What are the meteorological elements?

meteorological elements

Basic physical quantities and basic weather phenomena representing atmospheric state. It mainly includes air pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, clouds, visibility, evaporation, radiation, sunshine and weather phenomena. Weather phenomenon refers to precipitation phenomenon, ground condensation (condensation) and freezing phenomenon, sight distance obstacle phenomenon, atmospheric light phenomenon and other physical phenomena, such as rain, snow, graupel, ice particles, hail and so on; Fog, sand (dust) storm, sand blowing, floating dust, smoke screen, haze and snow blowing; Rainbow, halo, neon, China; Thunderstorm, lightning, aurora and strong wind, squall, tornado, dust roll, snow, ice and other phenomena. Meteorological elements change with time and space, and their observation records are the basic data for weather forecast, climate analysis and related scientific research.

The so-called meteorological elements refer to the basic elements that constitute and reflect the atmospheric state and atmospheric phenomena. It mainly includes: air pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, evaporation, radiation, sunshine and various weather phenomena.

Air pressure: the pressure of the atmosphere is the pressure generated by the movement of air molecules on any surface unit area.

Temperature: the temperature of the atmosphere, indicating the degree of heat and cold of the atmosphere. It is the average kinetic energy of air molecular motion.

Atmospheric humidity (humidity for short): indicates the water vapor content or humidity degree in the air, which can be expressed by physical quantities such as specific humidity (G), absolute humidity (pv), water pressure (E), dew point and relative humidity.

Wind: the movement of air relative to the ground. Meteorology often refers to the horizontal movement of air, expressed by wind direction and wind speed.

Cloud: a visible polymer consisting of a large number of water droplets and ice crystals suspended in the air. In routine meteorological observation, the shape, height and amount of clouds should be determined.

Precipitation: refers to liquid water and solid water falling from the clouds, such as rain, snow and hail.

Evaporation: evaporation on the surface of a liquid. Meteorology refers to the process of water changing from liquid to gas.

Radiation: the process of sending energy or material particles from a radiator to all directions in space. In meteorology, solar radiation is usually called short-wave radiation, while earth surface radiation and atmospheric radiation are long-wave radiation.

Sunshine: the time when the sun shines. Meteorology usually provides the observed actual light time.

References:

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For more detailed information, please refer to the ground meteorological observation specification of China Meteorological Bureau.

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