How to raise peony with peony flowers, breeding methods and matters needing attention

Traditional propagation methods of Paeonia lactiflora include: plant division, sowing, cutting, layering and so on. Among them, the branching method is the simplest and most widely used. Sowing method is only used to cultivate new varieties, produce rootstocks of grafted peony and produce medicinal materials.

Branch method

Division method is the most commonly used propagation method of Paeonia lactiflora, and it is basically used for seedling production in Paeonia lactiflora producing areas. It has three advantages: first, it blooms earlier than the sowing method, and the sowing seedlings bloom in 4~5 years, while the ramets can bloom every other year; Secondly, the plant zoning operation is simple and easy, and the management is labor-saving, which is conducive to wide application; Third, it can maintain the excellent characters of the original variety. The disadvantage is that the propagation coefficient is low, and the three-year-old mother plant can only differentiate into 3~5 offspring, which is difficult to adapt to and meet the needs of modern large-scale production and fast-growing domestic and foreign flower markets.

1. Lamian Noodles time

Theoretically, the division of Paeonia lactiflora can start when the overwintering buds are full, and continue until the land is frozen. However, timely sowing by dividing plants and ground temperature in Shang Gao are beneficial to root wound healing, and can sprout new roots, enhance cold and drought tolerance, and lay the foundation for the next year's germination and growth. Don't divide plants too early, so as to avoid autumn discovery and affect the growth and development of the next year; It is also not appropriate to divide plants too late, because the ground temperature can no longer meet the needs of Paeonia lactiflora hairy roots, resulting in poor growth of new plants in the second year; If plants are planted in spring, buds will germinate and come out. Because the temperature is getting higher and higher in spring, the temperature is low, the transpiration is large, the root system is injured after plant division, and the broken plants can not absorb water and nutrients normally, resulting in very weak growth and even death. Therefore, there is a saying in agricultural proverbs in China that "the peony will not bloom until it is old". Generally speaking, the suitable time for peony to branch is earlier than peony. Heze's agricultural proverb "July peony, August peony (referring to the lunar month)" means that in Heze, peony can branch from the end of August to the end of September (from summer to autumn equinox). However, in Yangzhou, the ramets are divided from late September to1early October. After three or four years of growth, ramets can be ramets again. No matter how old you are, the roots will be old, the plants will grow weak and the flowers will not bloom well.

2. Plant classification methods

When dividing plants, carefully dig out fleshy roots to minimize root damage. After digging, remove the soil, cut off the old, hard and decaying parts, and split along the natural cracks by hand or sharp knife. Generally, each plant can be divided into 3-5 plants, each with 3-5 or 2-3 buds. When there are few mother plants and the planting task is heavy, each daughter plant can also carry 1~2 buds, but the growth will be slower, and thick roots should be reserved when dividing plants. If the soil is wet, the roots of Paeonia lactiflora are brittle and easy to break. You can dry them in the sun for a day and then divide them into plants, then dry them slightly in the shade and dip them in soil containing nutrients for planting. Paeonia lactiflora has been planted in the garden green space for many years, but its growth is getting weaker and weaker, so it needs to be planted separately. When it blooms, it is affected by reproduction and tourists can't watch it. You can divide the plants on site, dig a deep hole next to the peony plant with a shovel, and then cut the peony plant with a shovel to minimize the vibration to the original plant. Take out the cut parts and plant them separately. The method is the same as above, and it is generally appropriate to cut off half of the original plants. The dug pit is very deep, so you can add a proper amount of fertilizer and mix it with soil for compaction. Alternate planting or alternate planting can also be used, so that plants can be rejuvenated without affecting the landscape for 2~3 years. However, because the methods of continuous cropping, crop rotation or individual planting of Paeonia lactiflora can not be applied continuously, otherwise the diseases and insect pests will occur seriously, the growth will be poor, and even the mortality will increase greatly.

Paeonia lactiflora var. lactiflora is cultivated for medicinal purposes. Lactobacillus lactis var. lactiflora usually propagates through plant division. In autumn, the mother plant is dug up, and all the thick roots are cut off for medicinal purposes. Lactic acid bacteria with buds are used as propagation materials. First, remove the peony head without buds and diseased feet, cut the peony head into blocks, each block has 2-3 strong buds, and the peony head is 2 cm thick. If it is too thick, the taproot will be weak and bifurcated, and if it is too thick, the nutrients will be insufficient. It's best to cut it and plant it. Don't cut it if you can't plant it in time. Shaotou can be stored in sand for later use. It should be planted from early August to late September.

3. Post-ramet management

The suitable planting depth is about 2 cm. Too deep is not conducive to germination, and it is easy to cause rotten roots, yellow leaves and poor growth. Too shallow is not conducive to flowering, but also easy to be frozen, and even the roots are exposed to the ground, leading to death in the hot sun in summer. If the ramet root cluster is large (with 3~5 buds), there may be flowers in the second year, but the shape is small, so it is best to remove them to make the plant grow well. The root is small (2~3 buds), and it will not grow well and will not bloom in the next year. Generally, it takes 2 to 5 years to cultivate.

Sowing method

Seeds of Paeonia lactiflora The fruit of Paeonia lactiflora is Zanzibar, and each Zanzibar contains 1~7 seeds. When the seeds mature, the seeds crack and scatter. Fruit maturity varies from place to place, such as Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang Province in early September, Heze in Shandong Province in late August, Luoyang in Henan Province in mid-August, and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province in late August. Seeds should be sown immediately after harvest. With the delay of sowing date, the water content of seeds decreased and the germination rate decreased. Seeds have double dormancy characteristics of upper and lower hypocotyls. After sowing, the soil temperature in autumn released the dormancy of hypocotyl, and radicle developed and took root. The better the rooting situation in that year, the more vigorous the growth in the coming year; If sowing is too late, the germination rate in the next spring will be greatly reduced if the ground temperature can not release the dormancy of hypocotyl and make it grow well. After sowing and rooting in autumn, after a long period of low temperature in winter, the dormancy of epicotyl can be released. The next spring, the temperature rose, the humidity was suitable, and the germ was unearthed.

Because the characters of the offspring produced by sowing peony horticultural varieties will be separated, and the excellent characters of the original varieties cannot be maintained, so the sowing method can not be used for the propagation of varieties and seedlings.

1. Seed harvesting

The fruit can be harvested when it turns into Yellowstone, and the seeds will not get hot too early, and the seed coat will not turn black and harden too late, so it is not easy to emerge. Fruits ripen early and late, so they should be harvested in batches. When the peel is cracked and the seeds are scattered, you can sow. Don't expose the seeds to the sun, it will harden the seed coat and affect the emergence of seedlings. If the seeds cannot be sown in time, it is feasible to keep them moist with sand, but they must be taken out and sown before they take root.

2. Sowing time

Paeonia lactiflora must be sown in time when collecting seeds in the same year. If the seeds are sown in Heze area from late August to late September, the germination rate will be greatly reduced in the next spring if they do not take root in that year. Moreover, even if seedlings emerge, it is difficult to resist the spring drought and die easily because of the underdeveloped root system of seedlings. So Heze spring sowing tried several times and failed.

3. Sowing method

Seed treatment: before sowing, the shriveled grains and impurities should be removed from the seeds to be sown, and then the incomplete seeds should be removed by water separation. Although the seed coat of Paeonia lactiflora is thinner than that of Paeonia suffruticosa, it is easier to absorb water and germinate, but if the seeds are treated before sowing, the germination rate will be more neat and greatly improved, often reaching more than 80%. The method is to soak the seeds in warm water at 50℃ for 24 hours and sow them immediately after taking them out.

Ridge planting: Plantar fertilizer should be applied to the seeding site. If the soil is wet and suitable for sowing, ridge planting can be used directly. If the soil moisture is poor, it should be fully irrigated before planting in the border. The width of the border is about 50 cm, the spacing between the borders is 30 cm, and the seeds are planted at 6 cm row spacing and 3 cm grain spacing; If there are enough seeds, it is feasible to withdraw sowing, and the grain spacing is not less than 3 cm; Covered with wet soil after sowing, with a thickness of about 2 cm. About 50 kilograms of seeds are used every 666.7 square meters, and about 100 kilograms are sown. After sowing, cover it with plastic film and pick it off in the next spring. Drill sowing is also feasible, with a spacing of 40 cm, a spacing of 3 cm between grains and a covering of 5~6 cm; Or hole sowing, the hole spacing is 20-30cm, 4-5 seeds are placed in each hole, and soil is piled10-20cm after sowing, so as to prevent cold and keep moisture. Rake it flat before germination in the next spring.

Cutting method

Choose a nursery with high terrain and good drainage as the cutting bed. After the bed soil is loose, spread 15cm thick river sand, and disinfect the river sand with 0.5% potassium permanganate. The cutting substrate can also be vermiculite or perlite. According to the experience of Changchun and other places, the best cutting effect is cutting in mid-July. The cutting length is10 ~15cm. There are two nodes, the last one is a compound leaf, and there are several leaves left; Cut off the next compound leaf, even the petiole, then quickly immerse it in the solution of naphthylacetic acid or indoleacetic acid with the concentration of 500×10 ~1000×10, and then cut it off. The insertion depth is about 5 cm, and the spacing is subject to the fact that the blades do not overlap each other. Water it after inserting it, and then cover it with a plastic shed. It is observed that the rooting effect is the best when the substrate temperature is 28~30℃ and the humidity is 50%. When the temperature in the cutting shed is kept at 20~25℃ and the humidity is 80%~90%, it can take root and form dormant buds 20~30 days after cutting. After taking root, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water spraying and watering, and gradually dismantle plastic greenhouses and awnings. Cutting seedlings grow slowly, so they need to be covered with soil in bed for winter, and then moved to open field for planting in the next spring.

Root cutting method

Root cutting in autumn: cut peony into 5~ 10 cm root segments, insert them into a leveled ditch with a depth of 10~ 15 cm, cover them with fine soil with a thickness of 5~ 10 cm, and then water them.

Matters needing attention in planting Paeonia lactiflora:

(1) Paeonia lactiflora should not be transplanted frequently after planting, otherwise it will damage the root system and affect the growth and flowering. In order to make Paeonia lactiflora grow well, reasonable fertilization should be carried out every year. After each fertilization, water should be poured enough, and the soil should be loosened immediately to reduce water evaporation. Regular intertillage and weeding should be carried out in rainy season.

(2) Potted peony, after the first frost, cut off the withered branches and leaves to prevent the breeding of diseases and insect pests. You don't need to do indoor activities in winter, put it under a sunny balcony or eaves, and the soil in the basin should not be too dry.

(3) Paeonia lactiflora can be removed in time before flowering and after lateral buds appear, so as to concentrate nutrition and promote the terminal buds to be large and beautiful. After the flowers wither, if you don't plan to sow and propagate, you should cut off the pedicels at any time to avoid fruiting and consuming nutrients.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Peony disease

Peony diseases mainly include peony gray mold, peony brown spot, peony red spot and peony rust.

In the early stage of peony rust symptoms, there are yellow and yellow particles on the back of leaves, which are the summer spore piles of pathogenic bacteria. At the later stage, round, oval or irregular taupe spots appeared on the leaves, with a diameter of 4- 12mm, and there were wheel marks and small spots on the spots. There are cylindrical reddish-brown bristles in the summer spore pile on the back of leaves, and the length is 1- 1.5mm, which is the winter spore pile of this pathogen.

Peony pest

Scarab

Species and harm of pests: There are many kinds of scarabs that harm Paeonia lactiflora, such as county black velvet gill scarabs, apple scarabs and yellow hairy gill scarabs. , its adults harm the leaves and flowers of Paeonia lactiflora; Larvae grub, the worm body is nearly cylindrical, bent into a "C" shape, milky white, yellow-brown head, three pairs of chest and feet, no abdomen. The wound caused by the root feeding of Paeonia lactiflora creates conditions for the infection of Fusarium, leading to the occurrence of root rot.

scale insect

Scale insects are also called scales. There are several scale insects that harm Paeonia lactiflora, such as cotton scale insects, Japanese wax scale insects, Bai Dun scale insects, mulberry Bai Dun scale insects, Paeonia lactiflora scale insects and arrowhead scale insects. Scale insects suck the body fluids of Paeonia lactiflora, making the plants grow weak and the branches and leaves turn yellow. When individual branches are found to be damaged by scale insects, they can be brushed off with a soft brush, or cut off the insect branches and burned, and sprayed during the whole incubation period of eggs. The newly hatched insects are not coated with wax and are easily killed. It is best to strengthen quarantine to prevent the introduction of vaccine.

aphid

When Paeonia lactiflora germinates in spring, aphids fly to harm and suck the juice of leaves, which makes the damaged leaves curl and turn yellow. When the seedlings grow up, aphids often gather in buds, pedicels, leaf backs and other places, which makes the stems and leaves of flower seedlings curl and shrink, and even the whole plant withers and dies. Spraying 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000~ 1500 times, or 80% dichlorvos 1500~2000 times, or 50% chlorpyrifos emulsion 1000~ 1500 times.