What is heaven? What is human nature? Is Guiguzi's strategy of vertical and horizontal cooperation or Shang Jun's immortality? Still a Confucian Mohist?

The literal meaning of "heaven" is the law of movement and change of heaven. The world must have its own rules, and it is heaven. The so-called heaven, that is, the rules of everything, the principle of everything, everything has certain rules.

Multi-layer meaning:

1, justice, providence.

2, refers to the law of natural change.

3, refers to the astronomical phenomena that show signs.

4. Climate and weather.

5, time, time.

6. Situation.

7. One of the six ways of Buddhism.

The Category of Chinese Studies "Tian" (I) Related Sources

Pangu has a proverb: "There are six realms, and everything has a destiny. Ordinary people look up at the sky and have no hidden interest in tomorrow and the moon. The four seasons change, and between the shadows, everything has a cause, and Evergrande is' heaven'. "

Laozi's Tao Te Ching, Chapter 77: "The loss of Heaven cannot be made up." The characteristic of the sky is "the upper one suppresses it, the lower one raises it, the surplus one loses it, and the deficiency one makes up for it." Heaven is to reduce surplus and make up deficiency.

Zuo Zhao Zhuan Gong 17- 18 was produced in Zichan, saying, "Heaven is far away, and people have a long way to go, which is beyond my reach. How do you know? "

Liu Xiang, a native of the Western Han Dynasty, wrote in Guanzi: "The number of heavenly ways changes people's hearts." Follow the heaven and win the hearts of the people. Once the war breaks out, "the war can be won, but the defense can be consolidated" and "this is the way of the world".

There is a saying in China's ancient Daoism: "The ultimate realm of monasticism is Heaven, so it is Heaven".

In Buddhism, about the sky: "There is an ordinary road, but there are thousands of roads, and this road is the sky." Understanding heaven can predict the development of some things, because all things must have the same truth, which is called the same goal by different routes.

(2) Other theories

Heaven is often symmetrical with man, which is an important category of China's philosophy.

Most ancient philosophers in China believed that heaven was consistent with human nature and based on heaven.

Some philosophers believe that heaven is an objective natural law, and heaven and man do not interfere with each other. For example, Xunzi advocated "the distinction between heaven and man is clear", "Heaven always exists, not for the existence of Yao, not for the death of Jie", and man should "control the destiny and use it".

Other philosophers believe that heaven has a will, and heaven and man interact with each other. The change of astronomical phenomena is caused by the good and evil of human beings, which is also a sign of human misfortune. For example, Dong Zhongshu's Induction between Heaven and Man.

There are also some philosophers who believe that heaven has certain moral attributes and is a model of human morality, and it is the object of human imitation.

As for the heaven in Buddhism, I think that due to my own reasons, I can only understand it in a natural way, and I can realize the purpose of understanding it by imitating something close to it. Only after a full understanding of heaven can it last forever. There are many specific ways to understand Heaven, such as understanding the composition of the world in your own way and imitating some natural tracks.

Other remarks: people who understand the laws of all things are trustworthy and cannot be brand-new. From the human point of view, there are too few things that everything in the world can master. The so-called doer of heaven, looking at it and saying nothing, is depraved and imperceptible to the emotional collectors in the world. Heaven can't see, it has nothing to do with the world. The world is colorless, and everyone sees a different world, so there is feeling and color.