Composite structure

The four major compound structures in English

The compound structure in English consists of two parts: one part represents a person or object, and the other part represents an action or state. There is a logical subject-predicate relationship between the two parts, that is, the person or thing in the first part is the performer or recipient of the action of the second part, or the state represented by the second part is the person or thing represented by the first part. The state in which it is located. For example:

We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. (English is essential)

With stepping stones along the road, you don't have to walk in the mud. (There are stones along the road)

There are four major compound structures in English:

1. Compound structures of verb infinitives ( for sb to do sth )

Please find some work for the children to do. (children do work)

The book is too difficult for me to read, (我Read Don't understand)

2. The compound structure of gerund (sb's / sb doing sth)

His being late again made the teacher angry. (He was late)

Would you mind my / me smoking here? (I smoke)

When the gerund compound structure is not at the beginning of the sentence, you can use "accusative plus gerund".

Of the above two structures, one can only use infinitives to express actions, and the other can only use gerunds; while in the following two structures, words with multiple parts of speech can express actions or states.

3. Independent nominative case structure (nominative noun or pronoun + complementary component)

The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (participle)

She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. (adjective)

Sword in hand, the man came at me. (prepositional phrase)

Independent nominative structure in the sentence Used as an adverbial in , it expresses the cause or accompanying state.

4. Compound object (object + object complement)

His speech made us laugh. (infinitive)

When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. (prepositional phrase)

I want the house painted white. (participle)

Don't keep the lights on all the night. (adverb. There are other adverbs of this type) ： here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down, etc.)

We consider him one of our best friends. (noun)

We found the movie wonderful. (adjective)

Verbs that can take compound objects can be divided into three categories:

(1). Sensory categories, such as: see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel, etc.

(2). Consciousness type, such as: believe, think, suppose, consider, wish, etc.

(3). Action type, such as: keep, leave ; make, have, let, etc.

In addition to verbs that can take compound objects, the preposition with can also take compound objects and serve as adverbials and attributives in sentences.

The farmers found some stone with writing on it. (attributive)

With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop. (adverbial)

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Like verbs, the object complement in With can also be served by various structures.

The compound structure of With is often used in English grammar. The following is the usage:

When the expression is accompanied, either the independent structure of the participle or the compound structure of with can be used.

with + noun (pronoun) + present participle/past participle/adjective/adverb/infinitive/prepositional phrase

Example: He stood there, his hand raised.

= He stood there, with his hand raise.

Typical example:

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

Answer D. with + noun (pronoun) + participle + preposition phrase structure. When the participle expresses an accompanying condition, its subject is often introduced with with. Since the noun "hand" and the participle "tie" in this sentence have a passive relationship, the past participle is used, choose D.

Note:

1) Problems with using prepositions in independent nominative structures :

When the preposition is in, the two nouns before and after it do not add any elements (such as possessive pronouns or articles), and do not use plurals. However, the compound structure of with is not subject to this restriction

A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.

(His cannot be added before hand).

2) When words expressing human body parts are used as logical subjects, the present participle is used for transitive verbs and the past participle is used for intransitive verbs.

He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

Typical example:

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.

A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting

Answer B. There is no conjunction in this question. It is not a compound sentence or a parallel sentence. A comma is used in the sentence, and we are lowercase, which shows that they are not two simple sentences. Only the independent nominative case or the compound structure of with can be used in this way. Based on this judgment, the independent structure used in this sentence is: noun + participle. Since permit is translated as 'weather permitting' here, which expresses initiative and uses the present participle, we choose B.

If you don't know how to use an independent structure as an adverbial, you might as well change the sentence into a conditional sentence. For example, this sentence should be changed to If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. Then remove if, and then Just change the predicate verb to a non-predicate verb.