cultivation was carried out after the shed was built in the middle and late of 65438+ 10. Fertilize once every 10 day after heartbreak, and the concentration is 0.5‰- 1.2‰. Pay attention to keep the seedbed moist in the early stage of watering, and pay attention to dryness and wetness in the later stage of seedling raising to prevent diseases and excessive growth.

(7) Seeding: 3-4 true leaves. Using 10×8cm nutrient bowl to divide seedlings, it is appropriate to skip the white part of seedling base at planting depth. The soil used for seedling separation should refer to the soil used for bowls in the "root tuber method", and the quality is better. When picking seedlings, pay attention to eliminate seedlings with long petioles, small leaves and short petioles, thick leaves and dark green. The former has fewer tillers, higher stems, smaller flowers and lower rate of double petals. The latter will be a short man in the future.

(8) Post-seedling management: Ranunculus ternatus seedlings are not easy to carry soil, and should be shaded for a short time at noon after seedling division. Most of the seedlings are in the middle of165438+1October-65438+February. If the temperature is low, increase the greenhouse temperature appropriately, 20℃-22℃ during the day and 8℃- 10℃ at night (the second and third floors should be covered early). After waking up, manage according to normal body temperature. When the heart leaves grow obviously, it means that they have awakened and can be managed normally. The initial concentration of fertilization is 1‰, and it can be 1.5‰-2.0‰ in the later stage. The main type of fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times. Fertilization is generally 10 once a day.

Shangpen

(1) Pot: The germination of sowing seedlings is smaller than that of rooting seedlings, the big seedlings are cultivated in a pot smaller than 5 inches, and the later seedlings are cultivated in a pot of 4.5 inches. The last seedlings can only be cultured in the original pot for bulbous production, and then removed when buds appear, so as to concentrate nutrition and promote the expansion of tuberous roots. All weak and sick seedlings should be removed.

(2) Pot soil: refer to the "root tuber method", but the quality is better, because the sowing method has a slower growth rate and a shorter growth period.

Post-basin management

Most of the management after planting pots can refer to the "root tuber method", but we should pay attention to the characteristics of "sowing method" in plant regulation.

(1) In order to promote the growth of trees, the first flower can be removed when it appears.

(2) In order to prevent the flower stems from jumping up, according to the actual situation, paclobutrazol was used once before the flower buds pulled out the leaves but did not appear color, and the concentration was 100- 120ppm.

(3) Fertilization is lighter and more diligent than "root tuber method".

(4) When flowering, the temperature rises and the light is enhanced. Attention should be paid to ventilation and cooling, shading as appropriate and prolonging flowering period.

Very good. . . . Didi copied online, not sorted. . More convenient. . . .

Supplement: There is a big dark brown small root in the underground part, which is full of feet and looks like the small root of Dahlia. It can be propagated by single plant, but it is inconvenient to operate and the proliferation rate is low. It is rarely used for asexual reproduction of excellent single plants in production.

The difference in the size and number of tuberous roots reflects the nutritional level of bulbous roots, which not only affects the plant size, tillering number and growth of tuberous roots in the early stage of germination, but also affects the number of flower stems in the future. Root tuber for potted flower cultivation

Generally, it is required that the number of small roots is more than 5, and the length of dry small roots is more than 1cm. The size, quantity, weight and shape of tuberous roots are closely related to the management before dormancy. If the nutrient consumption is high when flowering,

Insufficient supply of fertilizer and water, or premature dormancy due to high temperature, or sudden forced dormancy caused by man-made high temperature and drought, small roots will appear uneven in length, shriveled and small. After June, the aboveground part gradually withered and the root tuber dormant.

Ecological habit

Ranunculus ternatus has no physiological dormancy. The harvested root tuber is planted at 5℃- 15℃ and germinates after 2-3 weeks. Root tuber can be dried to control germination and can be stored for a long time. The root tuber of Ranunculus ternatus must be fully dried and stored, otherwise it will rot easily.

The root tuber is dry when stored. If root tuber absorbs water quickly, most root tuber will rot. When the root tuber absorbs water, the temperature is too high and it will rot. Only low temperature water absorption is the safest and most effective, so it must be absorbed slowly below 5℃. The reason may be that the root tuber absorbs water quickly from the extremely dry state, and the strong expansion of cells will cause mechanical damage and physiological obstacles, and the hyphae lurking on the surface of the root tuber are more likely to invade when absorbing water quickly. The root tuber that has just absorbed water, especially at high temperature, has very weak resistance to germs.

The method of low-temperature water absorption is to bury the root tuber in clean coarse sand, then spray water fully, and the excess water will leak out from below without accumulating water, and then put it into the cold storage at 1℃-3℃ to slowly absorb water. In the absence of cold storage, you can spread a layer of coarse sand in the shade, insert the root tuber upside down in the coarse sand, and bury the budding part, but most of the root tuber is exposed. Spray water frequently to ensure that the substrate is not dry. Soon, the tuberous roots swell, and after the central bud germinates and gives birth to new roots, it should be picked out and planted in time (the bud length should not exceed 1cm). In order to prevent root rot, well water or tap water from deep wells with low temperature should be used to spray water, and fungicides can be added when spraying. Don't lower the ambient temperature, use 60% sunshade net for shading, spray cooling facilities if possible, or accelerate germination in basement and air-conditioned room. When accelerating germination, we should prevent the danger of heavy rain, pay attention to the weather forecast, cover the film in time to avoid rain.