Cardiovascular diseases are prone to occur in summer. What are the reasons?

Aunt Li, 65, was diagnosed with hypertension in a routine physical examination a year ago and has been taking medicine to control her blood pressure. However, with the arrival of summer, Aunt Li found that her blood pressure was lower than usual 10 mmHg during her daily blood pressure measurement. In addition, she also heard others say that people stop using antihypertensive drugs without authorization after their blood pressure is relatively low in summer.

After stopping taking antihypertensive drugs, Aunt Li will have chest tightness and asthma from time to time at night, but it will be relieved in an hour or so. Aunt Li thought it was caused by the hot weather in summer, so she didn't care.

One day it was too hot at noon. Aunt Li ate a popsicle and soon felt uncomfortable in her abdomen, a little dull pain, vomited several times and sweated profusely. Aunt Li thought it was because the popsicle she ate at noon was too cold. But until the evening, Aunt Li's discomfort did not ease. Even palpitations and precordial discomfort occurred, so I went to the hospital for gastroenterology.

The doctor said, "Do you have any other symptoms besides stomach upset after eating cold drinks?" "

Aunt Li said: "I have high blood pressure, but my blood pressure is lower than usual in summer, so I didn't take antihypertensive drugs." I often feel chest tightness and can't breathe recently. " Aren't my symptoms caused by eating cold drinks? Is it related to hypertension? "

The doctor said, "according to your description, you probably don't have stomach discomfort caused by eating cold drinks, but you probably have a myocardial infarction." I suggest that you let your family go through the hospitalization procedure first, and I will give you an ECG and myocardial enzyme examination. "

Aunt Li said, "OK doctor, I'll check it right away."

After the examination, it turned out to be acute myocardial infarction.

According to the patient's symptoms and examination report, the doctor obtained the following medical records:

Chief complaint: The patient is a 65-year-old female. I was diagnosed with hypertension a year ago, and stopped taking antihypertensive drugs more than a month ago because my blood pressure dropped slightly in summer. Symptoms of chest tightness and asthma appeared at night 20 days ago, and they relieved themselves after 1 hour.

After eating popsicles six hours ago, my abdomen felt uncomfortable and I felt dull pain.

The electrocardiogram showed V 1~V4QS wave, and the arch back of ST segment V 1~6 was raised upward. CK 30 10μL, AST826μ, LDH 31/UL, cTnI3.5μg/L were diagnosed as acute anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

The doctor immediately prepared an infusion for Aunt Li. At this time, Aunt Li suddenly twitched her limbs, turned blue, lost consciousness, and her carotid pulse disappeared. The doctor immediately performed chest compressions and artificial respiration on Aunt Li, and made an electrocardiogram examination at the bedside. The examination results show that Aunt Li has ventricular fibrillation. The doctor gave Aunt Li a 200 Joule DC electric shock to defibrillate. Aunt Li's heart rate, breathing and sanity gradually recovered.

Aunt Li's daughter was anxious and said, "doctor, is my mother's condition serious?" She was just fine. Why does she suddenly need to be saved? Can she be cured? "

The doctor said, "your mother's upset stomach is not caused by eating cold drinks, but by myocardial infarction." The situation remains grim. If you come half an hour late, the consequences will be unimaginable. Don't worry too much. At present, the patient has received treatment and is not life-threatening. "

The doctor immediately treated Aunt Li with electrocardiogram, blood pressure monitoring, blood pressure reduction, oxygen inhalation and intravenous thrombolysis. After active treatment, Aunt Li finally turned the corner.

Afterwards, Aunt Li's daughter asked the doctor, "My mother just ate a popsicle. How can there be such serious consequences? "

The doctor replied: "First of all, your mother suddenly uses cold drinks in a hot environment at noon, which will stimulate blood vessel contraction and increase myocardial oxygen consumption, thus causing myocardial ischemia and hypoxia." Excessive secretion of catecholamine will lead to thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction. Secondly, because your mother has high blood pressure, it is very dangerous to stop using antihypertensive drugs at will in summer. In addition to lowering blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs also have the function of protecting the target organs of hypertension such as heart, brain and kidney. Stopping taking antihypertensive drugs will accelerate thrombosis, cause left ventricular hypertrophy, make myocardial ischemia more serious, and even induce myocardial infarction.

Moreover, some patients with myocardial infarction do not have typical symptoms of heartache, but show symptoms of toothache, headache, sore throat, upper limb or back pain and even gastrointestinal discomfort. Summer is the high incidence period of angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, acute left heart failure, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Be sure to tell patients not to stop taking drugs without authorization and pay attention to healthy living habits. "

1. High temperature

Studies have shown that in areas where the temperature exceeds 30, the mortality rate of patients with cardiovascular diseases will increase by 3% for every increase in temperature of 1. Under the condition of high temperature, in order to dissipate heat, skin capillaries dilate, and the blood flow of subcutaneous blood circulation increases greatly, which is easy to cause myocardial ischemia. For people with myocardial ischemia or heart disease, it can cause cardiovascular diseases. In hot weather, human metabolism and blood circulation will be accelerated, the heartbeat will be accelerated, and the myocardial contractility will be enhanced. The heart can't bear these extra burdens, which will lead to myocardial hypoxia and thus induce cardiovascular diseases.

2. Alternating hot and cold, inducing myocardial infarction.

In summer, many people like to eat cold drinks and take a bath, and adjust the air conditioning temperature to the lowest. In fact, these practices are unhealthy. Like the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large in summer. If you suddenly enter a low-temperature room outside in hot weather, or take a bath with ice water, sudden cold stimulation will lead to rapid contraction of blood vessels, sudden increase of blood pressure, and even severe spasm of coronary artery, which will rupture coronary atherosclerotic plaque, and platelets in blood will gather on the surface of the ruptured plaque to form thrombus, which will suddenly block the coronary artery cavity and lead to myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Patients with high blood pressure and other risk factors, such as Aunt Li, eat too much cold food, which may also cause the consequences of acute myocardial infarction.

3. Increased sweating and sticky blood.

When the weather is hot in summer, people's sweat secretion will increase. When the blood viscosity continues to increase to a certain extent, it can cause blood to accumulate in blood vessels, which is prone to coagulation, or red blood cells gather in strings, gaps and distances become smaller, blood circulation resistance increases, and blood flow is not smooth, resulting in vascular embolism and atherosclerosis, thus triggering ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

4. Do not follow the doctor's advice to reduce medicine

Hypertension is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Many patients with hypertension, like Aunt Li in the above article, reduce or stop taking drugs without authorization when their blood pressure is lower than usual or even tends to normal level in summer, and then take drugs again after their blood pressure rises. This is very dangerous. Sudden and repeated drug withdrawal will worsen vascular elasticity and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. When blood pressure rises, it will make the heart beat with greater strength. After a long time, the overload pulse will lead to myocardial hypertrophy, which will lead to heart failure. Long-term high-level hypertension can also damage the blood vessel wall, leading to thrombosis.

Do not reduce or stop taking drugs without authorization, and take medicine according to the doctor's advice.

Compared with other seasons, human blood pressure in summer is lower, and some patients even tend to normal level. However, it is very dangerous to stop taking drugs at will and use drugs after blood pressure rises. If you find that your blood pressure is low in summer, you must adjust the dose according to the doctor's advice, and never decide without authorization. This is the first priority to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in summer.

Timely hydration, hot summer, more water loss.

Don't wait for thirst before hydrating, but pay attention to hydrating at ordinary times. At the same time, we can't ignore the supplement of salt to maintain electrolyte balance in the body. Like drinking light salt water. But don't drink too fast or too hard when drinking water. Don't consume a lot of water at once, which will suddenly increase the blood volume and lead to a rapid increase in blood pressure, but it will have a bad effect.

Don't blow the air conditioner for a long time, don't take a cold bath, and don't eat a lot of cold food.

Don't adjust the air conditioning temperature too low to prevent blood vessels from contracting due to the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor. Don't use too much water when taking a bath, but follow the principle of step by step and give your body a time to adapt to the changes of cold and heat. Don't wash directly when sweating, wait for the body to cool naturally before washing.

Moderate exercise, not strenuous exercise.

In hot summer, it is best to exercise in a cool afternoon or evening. The high incidence of coronary heart disease is from 6 am to 9 am. After a night's sleep, the blood is thick and slow, and it is easy to form a thrombus. If you do little exercise, cardiovascular diseases may occur. Try not to do strenuous exercise during this period. Exercise properly to make your body sweat slightly and not feel tired. It is advisable to feel relaxed after exercise. Walking, Tai Ji Chuan and softball are all suitable sports. If you feel unwell during exercise, you should stop immediately and seek medical advice.

Maintain a good attitude and a stable mood.

Excessive excitement and nervousness, especially exultation, great sorrow and great anger, can cause abnormal contraction of arterioles, lead to increased blood pressure, increased heart rate and increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and lead to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia in patients with coronary heart disease, thus inducing angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Try to avoid nervousness, excitement, anxiety and other emotions. A peaceful mind is the cornerstone of health.

Quit smoking and drinking.

Alcoholism can promote arteriosclerosis of arterial wall, reduce the elasticity of arterial wall, hinder blood circulation to a certain extent, and lead to an increase in blood pressure. Nicotine in cigarettes will excite people's central nervous system, release a lot of theanine, make arteries contract, increase the amount of blood returning to the heart, and increase the unnecessary burden on the heart. So be determined not to smoke or drink.

Healthy eating, many people like to eat pickles in summer because of the hot weather and poor appetite.

Actually, it's not healthy. Usually, the diet should be light, and the intake of salt should be reduced appropriately to prevent hypertension. Eat less foods with high fat and cholesterol content, such as animal viscera, to prevent the blood lipid from rising.

The hot weather in summer is the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Unauthorized withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs, eating cold drinks and drinking too little water will have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Therefore, in the hot summer, we should work and rest regularly, live a healthy life and take medicine according to the doctor's advice to protect our cardiovascular health.