What is the scientific basis for choosing plastic film for potato early maturity cultivation?

In 20 17, the plastic film corn and spring corn were mainly promoted for seedling raising and transplanting in nutrient bowls, and then the plastic film potatoes, plastic film peanuts and plastic film vegetables were mainly planted, which has continued to this day, and I have my own unique understanding of plastic film planting. In recent years, the application of early maturity and high yield cultivation techniques such as plastic film mulching has greatly improved the yield and benefit. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

1. Choose high quality, early maturity and high yield varieties: You should choose varieties with early tuber setting, neat tubers and good quality, such as early maturity varieties in Heilongjiang? Kexin No.4? 、? Dongnong 303? Wait a minute.

2. Timely early sowing and reasonable close planting: 65438/KLOC-0 planted in late October with plastic film, and 4,500-5,000 plants per mu with double film mulching in sunny days. It is suggested to accelerate germination and sowing. The germination time is 15- 20 days before sowing. When the bud length is 1-2 cm, cut into pieces, each piece is 20-25g, with 1-2 buds. After the wound has healed, you can sow.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer: Plastic film cultivation requires that the base fertilizer accounts for more than 95% of the total fertilizer application, and the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. It is best to use decomposed pig manure and chicken manure, raise soil temperature, apply more potassium fertilizer, and pay attention to the direct contact between seed potato and fertilizer. Foliar spraying 1-2 times in the late growth stage? Potassium dihydrogen phosphate? And then what? Green Wei Fen? The same amount of foliar fertilizer can also be sprayed with paclobutrazol when the line is closed, and the effect of controlling the length and increasing the yield is obvious.

4. Plastic film mulching and careful management: Plastic film mulching has remarkable effects of heat preservation, moisture retention, fertilizer conservation and loosening soil. The main points are as follows: ① The width of the frame is determined according to 80-85% of the width of the plastic film. (2) Carefully prepare the soil, so that the border surface is smooth, thin and loose, and the border surface is round, and the fertilizer is applied once as the base fertilizer during the whole growth period. ③ Spraying after sowing and before mulching? Acetochlor? 、? Prometryne? The concentration of selective herbicide before seedling is slightly lower than that of open field cultivation. (4) The mulching film should be leveled and compacted, and the surrounding film edges should be compacted with soil. Before plastic film mulching, the soil should be moist to facilitate the emergence of seedlings and play the weeding role of herbicides. ⑤ 3-4 days after the emergence of seedlings, open small holes to break the film and put the seedlings, and then seal the small holes with fine mud.

What problems should be paid attention to when using transparent plastic film to cultivate potatoes in the early stage?

1. Ridge cultivation has high yield. Ridge cultivation can also improve the ground temperature and soil porosity, which is beneficial to tuber expansion. Because it is impossible to cultivate the soil by stages in plastic film cultivation, if the potato grows much bigger, we should choose ridge cultivation to increase the depth of soil layer and improve the potato production level. Generally, the ridging height is 20 ~ 25 cm, which is 8 ~ 12% higher than that of no-ridging cultivation.

2. Plastic film specifications. The specifications of plastic film depend on the row spacing and ridging height, such as ridging 25cm, narrow row spacing 40cm, plus ridge edge distance and compaction width, the width of plastic film needs1m. Therefore, the minimum width of plastic film for potato cultivation is 80 cm, and the suitable width is 100 cm.

3. Intercropping problem. According to the experience of Shangluo City, pure breeds in low mountainous areas can meet the basic needs of two seasons a year, and medium-temperature areas can be selected according to local environmental conditions, such as shady and sunny slopes, and shading time in high mountains. In fact, as long as you choose early-maturing potato varieties and early-maturing corn varieties, there is absolutely no need to interplant.

4. The problem of controlling prosperity. Plastic film potatoes generally use foot fertilizer, including a large number of organic fertilizers and quick-acting fertilizers, and rarely topdressing. Therefore, potato seedlings are very strong, and most plots will grow in white in rainy years in spring. According to the local reality and long-term weather forecast, paclobutrazol can be sprayed once when the plants grow to 20 ~ 25 cm in height. The plots with prosperous signs should be sprayed in time. Spraying paclobutrazol at bud stage in other plots can avoid vigorous growth.

5. Determine the harvest time. When there are no pests and diseases in low mountainous areas, the lower leaves begin to turn yellow, and the first batch of potatoes can be dug. Although this time period is in the expansion period, the price is the best at this time period. Many people will wait or even squat in the market for you to dig fresh potatoes, so there is no need to waste a lot of sales time.

Plastic film potatoes must be dug in time, otherwise a heavy rain will reduce the surrounding temperature, increase the soil humidity, and grow a lot of baby heads, which greatly reduces the commercial performance of these potatoes and is difficult to sell.