Planting techniques of atractylodes macrocephala

Atractylodes macrocephala is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala in Compositae. It is a perennial herb with a plant height of 30~80 cm. Rhizomes are thick, slightly curly and grayish yellow. Leaves alternate, the lower leaves of the stem have long stalks, the leaves are 3-parted or pinnately 5-parted, and the edges have spiny teeth; The petiole on the upper part of the stem becomes shorter, the leaves are not divided, and they are oval or ovate-lanceolate. The head is solitary at the end of the branch, with tubular flowers and purple corolla. Achenes are oblong-oval, slightly flat, with fluff on the surface and crown feathers. The flowering period is from July to September. Atractylodes macrocephala likes cool climate and is afraid of high temperature and humidity. The suitable temperature for rhizome growth is 26-28℃, and the fastest period for rhizome expansion is from mid-August to late September. Seeds are easy to germinate, and the optimum temperature for germination is about 20℃, which requires more water, and the water absorption is generally 3-4 times the weight of seeds. The seed life is 1 year.

Second, high-yield cultivation techniques

1, soil preparation and fertilization

Nursery land should be slightly acidic sandy loam with moderate fertility, good drainage and cool ventilation, with 2000 kg farmyard manure applied to 667 square meters, deep ploughing, flat harrow and thin harrow, and the border width is1.2m.. Fertile, ventilated, cool and well-drained sandy loam that has not been planted with Atractylodes macrocephala for 5 years should be selected in the field. Gramineae is the best crop in the previous crop. After the previous harvest, 3000 kilograms of farm manure was applied to 667 square meters, and 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate was applied as base fertilizer, with a depth of 20 cm, and a ridge of 1- 1.5 meters was made.

2. Breeding method

Reproduce with seeds. Seedling transplanting method is mainly used in production.

(1) from late March to early April, select a new variety with full seeds and no pests and diseases, soak it in warm water at 30℃ 1 day, and then take it out to accelerate germination and sow. Drilling or broadcasting. Before sowing, the driller shall open a ditch with the row spacing of 1 .5cm and the depth of the ditch of 4-6cm, then fill it with water, sow in the ditch, cover the soil after sowing, slightly suppress it, cover the boundary with grass for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and then water it1time. 5-7 kilograms of seeds per 667 square meters. Emerge 7- 10 days after sowing, pull out straw after emergence, and strengthen field management. Before transplanting in winter, 400-600 kilograms of fresh plants can be cultivated in 667 square meters.

(2) It can be transplanted from the winter of that year to the spring of the following year. It is best to have no leaves and flowers, strong main buds, small and neat rhizomes and large apricot stones. When transplanting, cut off the fibrous roots, open a ditch with a depth of 10 cm according to the row spacing of 25 cm, and put the seedlings in the ditch with the tips of teeth facing up and flush with the ground. After planting, both sides should slightly suppress watering. Generally, 667 square meters need 50-60 kg of fresh Atractylodes macrocephala.

3. Tian Tuan management

(1) Management of the planting site After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be weeded in time, and the distance between seedlings should be 4-6 cm. If the weather is dry, you can weed between plants to reduce water evaporation. Conditional areas can be watered in the morning and evening to fight drought. If bolting is found in the late growth stage, it should be removed in time.

(2) Site management

① intertillage weeding: from the time the seedlings are unearthed to May, there are many weeds in the field, so intertillage weeding should be carried out frequently. The first few intertillages can be deeper and then shallower. After mid-May, plants enter a vigorous growth period, and generally no longer intertillage. If there are weeds among plants, you can pull them out by hand.

② Fertilization: topdressing can be done once before and after budding, with 20 kg urea and 30 kg compound fertilizer applied in the furrow between rows of 667 square meters, and then covered with soil and watered. After picking buds for a week, you can apply fertilizer again.

③ Irrigation and drainage: Atractylodes macrocephala needs sufficient water during its growth period, especially during its rhizome swelling period. In case of drought, water it in time. If there is water after rain, it should be drained in time.

④ Bud picking: The plants began to sprout in mid-June. Generally, flower buds are picked in batches in early and middle July, that is, from budding to flowering. Picking buds is beneficial to improve the yield and quality of atractylodes macrocephala rhizome. It should be noted that field operations such as weeding, fertilization and bud picking should be carried out after dew is dry.

⑤ Cover grass: In the high temperature season in July, a layer of leaves and wheat bran can be spread on the surface to adjust the ground temperature, so that Atractylodes macrocephala can spend the summer safely.

(3) Common pests and diseases include damping off, leaf blight, bacterial blight (root rot), root rot, rust, seed worm, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, mosaic, armyworm, aphid, root-knot nematode, cutworm, etc.

Third, harvesting and processing.

In the planting year, from late June of 65438+1October to mid-October of165438+1October, the suitable harvesting period is when the stems and leaves of Atractylodes macrocephala begin to wither. When harvesting, dig out the roots, cut off the stems and transport them back for processing. When drying, the temperature can be controlled between 90- 100℃ with high fire at first, and when steam appears, the temperature will be reduced to 60-70℃, and it will be turned up and down every 2-3 hours. After the fibrous roots are completely dried, take them out and "sweat" for 7- 10 days, then dry them thoroughly and rub off the remaining stems and fibrous roots. Products with thick meat, no tall stems, no roots, firmness, no cavities, yellow-white cross-section and strong fragrance are preferred. Generally, 667 square meters produce 200-400 kilograms of dry goods, and the drying rate is 30%.

Fourth, the planting prospects

Atractylodes macrocephala is an important traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach, eliminating dampness and promoting diuresis, stopping sweating and preventing miscarriage. Modern research shows that the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala contains volatile oil, and the main components in the volatile oil are atractylone, atractyl alcohol, atractyl lactone and so on. It has certain curative effect on ascites due to liver cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, Meniere's syndrome, chronic lumbago, acute enteritis and leukopenia. Atractylodes macrocephala is widely used. In addition to medical prescriptions, it is also an important raw material for more than 40 kinds of Chinese patent medicines. The current market price is 8-30 yuan/kg.