The lone wild goose flies south and passes by the court president mourning. Original text_Translation and appreciation

The lone wild goose flies south and passes by the court president mourning. ——Cao Zhi of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, "Seven Miscellaneous Poems·Part 1" The lone wild goose flies south and passes by the court president mourning. There is a sad wind on the high platform, and the morning sun shines on the northern forest.

My son is thousands of miles away, and the rivers and lakes are far and wide.

The Ark is very safe, but it is difficult to leave it alone!

The lone wild goose flew south and passed the court president mourning.

I yearn for people far away, and I would like to leave my legacy behind.

Suddenly disappearing, Pianpian hurts my heart. Scenery descriptions, memories and thoughts Translation and annotations

Translation

A sad wind often blows on the high platform, and the morning sun shines on the northern forest.

The people I miss are thousands of miles away, and the rivers and lakes are far and wide.

How can this boat arrive smoothly? It is really difficult to place my nostalgic heart.

The lone wild geese flying south passed the courtyard, and their long lamentations were really nerve-wracking.

Looking up at Lone Goose, I was thinking - I want you to bring a message to someone far away.

The lone goose flew past without paying attention, and the flying shadow made me even more sad. Appreciation

This is a poem in memory of distant relatives and friends. Although the distance between the author and this relative and friend may be due to the special reason of internal conflicts among the rulers, in the turbulent and wandering era of the late Han Dynasty and the early Wei Dynasty, it was a common phenomenon to be separated from each other without being able to reunite, or even see each other. Therefore, this poem can easily arouse excitement and is full of typicality and reality.

The beginning of this poem, "There is a sad wind on the high platform, and the morning sun shines on the northern forest" is actually a scene language and has no metaphorical meaning. And "the high platform is full of sad wind" is also an autumn scene. Climbing high is because you want to look into the distance, so you miss the people far away; and it is autumn, and the higher the pavilion, the more severe the wind will be. Therefore, the people who climb the pavilion will feel the heavier their mood due to the strong wind. sorrow. This sentence is concise and concise, opening up countless ways for future generations. This sentence was transformed into a fifty-six-word poem. Therefore, the reason why the five characters Cao Zhi can become a famous sentence is precisely because although it is a scene language, it actually means deep affection.

The next second sentence, "The morning sun shines on the northern forest", originally belongs to the scene language, but it is adapted from the first chapter of "Poetry·Qinfeng·Morning Wind". Therefore, the author's "Pian of Planting Pueraria" writes that the missing woman has a sentence of "wandering in the northern forest", and this article starts with "the sun shines on the northern forest". The ancients used the relationship between husband and wife and brothers as a metaphor for each other, which all started in "Three Hundred Poems" and are also common in Cao Zhi's poetry collection.

Since the previous sentence refers to Beilin, it implies the meaning of "I have not seen a gentleman, and I am worried" in the "Poetry", so the author immediately wrote "My son is thousands of miles away". It means that the person you miss is thousands of miles away, and the following sentence "the rivers and lakes are far and wide" is even more profound and full of emotion. Because the rivers and lakes block each other's messages on one level; and the "son" has gone thousands of miles away through such a long and difficult journey, and the physical and mental damage and torture he has suffered can be imagined, which is another level; besides, since his body is in It’s not easy to come back from a distant place in the future. Putting yourself in the other person’s shoes naturally makes it deeper.

The following two sentences are closely related to the sentence "Jianghu". The "Departure" is written in a very heavy and depressing way, which shows how much sadness and resentment there is in it. Although this is just for me, it actually shows that the person I am thinking of is also suffering from sorrow and resentment.

The next sentence "The solitary wild goose flies south" is realistic on the surface, that is, the author saw the solitary wild goose flying south when he climbed high and looked into the distance, but in fact it contains several meanings. In the past, the ancients used "flying geese" to describe brothers. Cao Biao was granted the title of Wu, which was like being exiled, much like Lone Goose traveling south; and because he was also like Lone Goose, he "passed the court" and "sent out mourning". Although "passing the court" is literally used in "The Analects of Confucius: Jishi Chapter", "carps tend to pass the court", it is actually a metaphor for one's entry into the court.

The last four sentences are "I yearn for people far away, and I want to leave my legacy behind. I suddenly disappear, and my heart is hurt." Li Shan's note: "Qiao means hanging." "Qiao Si" means "suspense"; "Admiration" means never forgetting. Not only did he miss the person far away when he saw the lone wild goose, but he also put his hope in the wild goose and asked it if it would be willing to carry a message for him. But the geese flew very fast, and their figures suddenly disappeared, which made the author even more dejected. "Pianpian" describes the appearance of a bird flying quickly. Even the lonely goose passed away, which shows that he has no basis for resentment. The conclusion seems to be unfinished and it is unbearable to read. He is a real master of writing emotions. Appreciation

The old theory is that this poem is mostly written by the author in memory of his brother Cao Biao, which is more credible. The recent "Cao Zijian's Poems and Notes" written by Gu Zhi was dated in 223 AD (the fourth year of Emperor Huangchu of Wei Wen). In this year, Cao Zhi moved from the king of Juancheng to the title of king of Yongqiu and once entered the dynasty. Gu Zhi believed that this poem was written when he entered the dynasty. Huang Jie's "Annotations to Cao Zijian's Poems" states that before Dang moved to Yongqiu, the two families were less than a year apart. At that time, Cao Biao was granted the title of King of Wu and his capital was Guangling (today's Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province). Ancient records say: "Guangling is the eastern end of the Wei Dynasty. Wu should be Guangling. Guangling is also the capital of King Wu of the (Western Han Dynasty)." Guangling was the southeastern capital of the Wei Dynasty at that time. The border is opposite Dongwu across the river and the farthest from the capital of Wei, so there is a sentence in the poem "My son is thousands of miles away".

The first two sentences of this poem are actually scene language and have no metaphorical meaning. Quoted from "Xin Yu" in Li Shan's "Annotations to Selected Works": "The high platform is a metaphor for the capital, and the sad wind is a metaphor for teachings. The rising sun is a metaphor for the king's wisdom, and the northern forest is narrow, and it is a metaphor for a villain." The following also goes: "The rivers and lakes are a metaphor for the villain's isolation. .

Later generations often followed his words. This makes two famous lines that describe the autumn scenery far-fetched and completely devoid of poetic meaning. There is also a line in the poem "The solitary wild goose flies south", which means it is said to be in autumn. , then the first sentence "There is a sad wind on a high platform" also belongs to the autumn scene. The reason for climbing high is to see far away, so it is also for people who are far away; and it is autumn, the higher the platform is, the more miserable the wind will be, and the people who go up the platform will feel more sad because of the strong wind. The mood is heavy and sad. The expression of sadness in the wind expresses the endless sadness of people. This sentence is concise and concise, and it has opened up countless ways for future generations. It is like the sentence "The bright moon shines on the snow, and the new wind is strong and sad." "It turns one sentence into two sentences; another example is Lao Du's seven lines of "Deng Gao" ("The wind is strong and the sky is high, the ape screams and mourns"), which directly transforms this sentence into a long poem of fifty-six words. Therefore, Cao Zhi's five poems The reason why the word is a famous sentence is that although it is a scene language, it actually expresses deep feelings. It is also a scene language, but it is adapted from the first chapter of "Poetry Qin Feng Morning Breeze". "Poetry" says: "The morning breeze is blowing, and the northern forest is gloomy. I don't see the gentleman, so I am worried." "Beilin is a place where women miss their husbands." Therefore, in the "Zhong Ge Pian", the author writes that the missing woman "wanders and walks in the northern forest", and this chapter also starts with "the morning sun shines in the northern forest". The ancients used the relationship between husband and wife and brothers as a metaphor for each other, starting from "Three Hundred Poems", which is also common in Cao Zhi's collection of poems. Beilin is pointed out here, which implies the meaning of "I have not seen a gentleman, and I am worried about him" in the "Poetry", so the author immediately wrote that "the son is thousands of miles away". Since the person I am thinking about is thousands of miles away, the following sentence "the rivers and lakes are far and wide" is even more profound and full of emotion. The rivers and lakes that block each other's messages are one layer; but the "son" has traveled thousands of miles away through such a long and difficult journey. The physical and mental damage and torture he has suffered can be imagined, which is another layer; besides, his body is far away , It will be even more difficult to come back in the future, and putting yourself in the other person's shoes naturally makes it deeper. Just write that the road is far apart, and you can't express the sorrow and regret of separation, so there is no need to add an extraneous branch and add an outsider "villain". Therefore, Li Shan's annotation is incorrect. The two sentences "Ark" are closely related to the sentence "Jianghu". "Ark", two boats combined, used by officials in ancient times; "ji", to. The rivers and lakes are far apart and cannot be reached by a boat, so it is "difficult to leave one's thoughts and take on tasks", and those who "take on tasks" are also burdened. The "Departure" is written in a very heavy and depressing way, which shows how much sadness and resentment there is in it. Although this is just for me, it actually shows that the person I am thinking of is also suffering from sorrow and resentment.

The above six sentences are the first paragraph; the following six sentences from the "Gu Yan" sentence are the second paragraph. "The solitary wild goose flies south" is realistic on the surface, that is, the author saw the solitary wild goose flying south when he was climbing high and looking into the distance, but in fact it contains several layers of meaning. The ancients used the metaphor of "flying geese" to describe their brothers. When Cao Biao was granted the title of Wu, he was no different from being exiled. He was already like a lone wild goose traveling south. Now he is also like a lone wild goose, so he "passes the court" and "sings in mourning". Although "passing the court" is literally used in "The Analects of Confucius: Jishi Chapter", "carps tend to pass the court", it is actually a metaphor for one's entry into the court. But the poem is still written realistically, so I see the lone wild goose wailing and I am "cocked, longing for people far away." Li Shan notes: "Qiao, hanging." "Qiaosi" means "suspense"; "admiration" means never forgetting. Not only did he miss the person far away when he saw the lone goose, but he also placed his hope on the goose and asked it if it would be willing to carry a message for him. But the goose Flying very fast, the image disappears suddenly, which makes the author even more sad. "Pianpian" describes the appearance of the bird flying so fast that even the solitary wild goose flies away, indicating that he has no reason to complain, and the conclusion seems to be unfinished. Cao Zhi (192-232), born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), was a famous writer in Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms and a representative figure in Jian'an literature. , the younger brother of Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi, was the King of Chen during his lifetime, and was given the posthumous title "Si" after his death, so he was also called King Chen Si because of his literary attainments. Later generations collectively called him the "Three Caos" together with Cao Cao and Cao Pi. Xie Lingyun, a literary scholar of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty, even commented that "there is only one person in the world, and Cao Zijian has eight buckets". Wang Shizhen said that Cao Zhi, Li Bai, and Su Shi were among the "immortal" poets in the two thousand years since the Han and Wei dynasties.

The orioles and tears are heard on the branches of Cao Zhi, and the old songs are among the new ones. The trees are falling in the south, and the north wind is rising on the river. When are the birds flying in the screen? The wild geese are frightened, the crows are rising in the city, and the golden partridges are blooming. The mangroves are blooming and the orioles are singing. The grass is growing and the egrets are flying. . People are tired of the hardships in the south, and the swans come from the north. Who knows that they are alone and sad? Yes, I live up to the diligent Du Yu. The orioles are singing and the butterflies are dancing in the sky. Moreover, the day is long and the swallows can speak. As the geese pass by, the trees in Huainan fall into the mountains of Chu.