How do celebrities recite Shenyang in the late Qing Dynasty (2)?

After the Qing rulers entered the customs from 65438 to 0644, they strictly managed and strengthened their rule over the Northeast, ensuring the safety of the "land of Longxing". However, after the middle of19th century, the closed door was opened by the naval bombing of the great powers, and China's dream of being a great power was shattered. When the imperialists rapidly expanded their military and economic power to the northeast coast, Shenyang, the capital of the Qing Empire, was also "doomed" and gradually fell into the semi-colonial abyss under the impact of foreign religions, foreign goods and opium.

Foreign religions, foreign goods, opium and artillery were all tools of modern imperialism's aggression against China. First, missionaries were sent, then businessmen, and then "colonial governors" appeared, which is a "trilogy" of colonialism proved by many historical facts in modern times.

Long before the northeast gate was "opened", foreign missionaries illegally sneaked into the "Longxing Land" in the northeast. 1830, Dutch Catholic missionaries sneaked into Liaodong to preach. Ten years later, during the First Opium War, more than 3,600 Christians illegally sneaked into northeast China. Later, during the Sino-Japanese War at the end of 19, there were 100 foreign churches in Fengtian alone, distributed in various counties and towns.

Since Niuzhuang (Yingkou) opened its port, a large number of foreign goods have been imported into Northeast China. 1858 and 1860, the Qing government signed the Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty with Britain, France, the United States and other aggressor countries. According to the treaty, Niuzhuang opened in 186 1, and Britain set up a consulate in Niuzhuang that year. Then, foreign goods and opium stopped At that time, as the largest city in Northeast China, Shenyang first became the target of foreign goods and opium. Among the commodities imported into Northeast China, opium accounts for an absolute proportion, and opium imports account for 65% of the total value of Yingkou Port 187 1. Most of these opium flows into Shenyang. Decades have passed, and Shenyang's Zhongjie, Xiaobeiguan and Xiaoximen are lined with cigarette houses, accompanied by brothels and casinos. It has become a "trend" for people to smoke opium, and social crimes induced by opium frequently appear, leading to deepening social corruption.

Parallel to man-made disasters, there are natural disasters. During the reign of Emperor Daoxian of Qing Dynasty, there were frequent floods in Shenyang. Shenyang is located at the junction of Liaodong hills and Liaohe plain, with high terrain in the northeast and low terrain in the southwest. There are more than ten rivers in the whole region, such as Liaohe River, Hunhe River and Puhe River. After the Opium War, the Qing government became increasingly corrupt, and the authorities did not care about the maintenance of river dikes, let alone dredging. In the case of heavy rain and heavy rain, floods often occur.

In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), floods occurred in Kyushu county under the jurisdiction of Fengtian for two consecutive years. This situation has not attracted the attention of the authorities. In the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873), a serious flood occurred in Fengtian County. After the flood, more than 300,000 people faced the dilemma of food and clothing, and the hungry people could become the source of social unrest at any time, so the Qing court had to allocate funds for emergency. After the flood, the authorities in Fengtian still made no efforts to repair the river bank to prevent the flood. Five years later, in the fourth year of Guangxu (1878), Fengtian was flooded again. This time, more than 6,000 houses collapsed and more than 70 people died. In September of the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), floods from Liaohe and Liu Ju flooded into Fengtian again. This frequent flood failed to attract the special attention of the authorities in Fengtian, so that two years later, Fengtian suffered a more serious flood than in the 12th year of Tongzhi (1873).

Shenyang Catholic Church in the Late Qing Dynasty

In August of the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), seven days and seven nights of heavy rain caused the disaster in feng tian. The Hunhe River, which has not been repaired for a long time, burst its banks, several feet above the riverbank, and advanced to Fengtian urban and rural areas. In a blink of an eye, the southwest area of Fengtian became Zeguo. The water depth in the low-lying area was several feet, and the houses built in the high places were flooded by about three feet. "Qing Shi Lu" said: "At the beginning of July, in the southeast of Fengtian provincial capital, the flood suddenly rose, which washed away the gunpowder bureau and flooded the whole line of gunpowder oven." Most parts of feng tian were affected. At that time, the old man said, "This flood has never happened in more than a hundred years." After the flood, it was found that the Hunhe River was diverted and the cultivated land and the floodplain were translocated. Farmers without crops are not only facing the famine that will happen the next year, but also worried about taxes.

External troubles and internal troubles make people miserable. Hungry and cold people got up. Since the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), peasant uprisings broke out in Yizhou, Chaoyang, Changtu and Lishu in Fengtian area, attacking cities and trapping villages. The Qing court once exclaimed that bandits were rampant in Shengjing area. Among the peasant uprising troops, Ma Zhenlong who rebelled in Tongzhi for three years (1864) was the strongest. Ma Zhenlong is known as the "Red Flag Team Boss" of the Rebel Army and nicknamed Ma Fool. He and other uprising troops formed five flags of yellow, red, blue, white and black, with more than 20,000 people. They fought in Fengtian and Jilin, sent troops into Shengjing, held riots from the inside out and released all prisoners. The news spread and shook the Qing court. Enhe, the general of Shengjing, who took office only four months ago, was dismissed. The Qing court sent Wen Xiang, Minister of the Ministry of War and Minister of the Interior, to lead the troops to go through the customs and command the Qing army in Shengjing to suppress the insurgents. In April of the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), due to the internal division of the rebel army, Wen Xiang was besieged, and Ma Zhenlong, who was in danger, was captured. Although this heroic rebel army failed in the end, it dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Shengjing area and objectively supported the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's anti-Qing struggle in the south.